Cited by 344Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and DiseaseCell death mechanisms and regulationImmunotherapy and Immune Responses

The co-translocation of ERp57 and calreticulin determines the immunogenicity of cell death

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Panaretakis, T, Joza, N, Modjtahedi, N, Tesniere, A, Vitale, I, Durchschlag, M, Fimia, G M, Kepp, O +6 more·2008·Cell Death & Differentiation

Abstract

The exposure of calreticulin (CRT) on the plasma membrane can precede anthracycline-induced apoptosis and is required for cell death to be perceived as immunogenic. Mass spectroscopy, immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that CRT co-translocates to the surface with another endoplasmic reticulum-sessile protein, the disulfide isomerase ERp57. The knockout and knockdown of CRT or ERp57 inhibited the anthracycline-induced translocation of ERp57 or CRT, respectively. CRT point mutants that fail to interact with ERp57 were unable to restore ERp57 translocation upon transfection into crt(-/-) cells, underscoring that a direct interaction between CRT and ERp57 is strictly required for their co-translocation to the surface. ERp57(low) tumor cells generated by retroviral introduction of an ERp57-specific shRNA exhibited a normal apoptotic response to anthracyclines in vitro, yet were resistant to anthracycline treatment in vivo. Moreover, ERp57(low) cancer cells (which failed to expose CRT) treated with anthracyclines were unable to elicit an anti-tumor response in conditions in which control cells were highly immunogenic. The failure of ERp57(low) cells to elicit immune responses and to respond to chemotherapy could be overcome by exogenous supply of recombinant CRT protein. These results indicate that tumors that possess an intrinsic defect in the CRT-translocating machinery become resistant to anthracycline chemotherapy due to their incapacity to elicit an anti-cancer immune response.

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Crossref · 10.1038/cdd.2008.67

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  • In most ICD instances, CALR translocates to cell surface together with ERp57.

    “In most instances of ICD, CALR translocates to the cell surface together with protein disulfide isomerase family A member 3 (PDIA3; best known as known as ERp57) [881].”
  • CALR knockdown or defects in CALR exposure abolish ability of anthracycline-treated dying cancer cells to establish protective immunity in mice; recombinant CALR confers immunogenic properties to non-immunogenic RCD.

    “In line with a key role of CALR in the immunogenicity of RCD, the RNAi-mediated knockdown of CALR as well as natural defects in the CALR exposure pathway reportedly abolish the ability of dying cancer cells succumbing to anthracyclines to establish protective immunity in mice, whereas the exogenous provision of recombinant CALR confers immunogenic properties to otherwise non-immunogenic variants”
  • Inhibition of caspases affects exposure of find-me signals, eat-me signals, secretion of DAMPs, and exposure of CRT on anthracyclin-treated cancer cells.

    “The inhibition of caspases affects the exposure of find-me signals 40, eat-me signals 40 (Box 4), and the secretion of DAMPs51 from dying cells, as well as the exposure of CRT on anthracyclin-treated cancer cells60.”

    From Immunogenic and tolerogenic cell death (2009) · cites this paper as [40]

  • Caspases cleave and activate phospholipase A2, although this is not required for production of the lipid signal.

    “Caspases cleave and thereby activate PLA2, although this is not required for production of the lipid signal.”

    From Immunogenic and tolerogenic cell death (2009) · cites this paper as [40]

  • Lysophosphatidylcholine is one such find-me signal, produced by the action of phospholipase A2.

    “One such signal is lysophosphatidylcholine 40, which is produced by the action of phospholipase A2 (PLA2).”

    From Immunogenic and tolerogenic cell death (2009) · cites this paper as [40]

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  1. Apetoh L, Ghiringhelli F, Tesniere A, Obeid M, Ortiz C, Criollo A et al. Toll-like receptor 4-dependent contribution of the immune system to anticancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Nat Med 2007; 13: 1050-1059.

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Authors
Panaretakis, T., Joza, N., Modjtahedi, N., Tesniere, A., Vitale, I., Durchschlag, M., Fimia, G. M., Kepp, O., Piacentini, M., Froehlich, K.-U., van Endert, P., Zitvogel, L., Madeo, F., & Kroemer, G.
Affiliations
  • Inserm (FR)
  • Université Paris-Sud (FR)
  • University of Graz (AT)
  • Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani (IT)
  • University of Rome Tor Vergata (IT)
Corresponding author
Kroemer, G
Venue
Cell Death & Differentiation
Published
2008-05-09
Volume
15
Issue
9
Pages
1499-1509
ISSN
  • 1350-9047 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-5403
OpenAlex
W1991189794
Cited by
344
References
38
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 21
FWCI
10.64
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cell Death and Differentiation (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion)
  • Cineca Institutional Research Information System (Tor Vergata University) (submittedVersion)
  • IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
  • INFM-OAR (INFN Catania) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (other-oa)
Funders
  • European Commission
  • Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
  • Ministero della Salute
  • Vetenskapsrådet
  • Fondation de France
  • Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro
  • Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Keywords
calreticulin, ERp57, protein disulfide isomerase, calreticulin exposure, immunogenic cell death, chemoresistance, antitumor immunity, endoplasmic reticulum proteins, protein-protein interaction
MeSH terms
Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Antineoplastic Agents, Cell Membrane, Cells, Cultured, Female, Humans, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mitoxantrone, Molecular Sequence Data, Neoplasms, Experimental, Apoptosis, Gene Deletion, Protein Disulfide-Isomerases, Protein Transport, Calreticulin, Cell Line, Tumor, Mice

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