Cited by 1,333Species Distribution and Climate ChangeEcology and Vegetation Dynamics StudiesLepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy

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Rapid responses of British butterflies to opposing forces of climate and habitat change

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Warren, M. S., Hill, J. K., Thomas, J. A., Asher, J., Fox, R., Huntley, B., Roy, D. B., Telfer, M. G., Jeffcoate, S., Harding, P., Jeffcoate, G., Willis, S. G., Greatorex-Davies, J. N., Moss, D., Thomas, C. D.·2001·Nature

DOI 10.1038/35102054

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Abstract

Habitat degradation and climate change are thought to be altering the distributions and abundances of animals and plants throughout the world, but their combined impacts have not been assessed for any species assemblage. Here we evaluated changes in the distribution sizes and abundances of 46 species of butterflies that approach their northern climatic range margins in Britain-where changes in climate and habitat are opposing forces. These insects might be expected to have responded positively to climate warming over the past 30 years, yet three-quarters of them declined: negative responses to habitat loss have outweighed positive responses to climate warming. Half of the species that were mobile and habitat generalists increased their distribution sites over this period (consistent with a climate explanation), whereas the other generalists and 89% of the habitat specialists declined in distribution size (consistent with habitat limitation). Changes in population abundances closely matched changes in distributions. The dual forces of habitat modification and climate change are likely to cause specialists to decline, leaving biological communities with reduced numbers of species and dominated by mobile and widespread habitat generalists.

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Authors: Warren, M. S., Hill, J. K., Thomas, J. A., Asher, J., Fox, R., Huntley, B., Roy, D. B., Telfer, M. G., Jeffcoate, S., Harding, P., Jeffcoate, G., Willis, S. G., Greatorex-Davies, J. N., Moss, D., & Thomas, C. D.
Affiliations: Butterfly Conservation (GB)
Durham University (GB)
Dorset Green Technology Park (GB)
UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (GB)
University of Leeds (GB)
Corresponding author: Thomas, C. D.
ORCID: Hill, J. K.
Thomas, J. A.
Fox, R.
Huntley, B.
Roy, D. B.
Willis, S. G.
Thomas, C. D.
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2001-11
Volume: 414
Issue: 6859
Pages: 65-69
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/35102054
OpenAlex: W1620630482
Cited by: 1,333
References: 33
Citations by year: 2026: 23 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 59 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 76 · 2015: 75 · 2014: 93 · 2013: 66 · 2012: 76
FWCI: 33.89
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
orcid.org
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
Durham Research Online (Durham University) (acceptedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion)
Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: Natural Environment Research Council
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecological Modeling › Species Distribution and Climate Change
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy
Keywords: butterflies, climate change, habitat loss, range shifts, species distribution, population abundance, habitat generalists, habitat specialists, global warming, habitat degradation, Great Britain
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Butterflies, Climate, Environment, United Kingdom, Population Dynamics, Seasons, Species Specificity

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Rapid responses of British butterflies to opposing forces of climate and habitat change

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