Cited by 3,728Vagus Nerve Stimulation ResearchHeart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlNeuropeptides and Animal Physiology

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 79 of the 79 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The inflammatory reflex

Tracey, Kevin J.·2002·Nature

DOI 10.1038/nature01321

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Inflammation is a local, protective response to microbial invasion or injury. It must be fine-tuned and regulated precisely, because deficiencies or excesses of the inflammatory response cause morbidity and shorten lifespan. The discovery that cholinergic neurons inhibit acute inflammation has qualitatively expanded our understanding of how the nervous system modulates immune responses. The nervous system reflexively regulates the inflammatory response in real time, just as it controls heart rate and other vital functions. The opportunity now exists to apply this insight to the treatment of inflammation through selective and reversible 'hard-wired' neural systems.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/nature01321

Cites

79 of 79 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to endotoxin
Borovikova, L. V., Ivanova, S., Zhang, M., Yang, H., Botchkina, G. I., Watkins, L. R., Wang, H., Abumrad, N., Eaton, J. W., & Tracey, K. J. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35013070 · Cited by 4,211
Self-citation
HMG-1 as a Late Mediator of Endotoxin Lethality in Mice
Wang, H., Bloom, O., Zhang, M., Vishnubhakat, J. M., Ombrellino, M., Che, J., Frazier, A., Yang, H., Ivanova, S., Borovikova, L. V., et al. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.285.5425.248 · Cited by 3,386
Self-citation
Shock and Tissue Injury Induced by Recombinant Human Cachectin
Tracey, K. J., Beutler, B., Lowry, S. F., Merryweather, J., Wolpe, S., Milsark, I. W., Hariri, R. J., Fahey, T. J., Zentella, A., Albert, J. D., et al. (1986) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3764421 · Cited by 2,549
Self-citation
Anti-cachectin/TNF monoclonal antibodies prevent septic shock during lethal bacteraemia
Tracey, K. J., Fong, Y., Hesse, D. G., Manogue, K. R., Lee, A. T., Kuo, G. C., Lowry, S. F., & Cerami, A. (1987) · Nature · doi:10.1038/330662a0 · Cited by 2,448 · cited 1×
“Inflammation mediated by TNF Tumour-necrosis factor (TNF), a cytokine with a relative molecular mass of 17,000 ( M r 17K), is produced by activated macrophages in response to pathogens and other injurious stimuli, and is a necessary and sufficient mediator of local and systemic inflammatio”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Role of Transcriptional Activation of IκBα in Mediation of Immunosuppression by Glucocorticoids
Scheinman, R. I., Cogswell, P. C., Lofquist, A. K., & Baldwin, A. S. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.270.5234.283 · Cited by 1,676
Immunoregulatory Feedback Between Interleukin-1 and Glucocorticoid Hormones
Besedovsky, H., del Rey, A., Sorkin, E., & Dinarello, C. A. (1986) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3014662 · Cited by 1,519
High Mobility Group 1 Protein (Hmg-1) Stimulates Proinflammatory Cytokine Synthesis in Human Monocytes
Andersson, U., Wang, H., Palmblad, K., Aveberger, A.-C., Bloom, O., Erlandsson-Harris, H., Janson, A., Kokkola, R., Zhang, M., Yang, H., et al. (2000) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.192.4.565 · Cited by 1,401
Self-citation
Functional and chemical anatomy of the afferent vagal system
Berthoud, H.-R., & Neuhuber, W. L. (2000) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s1566-0702(00)00215-0 · Cited by 1,280
Neuroendocrine Regulation of Immunity
Webster, J. I., Tonelli, L., & Sternberg, E. M. (2002) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.082401.104914 · Cited by 957
Deactivation of macrophages by transforming growth factor-β
Tsunawaki, S., Sporn, M. B., Ding, A. H., & Nathan, C. (1988) · Nature · doi:10.1038/334260a0 · Cited by 862

Show all 79 references

Research works printed but not linked: 3

Metal'nikov, S. a. V. C. Role des reflexes conditionnels dans l'immunite. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 40, 893–900 (1926).
Ader R. & Cohen, N. in Psychoneuroimmunology (eds Ader R., Felten, D. L. & Cohen, N) 3–34 (Academic, San Diego, 2001).
Zachariae, R. in Psychoneuroimmunology (eds Ader R., Felten, D. L. & Cohen, N.) 133–160 (Academic, San Diego, 2001).

