Cited by 473Memory and Neural MechanismsNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchMemory Processes and Influences

Protein phosphatase 1 is a molecular constraint on learning and memory

Genoux, David, Haditsch, Ursula, Knobloch, Marlen, Michalon, Aubin, Storm, Daniel, Mansuy, Isabelle M.·2002·Nature

Abstract

Repetition in learning is a prerequisite for the formation of accurate and long-lasting memory. Practice is most effective when widely distributed over time, rather than when closely spaced or massed. But even after efficient learning, most memories dissipate with time unless frequently used. The molecular mechanisms of these time-dependent constraints on learning and memory are unknown. Here we show that protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) determines the efficacy of learning and memory by limiting acquisition and favouring memory decline. When PP1 is genetically inhibited during learning, short intervals between training episodes are sufficient for optimal performance. The enhanced learning correlates with increased phosphorylation of cyclic AMP-dependent response element binding (CREB) protein, of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and of the GluR1 subunit of the AMPA receptor; it also correlates with CREB-dependent gene expression that, in control mice, occurs only with widely distributed training. Inhibition of PP1 prolongs memory when induced after learning, suggesting that PP1 also promotes forgetting. This property may account for ageing-related cognitive decay, as old mutant animals had preserved memory. Our findings emphasize the physiological importance of PP1 as a suppressor of learning and memory, and as a potential mediator of cognitive decline during ageing.

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Crossref · 10.1038/nature00928

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  • In mice, object recognition trials separated by 15 minutes produced marked phosphorylation and activation of CREB in the hippocampus and cortex, but trials separated by 5 minutes did not.

    “One study in mice61 found marked phosphorylation and activation of CREB in the hippocampus and the cortex when object recognition trials were separated by an interval of 15 minutes but not by an interval of 5 minutes.”
  • Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) appeared necessary for this spacing effect, because PP1 inhibition allowed the shorter interval to activate CREB.

    “Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) appeared to be necessary for this spacing effect, because PP1 inhibition allowed the shorter interval to activate CREB.”

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Authors
Genoux, D., Haditsch, U., Knobloch, M., Michalon, A., Storm, D., & Mansuy, I. M.
Affiliations
  • ETH Zurich (CH)
  • University of Washington (US)
Corresponding author
Mansuy, Isabelle M.
Venue
Nature
Published
2002-08
Volume
418
Issue
6901
Pages
970-975
ISSN
  • 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-4687
OpenAlex
W1992020799
Cited by
472
References
30
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 21
FWCI
15.36
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nature (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Keywords
protein phosphatase 1, learning and memory, forgetting, memory consolidation, CREB phosphorylation, CaMKII, GluR1, AMPA receptors, cognitive decline, protein dephosphorylation
MeSH terms
Aging, Animals, Cognition, Discrimination, Psychological, Gene Expression Regulation, Hippocampus, Learning, Memory, Mice, Transgenic, Mutation, Phosphoprotein Phosphatases, Phosphorylation, Space Perception, Time Factors, Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein, Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases, Receptors, AMPA, Protein Subunits, Mice, Protein Phosphatase 1, Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2

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