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The neural correlates of the verbal component of working memory
Abstract
By repeating words 'in our head', verbal material (such as telephone numbers) can be kept in working memory almost indefinitely. This 'articulatory loop' includes a subvocal rehearsal system and a phonological store. Little is known about neural correlates of this model of verbal short-term memory. We therefore measured regional cerebral blood flow, an index of neuronal activity, in volunteers performing a task engaging both components of the articulatory loop (short-term memory for letters) and a task which engages only the subvocal rehearsal system (rhyming judgement for letters). Stimuli were presented visually and the subjects did not speak. We report here that comparisons of distribution of cerebral blood flow in these conditions localized the phonological store to the left supramarginal gyrus whereas the subvocal rehearsal system was associated with Broca's area. This is, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of the normal anatomy of the components of the 'articulatory loop'.
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“During silent articulation (McGuire et al., 1996a,b) and verbal working memory (Paulesu et al., 1993; Fiez et al., 1996b; Salmon et al., 1996; Schumacher et al., 1996), activation in the left posterior inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's area, BA 44) and/or left premotor cortex (BA 6) was associated with “inner speech”.”
From A review and synthesis of the first 20years of PET and fMRI studies of heard speech, spoken language and reading (2012) · cites this paper as Paulesu et al., 1993
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Updating working memory for words: A PET activation study
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“Previous studies have implicated this region in the maintenance of verbal information in working memory in studies with younger adults (Paulesu et al., 1993; Gold and Buckner, 2002).”
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“The radial maze was used as the experimental setting, because the literature increasingly reports a speci®c role of cerebellar networks in different memory settings, even if they are not spatial in nature (Paulesu et al., 1993; Silveri et al., 1998).”
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Left Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Processing of Words and Sentences
Nozari, N., & Thompson‐Schill, S. L. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407794-2.00046-8 · Cited by 78
“Also, the term “working memory” appears frequently in the VLPFC literature (Awh et al., 1996; Paulesu et al., 1993).”
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“…of specific PFC subregions have shown sustained activity in ventral PFC, defined as Brodmann’s areas (BAs) 44, 45 and 47, during low WM-load tasksw< indicating this region’s importance in maintenance processes (Awh et al., 1996; Paulesu et al., 1993; Rypma et al., 1999; Rypma and D’Esposito, 1999).”
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Is the Prefrontal Cortex Necessary for Delay Task Performance? Evidence from Lesion and fMRI Data
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“Analyzed in a manner to determine the location of activation that exhibited spatial overlap in at least 75% of subjects, the most consistent area of delay-period activity was lateralized to the left ventral PFC, which is consistent with several other imaging studies utilizing a similar verbal delayed response paradigm…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialPET validation of a novel prefrontal task: Delayed response alternation.
Gold, J. M., Berman, K. F., RANDOLPH, C. C., Goldberg, T. E., & Weinberger, D. R. (1996) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.10.1.3 · Cited by 77
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“One example is phonological perception, in which “five studies generated five different findings” [Demonet et al., 1992; Paulesu et al., 1993; Petersen et al., 1989; Poeppel, 1996; Sergent et al., 1992; Zatorre et al., 1992].”
BackgroundActivation of the human hippocampal formation during auditory-verbal long-term memory function
Grasby, P. M., Frith, C., Friston, K. J., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Dolan, R. J. (1993) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(93)90378-x · Cited by 77
Self-citationRobot-aided functional imaging: Application to a motor learning study
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The impact of age-related changes on working memory functional activity
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“The left pre-central location has been repeatedly implicated in the retention of verbal working memory information and is hypothesized to be involved with sub-vocal rehearsal of information (Altamura et al. 2007; Muller and Knight 2006; Paulesu et al. 1993; Smith and Jonides 1999).”
Sensorimotor Cognition and Natural Language Syntax
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Sex differences on prefrontally-dependent cognitive tasks
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Sentence comprehension and word repetition: A positron emission tomography investigation
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Paying attention to consciousness
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Superior digit memory of abacus experts: an event-related functional MRI study
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A single dual-stream framework for syntactic computations in music and language
Musso, M., Weiller, C., Horn, A., Glauche, V., Umarova, R. M., Hennig, J., Schneider, A., & Rijntjes, M. (2015) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.05.020 · Cited by 79
“These results are in line with functional imaging studies showing the involvement of the anterior insula in prosodic processing, in processing change of pitch contour, and during mnesic processing of sound material of a sequential character in language and music (Bamiou et al., 2006; Zatorre et al., 1994; Paulesu et a…”
ResultMarinkovic, K., Rickenbacher, E., Azma, S., & Artsy, E. (2012) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21213 · Cited by 92
“Insula has been implicated in selective attention [Corbetta et al., 1991] and working memory [Paulesu et al., 1993].”