Sorted by citations

Items 401–500 of 1,014

Does the vagus nerve inform the brain about preclinical tumours and modulate them?
Gidron, Y., Perry, V. H., & Glennie, M. J. (2005) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(05)70096-6 · Cited by 118
A neuro-immune model of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
Morris, G., & Maes, M. (2013) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-012-9324-8 · Cited by 117
Application of materials as medical devices with localized drug delivery capabilities for enhanced wound repair
Lee, E. J., Huh, B. K., Kim, S. N., Lee, J. Y., Park, C. G., Mikos, A. G., & Choy, Y. B. (2017) · Progress in Materials Science · doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2017.06.003 · Cited by 117
The autonomic nervous system in septic shock and its role as a future therapeutic target: a narrative review
Carrara, M., Ferrario, M., Pinto, B. B., & Herpain, A. (2021) · Annals of Intensive Care · doi:10.1186/s13613-021-00869-7 · Cited by 118
Substance P signaling mediates BMP-dependent heterotopic ossification
Kan, L., Lounev, V. Y., Pignolo, R. J., Duan, L., Liu, Y., Stock, S. R., McGuire, T. L., Lu, B., Gerard, N. P., Shore, E. M., et al. (2011) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.23259 · Cited by 116
Sensory neuron regulation of gastrointestinal inflammation and bacterial host defence
Lai, N. Y., Mills, K. R., & Chiu, I. M. (2017) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.12591 · Cited by 116
Sleep and autonomic nervous system
Zoccoli, G., & Amici, R. (2020) · Current Opinion in Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.cophys.2020.01.002 · Cited by 116
Stress and animal models of inflammatory bowel disease—An update on the role of the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis
Reber, S. O. (2011) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.05.014 · Cited by 116
Perinatal stress and early life programming of lung structure and function
Wright, R. J. (2010) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.01.007 · Cited by 115
The Microbiota-Gut-Immune-Glia (MGIG) Axis in Major Depression
Rudzki, L., & Maes, M. H. J. (2020) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-020-01961-y · Cited by 115
Acupuncture modulates spontaneous activities in the anticorrelated resting brain networks
Bai, L., Qin, W., Tian, J., Dong, M., Pan, X., Chen, P., Dai, J., Yang, W., & Liu, Y. (2009) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.04.056 · Cited by 115
Spleen Vagal Denervation Inhibits the Production of Antibodies to Circulating Antigens
Buijs, R. M., van der Vliet, J., Garidou, M.-L., Huitinga, I., & Escobar, C. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003152 · Cited by 115
Non-neuronal cholinergic system in regulation of immune function with a focus on α7 nAChRs
Kawashima, K., Fujii, T., Moriwaki, Y., Misawa, H., & Horiguchi, K. (2015) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2015.04.015 · Cited by 115
Exercise training improves autonomic function and inflammatory pattern in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Giallauria, F., Palomba, S., Maresca, L., Vuolo, L., Tafuri, D., Lombardi, G., Colao, A., Vigorito, C., & Orio, F. (2008) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03305.x · Cited by 115
From psychological moments to mortality: a multidisciplinary synthesis on heart rate variability spanning the continuum of time
Kemp, A. H., Koenig, J., & Thayer, J. F. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.09.006 · Cited by 114
Recognizing the role of the vagus nerve in depression from microbiota-gut brain axis
Tan, C., Yan, Q., Ma, Y., Fang, J., & Yang, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.1015175 · Cited by 120
Contribution of Impaired Parasympathetic Activity to Right Ventricular Dysfunction and Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Bós, D. D. S. G., van der Bruggen, C. E. E., Kurakula, K., Sun, X., Casali, K. R., Casali, A. G., Rol, N., Szulcek, R., dos Remedios, C. G., Guignabert, C., et al. (2017) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.117.027451 · Cited by 113
Vagus nerve integrity and experimental colitis
Ghia, J., Blennerhassett, P. A., & Collins, S. M. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00098.2007 · Cited by 113
The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in humans: State-of-the-art review and future directions
Alen, N. V. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104622 · Cited by 112
The Impact of Mental Stress on Cardiovascular Health—Part II
