Cited by 1,883Motor Control and AdaptationTactile and Sensory InteractionsNeuroscience and Music Perception

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Functional MRI evidence for adult motor cortex plasticity during motor skill learning

Kami, Avi, Meyer, Gundela, Jezzard, Peter, Adams, Michelle M., Turner, Robert, Ungerleider, Leslie G.·1995·Nature

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Abstract

Performance of complex motor tasks, such as rapid sequences of finger movements, can be improved in terms of speed and accuracy over several weeks by daily practice sessions. This improvement does not generalize to a matched sequence of identical component movements, nor to the contralateral hand. Here we report a study of the neural changes underlying this learning using functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of local blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals evoked in primary motor cortex (M1). Before training, a comparable extent of M1 was activated by both sequences. However, two ordering effects were observed: repeating a sequence within a brief time window initially resulted in a smaller area of activation (habituation), but later in larger area of activation (enhancement), suggesting a switch in M1 processing mode within the first session (fast learning). By week 4 of training, concurrent with asymptotic performance, the extent of cortex activated by the practised sequence enlarged compared with the unpractised sequence, irrespective of order (slow learning). These changes persisted for several months. The results suggest a slowly evolving, long-term, experience-dependent reorganization of the adult M1, which may underlie the acquisition and retention of the motor skill.

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Authors: Kami, A., Meyer, G., Jezzard, P., Adams, M. M., Turner, R., & Ungerleider, L. G.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
ORCID: Meyer, Gundela
Jezzard, Peter
Adams, Michelle M.
Turner, Robert
Ungerleider, Leslie G.
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 1995-09
Volume: 377
Issue: 6545
Pages: 155-158
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/377155a0
OpenAlex: W2067608252
Cited by: 1,883
References: 23
Citations by year: 2026: 33 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 67 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 64 · 2015: 84 · 2014: 79 · 2013: 92 · 2012: 69
FWCI: 23.65
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
Keywords: motor cortex plasticity, motor skill learning, primary motor cortex, habituation, BOLD signal, motor skill retention
MeSH terms: Adult, Evoked Potentials, Humans, Learning, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Motor Cortex, Motor Skills, Neuronal Plasticity, Oxygen

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Functional MRI evidence for adult motor cortex plasticity during motor skill learning

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