Phonological processing in relation to reading: an fMRI study in deaf readers
Aparicio, M., Gounot, D., Demont, E., & Metz-Lutz, M.-N. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.12.046 · Cited by 75
“The second area more activated in the deaf group, the left inferior parietal lobe, has been associated with the spelling-tosound conversion procedure required in phonological tasks (Booth et al., 2002a,b, 2003; Paulesu et al., 1993).”
BackgroundNeural Systems underlying Lexical Competition: An Eye Tracking and fMRI Study
Righi, G., Blumstein, S. E., Mertus, J., & Worden, M. S. (2009) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21200 · Cited by 75
“The left temporo-parietal region, including the SMG and the AG, is also involved in mapping of sound structure to a phonological representation and in storing this representation (Paulesu et al., 1993).”
Guse, B., Falkai, P., Gruber, O., Whalley, H., Gibson, L., Hasan, A., Obst, K., Dechent, P., McIntosh, A., Suchan, B., et al. (2013) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2012.09.034 · Cited by 75
Neural signatures of team coordination are revealed by multifractal analysis
Likens, A. D., Amazeen, P. G., Stevens, R., Galloway, T. L., & Gorman, J. C. (2014) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2014.882861 · Cited by 76
Speech and language functions that require a functioning Broca’s area
Davis, C. L., Kleinman, J. T., Newhart, M., Gingis, L., Pawlak, M. A., & Hillis, A. E. (2008) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2008.01.012 · Cited by 77
Listening is behaving verbally
Schlinger, H. D. (2008) · The Behavior Analyst · doi:10.1007/bf03392168 · Cited by 78
“HENRY D. SCHLINGER Baars is referring to an experiment by Paulesu, Frith, and Frackowiak (1993) demonstrating (according to the authors and to Baars) that the socalled subvocal rehearsal system (implicated in short-term memory) is mediated by Broca's area.”
Parallel models of serial behaviour: Lashley revisited.
Houghton, G., & Hartley, T. T. (1995) · Cited by 76
Parallel memory systems for talking about location and age in precuneus, caudate and Broca's region
Wallentin, M., Roepstorff, A., Glover, R., & Burgess, N. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.05.002 · Cited by 76
“…(e.g., parietal) neocortical areas, and manipulation and rehearsal depending on prefrontal areas (such as Broca’s area for maintaining verbal stimuli and language comprehension, see, e.g., Shallice, 1988; Paulesu et al., 1993; Smith and Jonides, 1998; Logie et al., 2003; Fiebach et al., 2005).”
BackgroundRapid and automatic speech-specific learning mechanism in human neocortex
Kimppa, L., Kujala, T., Leminen, A., Vainio, M., & Юрьевич, Ш. Ю. (2015) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.05.098 · Cited by 79
“, 2005), phonological analysis of novel words and retrieval from memory (Clark and Wagner, 2003), and articulatory rehearsal (Paulesu et al., 1993).”
Valdois, S., Carbonnel, S., Juphard, A., Baciu, M., Ans, B., Peyrin, C., & Segebarth, C. M. (2006) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.02.049 · Cited by 85
“Such an increased activity might in particular reflect stronger involvement of verbal working memory (Paulesu et al., 1993; Cabeza and Nyberg, 2000, for a review) when a novel articulatory rehearsal program is effortfully assembled and initiated (Naveh-Benjamin and Jonides, 1984; Chein and…”
BackgroundKimberg, D. Y., Aguirre, G. K., Lease, J., & D’Esposito, M. (2001) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/1097-0193(200104)12:4 · Cited by 102
Deficits in multiple systems of working memory in schizophrenia
Spindler, K. A., Sullivan, E. V., Menon, V., Lim, K. O., & Pfefferbaum, A. (1997) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(97)00074-1 · Cited by 74
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Suzuki, K. (2003) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/13.5.517 · Cited by 74
“, 1992) and (–46, –32, 16) (Paulesu et al., 1993)], which are close to our regions [(–66, –24, 12) and (–57, –18, 0)].”