Henein, M. Y., Vancheri, S., Longo, G., & Vancheri, F. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11154405 · Cited by 112
Targeting α-7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor in the Enteric Nervous System
Costantini, T. W., Krzyżaniak, M., Cheadle, G. A., Putnam, J. G., Hageny, A., Lopez, N., Eliceiri, B. P., Bansal, V., & Coimbra, R. S. M. (2012) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.04.005 · Cited by 112
Association Between Resting Heart Rate and Inflammatory Biomarkers (High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin-6, and Fibrinogen) (from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis)
Whelton, S. P., Narla, V., Blaha, M. J., Nasir, K., Blumenthal, R. S., Jenny, N. S., Al-Mallah, M. H., & Michos, E. D. (2013) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.11.009 · Cited by 112
Hyperoxia and the Immature Brain
Reich, B., Hoeber, D., Bendix, I., & Felderhoff‐Mueser, U. (2016) · Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1159/000454917 · Cited by 112
Perceived stress correlates with visceral obesity and lipid parameters of the metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Tenk, J., Mátrai, P., Hegyi, P. J., Rostás, I., Garami, A., Szabó, I., Hartmann, P., Pétervári, E., Czopf, L., Hussain, A., et al. (2018) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.05.014 · Cited by 111
The Effects of Noninvasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Fatigue and Immune Responses in Patients With Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome
Tarn, J. R., Legg, S., Mitchell, S., Simon, B. J., & Ng, W. (2018) · Neuromodulation Technology at the Neural Interface · doi:10.1111/ner.12879 · Cited by 111
Electroacupuncture regulates inflammatory cytokines by activating the vagus nerve to enhance antitumor immunity in mice with breast tumors
Zhang, Z., Yu, Q.-Q., Zhang, X.-N., Wang, X., Su, Y., He, W., Li, J., Wan, Y., & Jing, X. (2021) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119259 · Cited by 111
Cardiovascular Abnormalities in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
Brown, A. D. H., Barton, D. A., & Lambert, G. W. (2009) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200923070-00004 · Cited by 111
The relationships among heart rate variability, inflammatory markers and depression in coronary heart disease patients
Frasure‐Smith, N., Lespérance, F., Irwin, M. R., Talajic, M. R., & Pollock, B. G. (2009) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2009.07.005 · Cited by 111
Immunologic Role of the Cholinergic Anti‐Inflammatory Pathway and the Nicotinic Acetylcholine α7 Receptor
Gallowitsch‐Puerta, M., & Tracey, K. J. (2005) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1358.024 · Cited by 111
Self-citation
STIMULATION OF α7 NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR INHIBITS CD14 AND THE TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 4 EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONOCYTES
Hamano, R., Takahashi, H. K., Iwagaki, H., Yoshino, T., Nishibori, M., & Tanaka, N. (2006) · Shock · doi:10.1097/01.shk.0000228168.86845.60 · Cited by 111
Brain Region-Specific Alterations in the Gene Expression of Cytokines, Immune Cell Markers and Cholinergic System Components during Peripheral Endotoxin-Induced Inflammation
Silverman, H. A., Dancho, M. E., Regnier‐Golanov, A., Nasim, M. M., Ochani, M., Olofsson, P. S., Ahmed, M., Miller, E. J., Chavan, S. S., Golanov, E. V., et al. (2014) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.2119/molmed.2014.00147 · Cited by 111
Self-citation
Dexmedetomidine and Clonidine
Pichot, C., GHIGNONE, M., & Quintin, L. (2011) · Journal of Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1177/0885066610396815 · Cited by 110
Neuroimmune Regulation of Ventilator-induced Lung Injury
dos Santos, C. C., Shan, Y., Akram, A., Slutsky, A. S., & Haitsma, J. J. (2010) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201002-0314oc · Cited by 110
Mechanisms of Aging and Liver Functions
Gagliano, N., Grizzi, F., & Annoni, G. (2007) · Digestive Diseases · doi:10.1159/000099475 · Cited by 110
The intestinal cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway
Goverse, G., Stakenborg, M., & Matteoli, G. (2016) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp271537 · Cited by 109
Beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA on chronic airway inflammatory diseases
Giudetti, A. M., & Cagnazzo, R. (2012) · Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators · doi:10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2012.09.006 · Cited by 109
Muscularis macrophages: Key players in intestinal homeostasis and disease
