Cited by 118Advanced MRI Techniques and ApplicationsFunctional Brain Connectivity StudiesNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

Glutamatergic function in the resting awake human brain is supported by uniformly high oxidative energy

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Hyder, Fahmeed, Fulbright, Robert K, Shulman, Robert G, Rothman, Douglas L·2013·Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism

Abstract

Rodent (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies show that glutamatergic signaling requires high oxidative energy in the awake resting state and allowed calibration of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal in terms of energy relative to the resting energy. Here, we derived energy used for glutamatergic signaling in the awake resting human. We analyzed human data of electroencephalography (EEG), positron emission tomography (PET) maps of oxygen (CMR(O2)) and glucose (CMR(glc)) utilization, and calibrated fMRI from a variety of experimental conditions. CMR(glc) and EEG in the visual cortex were tightly coupled over several conditions, showing that the oxidative demand for signaling was four times greater than the demand for nonsignaling events in the awake state. Variations of CMR(O2) and CMR(glc) from gray-matter regions and networks were within ±10% of means, suggesting that most areas required similar energy for ubiquitously high resting activity. Human calibrated fMRI results suggest that changes of fMRI signal in cognitive studies contribute at most ±10% CMR(O2) changes from rest. The PET data of sleep, vegetative state, and anesthesia show metabolic reductions from rest, uniformly >20% across, indicating no region is selectively reduced when consciousness is lost. Future clinical investigations will benefit from using quantitative metabolic measures.

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Crossref · 10.1038/jcbfm.2012.207

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  • The best estimate for the oxygen-glucose index (OGI) in resting gray matter is around ∼5.5.

    “The best estimates for the oxygen–glucose index (OGI; OGI = CMRO2/CMRglc) in the resting brain is around ∼5.5 in gray matter (Clarke and Sokoloff, 1994; Hyder et al., 2013), very close to the ideal stoichiometry of 6.”

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Authors
Hyder, F., Fulbright, R. K., Shulman, R. G., & Rothman, D. L.
Affiliations
Yale University (US)
Corresponding author
Hyder, Fahmeed
Venue
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism
Published
2013-01-09
Volume
33
Issue
3
Pages
339-347
ISSN
  • 0271-678X (ISSN-L)
  • 1559-7016
OpenAlex
W2011551406
Cited by
117
References
94
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 4
FWCI
9.81
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute on Aging (R01AG034953)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH067528)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P30NS052519)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords
glutamatergic signaling, resting-state brain activity, cerebral oxygen consumption, brain glucose metabolism, visual cortex, sleep, vegetative state, anesthesia, brain energy metabolism, consciousness
MeSH terms
Animals, Cognition, Electroencephalography, Energy Metabolism, Female, Glutamine, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Rodentia, Visual Cortex, Wakefulness, Positron-Emission Tomography

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