BackgroundNeural processing of words in the human extrastriate visual cortex
Kuriki, S., Takeuchi, F., & Hirata, Y. (1998) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0926-6410(97)00030-x · Cited by 72
Romani, C., & Martin, R. C. (1999) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037//0096-3445.128.1.56 · Cited by 72
Cytoarchitectonics, Receptorarchitectonics, and Network Topology of Language
Amunts, K., & Catani, M. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397025-1.00211-6 · Cited by 87
Traumatic brain injury alters the functional brain network mediating working memory
Kasahara, M., Menon, D. K., Salmond, C. H., Outtrim, J. G., Tavares, J. V. T., Carpenter, T. A., Pickard, J. D., Sahakian, B. J., & Stamatakis, E. A. (2011) · Brain Injury · doi:10.3109/02699052.2011.608210 · Cited by 75
“The parietal cortex is consistently reported as an important area that mediates memory function, with a variety of possible roles for the LIPG in verbal working memory task-related processes, including manipulation of information [13], automatic attentional processes [24], responding to changing working memory demand…”
BackgroundVaquero, E., Gómez, C. M., Quintero-Gallego, E. A., González-Rosa, J. J., & Márquez-Rivas, J. (2008) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-4-18 · Cited by 79
Distinct neural substrates for deductive and mathematical processing
Kroger, J. K., Nystrom, L. E., Cohen, J. D., & Johnson-Laird, P. N. (2008) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.07.128 · Cited by 76
“In this case, logical reasoning calls for syntactic manipulations based on formal rules, and, as many investigators have suggested, it should depend on language areas of the brain in left hemisphere (Paulesu et al., 1993; Price et al., 1996; Inui et al., 1998; Ni et al., 2000; Price, 2000).”
BackgroundPostle, B. R., & D’Esposito, M. (2000) · Psychobiology · doi:10.3758/bf03331973 · Cited by 72
Ochfeld, E., Newhart, M., Molitoris, J., Leigh, R., Cloutman, L., Davis, C., Crinion, J., & Hillis, A. E. (2010) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.109.570374 · Cited by 71
No evidence for differences among language regions in their temporal receptive windows
Blank, I., & Fedorenko, E. G. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116925 · Cited by 74
Verbal and Spatial Working Memory in Humans
Jonides, J., Reuter‐Lorenz, P. A., Smith, E. E., Awh, E., Barnes, L. L., Drain, M., Glass, J. M., Lauber, E. J., Patalano, A. L., & Schumacher, E. H. (1996) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(08)60572-1 · Cited by 71
An event-related fMRI investigation of phonological versus semantic short-term memory
Martin, R. C., Wu, D. H., Freedman, M. L., Jackson, E. F., & Lesch, M. F. (2003) · Journal of Neurolinguistics · doi:10.1016/s0911-6044(03)00025-3 · Cited by 71
The Neural Correlates of Updating Information in Verbal Working Memory
der Linden, M. V., Collette, F., Salmon, É., Delfiore, G., Degueldre, C., Luxen, A., & Franck, G. (1999) · Memory · doi:10.1080/096582199387742 · Cited by 78
Carruthers, P. (2011) · Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1080/09515089.2011.556609 · Cited by 70
“brain but also language production areas and associated regions of motor cortex are active ( Paulescu et al., 1993;”
BackgroundJeong, H., Sugiura, M., Sassa, Y., Wakusawa, K., Horie, K., Sato, S., & Kawashima, R. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.038 · Cited by 72
“The left parietal area is associated with phonological storage (Paulesu et al., 1993), and the anterior cingulate cortex is associated with attention during a verbal task (Raboyeau et al., 2004).”
López-Barroso, D., de Diego‐Balaguer, R., Toni Cunillera, B., Càmara, E., Münte, T. F., & Rodríguez‐Fornells, A. (2011) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhr064 · Cited by 71
Sugiura, L., Ojima, S., Matsuba‐Kurita, H., Dan, I., Tsuzuki, D., Katura, T., & Hagiwara, H. (2011) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhr023 · Cited by 70
“Also, specific activation of the left supramarginal gyrus by a short-term memory task was demonstrated by Paulesu et al. (1993), who considered this region to be the location of the phonological store; similar results were obtained by Salmon et al. (1996), Smith and Jonides (1998), and Smith et al.…”
ResultUpdating of working memory in a running memory task: an event-related potential study
Kusak, G., Grune, K., Hagendorf, H., & Metz, A.-M. (2000) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/s0167-8760(00)00116-1 · Cited by 70
Language, memory, and the cerebellum
Silveri, M. C., & Misciagna, S. (2000) · Journal of Neurolinguistics · doi:10.1016/s0911-6044(00)00008-7 · Cited by 70
“PET studies have also been able to demonstrate activation in the right cerebellum when subjects are performing tasks involving the rehearsal system [78].”
BackgroundLarge-scale neural network for sentence processing
Cooke, A., Grossman, M., DeVita, C., Gonzalez-Atavales, J. B., Moore, P., Chen, W., Gee, J. C., & Detre, J. A. (2005) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2005.07.072 · Cited by 70
Language comprehension and brain function in individuals with an optimal outcome from autism
Eigsti, I., Stevens, M. C. G., Schultz, R. T., Barton, M. L., Kelley, E. A., Naigles, L., Orinstein, A. J., Troyb, E., & FEIN, D. A. (2015) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2015.11.014 · Cited by 68
“This region is activated in many language tasks, including reading (Buchsbaum and D'Esposito, 2009; Liebenthal et al., 2013; Paulesu et al., 1993; Tourville et al., 2008).”
Voxel-Based Mapping of Brain Hypometabolism in Permanent Amnesia with PET
Aupée, A., Desgranges, B., Eustache, F., Lalevée, C., Sayette, V. D. L., Viader, F., & Baron, J. (2001) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.0762 · Cited by 69
Specialized neural dynamics for verbal and tonal memory: fMRI evidence in congenital amusia
Albouy, P., Peretz, I., Bermudez, P., Zatorre, R. J., Tillmann, B., & Caclin, A. (2018) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.24416 · Cited by 68
“The observation of activity in several parts of the left IFG (pars triangularis and opercularis) for verbal memory is in line with a number of neuroimaging studies that posit a role for subvocal rehearsal mechanisms in verbal short-term memory in this region (Gruber & von Cramon, 2003; Paulesu et al., 1993; Ravizza et…”
BackgroundResultThe dual loop model: its relation to language and other modalities
Rijntjes, M., Weiller, C., Bormann, T., & Musso, M. (2012) · Frontiers in Evolutionary Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnevo.2012.00009 · Cited by 71
“…superior temporal region and the inferior SMG to the left inferior frontal gyrus is also involved in monitoring speech at phonological level (e1) (Paulesu et al., 1993; Demonet et al., 1994; Price, 1998; Pugh et al., 2000; Jobard et al., 2003; Demonet et al., 2005; Bernal and Ardila, 2009) and…”
BackgroundA Specialized Odor Memory Buffer in Primary Olfactory Cortex
Zelano, C., Montag, J. L., Khan, R. R., & Sobel, N. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004965 · Cited by 74
“. Imaging studies have associated these mechanisms with networks primarily (but not only) within the prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices for the phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad”
BackgroundElmer, S., Hänggi, J., Meyer, M. E., & Jäncke, L. (2010) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21169 · Cited by 76
“, 1992] and verbal working memory functions [Paulesu et al., 1993], we propose that the reduced FA we revealed in the splenium could be related to a more asymmetrical/symmetrical representation of phonetic perception or verbal working memory functions, these being essential for interpreting.”
BackgroundResultAn investigation of executive function abilities in adults with Prader–Willi syndrome
Walley, R. M., & Donaldson, M. (2005) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00717.x · Cited by 67
Past experience shapes ongoing neural patterns for language
Pierce, L. J., Chen, J., Delcenserie, A., Genesee, F. H., & Klein, D. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms10073 · Cited by 68
Regionally Specific Sensitivity Differences in fMRI and PET: Where Do They Come From?
Veltman, D. J., Friston, K. J., Sanders, G., & Price, C. J. (2000) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2000.0581 · Cited by 68
“Temporoparietal activations were certainly expected on the basis of previous PET studies of reading, rhyming, and phonological judgment (Paulesu et al., 1993; umsey et al., 1996; Bookheimer et al., 1995; Price et l., 1996, 1997a).”
BackgroundIllusory memories: A cognitive neuroscience analysis
Schacter, D. L. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.24.13527 · Cited by 70
Functional connectivity reveals inefficient working memory systems in post-traumatic stress disorder
Shaw, M. E., Moores, K. A., Clark, C. R., McFARLANE, A. C., Strother, S. C., Bryant, R. A., Brown, G. C., & Taylor, J. D. (2009) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2008.07.014 · Cited by 67
“Regions included the left IPL, pre-SMA and inferior frontal gyrus, and represent the typical pattern associated with storage and rehearsal of verbal material in WM ( Paulesu et al., 1993; Fiebach et al., 2006).”
Neural Activation During Performance of Number-Letter Sequencing
Haut, M. W., Kuwabara, H., Leach, S. G., & Arias, R. G. (2000) · Applied Neuropsychology · doi:10.1207/s15324826an0704_5 · Cited by 69
Arimitsu, T., Uchida-Ota, M., Yagihashi, T., Kojima, S., Watanabe, S., Hokuto, I., Ikeda, K., Takahashi, T., & Minagawa‐Kawai, Y. (2011) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00202 · Cited by 71
“It seems left SMG is also involved in tasks requiring verbal or auditory short-term memory (Paulesu et al., 1993).”
Background17 Some Innate Foundations of Social and Moral Cognition
Wynn, K. (2008) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195332834.003.0017 · Cited by 69
Owen, A. M., Lee, A. C. H., & Williams, E. (2000) · Psychobiology · doi:10.3758/bf03331974 · Cited by 68
“…et al., 1998; Grasby et al., 1993; Grasby et al., 1994; Jonides, Schumacher, et al., 1998; Jonides et al., 1997; Jonides, Smith, et al., 1998; Paulesu et al., 1993; Petrides et al., 1993; Rypma et al., 1999; Salmon et al., 1996; Schumacher et al., 1996; Smith et al., 1996; Van der Linden…”
Dynamic pattern of brain activation during sequencing of word strings evaluated by fMRI
Wildgruber, D., Kischka, U., Ackermann, H., Klose, U., & Grodd, W. (1999) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0926-6410(98)00031-7 · Cited by 67
Gestures, Vocalizations, and Memory in Language Origins
Aboitiz, F. (2012) · Frontiers in Evolutionary Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnevo.2012.00002 · Cited by 66
“…imaging studies had shown a strong inferior parietal involvement in verbal working memory, especially in phonological storage tasks (for example, Paulesu et al., 1993; Awh et al., 1996; Salmon et al., 1996; see also Smith and Jonides, 1998), which was consistent with an inferior parietal input…”
BackgroundResultLiebenthal, E., Desai, R. H., Humphries, C., Sabri, M., & Desai, A. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2014.00289 · Cited by 68
Neurocomputational Consequences of Evolutionary Connectivity Changes in Perisylvian Language Cortex
Henningsen‐Schomers, M. R., Garagnani, M., & Friedemann Pulvermüller, A. (2017) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2693-16.2017 · Cited by 70
“…magnetic stimulation (TMS)evidencedemonstratingtheimportanceofspeechpercep-Figure4 tion and production areas in VWM (Belleville et al., 1992; Paulesu et al., 1993; Wilson, 2001; Buchsbaum et al., 2005; Jac-quemot and Scott, 2006; Romero et al., 2006; Buchsbaum and D’Esposito, 2008; Acheson…”
BackgroundHidalgo‐Lopez, E., & Pletzer, B. A. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2017.00403 · Cited by 72
Dissociating the cortical basis of memory for voices, words and tones
Stevens, A. A. (2003) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2003.10.008 · Cited by 66
Distinct neural systems underlie learning visuomotor and spatial representations of motor skills
Parsons, M. W., Harrington, D. L., & Rao, S. M. (2004) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20084 · Cited by 66
“, 2002] and decreased with practice in the left inferior frontal cortex (BA 44), which is involved in verbal working memory [Paulesu et al., 1993].”
BackgroundFunctional Neuroimaging of Working Memory
(2006) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/3420.003.0012 · Cited by 66
Images of shadowing and interpreting
Tommola, J., Laine, M., Sunnari, M., et al. (2000) · Interpreting International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting · doi:10.1075/intp.5.2.06tom · Cited by 65
Ellis, R. J., Bruijn, B., Norton, A. C., Winner, E., & Schlaug, G. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.02.045 · Cited by 70
“…and auditory working memory Left SMG has been implicated in the phonological short-term storage component of working memory (e.g., Baddeley, 2003; Paulesu et al., 1993; Romero et al., 2006; Vallar and Papagano, 2002), and the adjacent “Sylvian temporoparietal cortex” in the articulatory (vocal…”
BackgroundMeta-analysis: how does posterior parietal cortex contribute to reasoning?
Wendelken, C. (2015) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.01042 · Cited by 68
Neural Dynamics of Phonological Processing in the Dorsal Auditory Stream
Liebenthal, E., Sabri, M., Beardsley, S. A., Mangalathu-Arumana, J., & Desai, A. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1511-13.2013 · Cited by 71
“Rather, the finding that the left IPL, an area associated with short-term phonological storage (Paulesu et al., 1993; Buchsbaum and D’Esposito, 2009), possibly subvocalization (Koelsch et al., 2009; Price, 2010) and somatosensory articulatory feedback (Tourville et al., 2008), and the left vCS,…”
BackgroundStructural alterations of brain grey and white matter in early deaf adults
Hribar, M., Šuput, D., Carvalho, A. A., Battelino, S., & Vovk, A. (2014) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2014.09.008 · Cited by 64
Veltman, D. J., de Ruiter, M. B., Rombouts, S. A. R. B., Lazeron, R. H. C., Barkhof, F., van Dyck, R., Dolan, R. J., & Phaf, R. H. (2005) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291704002971 · Cited by 65
“Left parietal cortex has previously been implicated in phonological storage (Paulesu et al. 1993), but has also been found in manipulation WM tasks, which has been interpreted as participation in executive functioning (Cohen et al.”
BackgroundConnolly, J. F., Service, E., D’Arcy, R. C. N., et al. (2001) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200102120-00012 · Cited by 65
Execution and observation of bringing a fruit to the mouth affect syllable pronunciation
Gentilucci, M., Santunione, P., Roy, A. C., & Stefanini, S. (2004) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03104.x · Cited by 65
A computational model of frontal lobe dysfunction: working memory and the Tower of Hanoi task
Goela, V., Pullara, S. D., & Grafman, J. H. (2001) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1016/s0364-0213(01)00037-4 · Cited by 65
“Paulesu et al. (1993) asked subjects to remember six visually presented letters of the alphabet.”
BackgroundHausman, H. K., Hardcastle, C., Albizu, A., Kraft, J. N., Evangelista, N. D., Boutzoukas, E. M., Langer, K. G., O’Shea, A. M., Etten, E. J. V., Bharadwaj, P. K., et al. (2021) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-021-00503-1 · Cited by 69
Stanberry, L. I., Richards, T. L., Berninger, V. W., Nandy, R. R., Aylward, E., Maravilla, K. R., Stock, P. S., & Cordes, D. (2006) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.mri.2005.12.006 · Cited by 68
Kessler, Y., & Meiran, N. (2006) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.32.3.570 · Cited by 66
“This claim is supported by imaging studies showing that rehearsal activates speech-related brain areas ( Paulesu, Frith, & Frackowiak, 1993; Smith & Jonides, 1999).”
ResultAltered Verbal Working Memory Process in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease
Lim, H. K., Juh, R., Pae, C., Lee, B.-T., Yoo, S., Ryu, S., Kwak, K.-R., Lee, C., & Lee, C. (2008) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000147471 · Cited by 64
Semantic versus perceptual interactions in neural processing of speech-in-noise
Golestani, N., Hervais‐Adelman, A., Obleser, J., & Scott, S. K. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.049 · Cited by 67
“…prosodic) processing, in verbal working memory, and in semantic and contextual integration (Baumgaertner et al., 2002; Braver et al., 1997; Buckner et al., 1995; Dapretto and Bookheimer, 1999; Gold and Buckner, 2002; Gough et al., 2005; Keller et al., 2001; Paulesu et al., 1993; Rodd et al., 2005).”
Fiez, J. A., Tranel, D., Seager-Frerichs, D., & Damásio, H. (2006) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70399-x · Cited by 64
Learning by doing? The effect of gestures on implicit retrieval of newly acquired words
Krönke, K., Mueller, K., Friederici, A. D., & Obrig, H. (2012) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2012.11.016 · Cited by 70
Variability in perisylvian brain anatomy in healthy adults
Knaus, T. A., Bollich, A. M., Corey, D. M., Lemen, L. C., & Foundas, A. L. (2005) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2005.10.008 · Cited by 66
Metadata
- Authors
- Paulesu, E., Frith, C. D., & Frackowiak, R. S. J.
- Affiliations
- Hammersmith Hospital (GB)
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 1993-03-25
- Volume
- 362
- Issue
- 6418
- Pages
- 342-345
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2002007413
- Semantic Scholar
- e8a97ed48aa1080587f488566102cd9b169a5a1c
- Cited by
- 2,230
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 50 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 73 · 2014: 72 · 2013: 75 · 2012: 68
- FWCI
- 36.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Keywords
- working memory, verbal short-term memory, phonological loop, phonological store, subvocal rehearsal, regional cerebral blood flow, Broca's area, neural correlates, visual word recognition
- MeSH terms
- Brain Mapping, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Models, Neurological, Parietal Lobe, Verbal Behavior
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