Schepper, S. D., Stakenborg, N., Matteoli, G., Verheijden, S., & Boeckxstaens, G. E. (2017) · Cellular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.12.009 · Cited by 109
Aerobic exercise attenuates inducible TNF production in humans
Sloan, R. P., Shapiro, P. A., DeMeersman, R. E., McKinley, P. S., Tracey, K. J., Slavov, I., Fang, Y., & Flood, P. D. (2007) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00147.2007 · Cited by 109
Self-citation
Progressive multiple sclerosis
Bradl, M., & Lassmann, H. (2009) · Seminars in Immunopathology · doi:10.1007/s00281-009-0182-3 · Cited by 108
The Brain-Gut Axis in Health and Disease
Omran, Y. A., & Aziz, Q. (2014) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0897-4_6 · Cited by 109
Risk for Incident Hypertension Associated With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Military Veterans and the Effect of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Treatment
Burg, M. M., Brandt, C., Buta, E., Schwartz, J. E., Bathulapalli, H., Dziura, J., Edmondson, D. E., & Haskell, S. G. (2016) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000376 · Cited by 108
The solithromycin journey—It is all in the chemistry
FERNANDES, P. B., Martens, E., Bertrand, D., & Pereira, D. W. (2016) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2016.08.035 · Cited by 107
Accelerated immunosenescence in rheumatoid arthritis: impact on clinical progression
Bauer, M. E. (2020) · Immunity & Ageing · doi:10.1186/s12979-020-00178-w · Cited by 107
Bioelectronic medicine: Preclinical insights and clinical advances
Pavlov, V. A., & Tracey, K. J. (2022) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2022.09.003 · Cited by 110
Self-citation
Inactivity and Inflammation in the Critically Ill Patient
Winkelman, C. (2007) · Critical Care Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2006.11.002 · Cited by 107
Autonomic cardiac control of very preterm newborns: A prolonged dysfunction
Patural, H., Pichot, V., Jaziri, F., Teyssier, G., Gaspoz, J., Roche, F., & Barthélemy, J. (2008) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.04.010 · Cited by 107
Cholinergic status modulations in human volunteers under acute inflammation
Ofek, K., Krabbe, K. S., Evron, T., Debecco, M., Nielsen, A. R., Brunnsgaad, H., Yirmiya, R., Soreq, H., & Pedersen, B. K. (2007) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00109-007-0226-x · Cited by 107
Sympathetic overactivity in active ulcerative colitis: effects of clonidine
Furlan, R., Ardizzone, S., Palazzolo, L., Rimoldi, A., Perego, F., Barbic, F., Bevilacqua, M. T., Vago, L., Porro, G. B., & Malliani, A. (2005) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00442.2005 · Cited by 107
Sex differences in how inflammation affects behavior: what we can learn from experimental inflammatory models in humans
Lasselin, J., Lekander, M., Axelsson, J., & Karshikoff, B. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.06.005 · Cited by 106
Depressed DHEA and increased sickness response behaviors in lame dairy cows with inflammatory foot lesions
de Almeida, P. E., Weber, P. S. D., Burton, J. L., & Zanella, A. J. (2007) · Domestic Animal Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2006.11.006 · Cited by 106
Stress-induced remodeling of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons
McEwen, B. S. (2016) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2015.12.043 · Cited by 105
The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Acupuncture and Their Relevance to Allergic Rhinitis: A Narrative Review and Proposed Model
McDonald, J. L., Cripps, A. W., Smith, P. K., Smith, C. A., Xue, C. C., & Golianu, B. J. (2013) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2013/591796 · Cited by 105
Favorable Neurocognitive Outcome with Low Tidal Volume Ventilation after Cardiac Arrest
Beitler, J. R., Ghafouri, T. B., Jinadasa, S. P., Mueller, A., Hsu, L., Anderson, R. J., Joshua, J., Tyagi, S. K., Malhotra, A., Sell, R., et al. (2017) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201609-1771oc · Cited by 105
Magnesium and liver disease
Liu, M., Yang, H., & Mao, Y. (2019) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm.2019.09.70 · Cited by 105
Nicotine Inhibits Microglial Proliferation and Is Neuroprotective in Global Ischemia Rats
Guan, Y., Jin, X., Guan, L.-X., Yan, H., Wang, P., Gong, Z., Li, S.-J., Cao, X., Xing, Y., & Gao, T. (2014) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-014-8825-3 · Cited by 105
IN SILICO MODELS OF ACUTE INFLAMMATION IN ANIMALS
Yoram Vodovotz, B., Chow, C. C., Bartels, J. D., Lagoa, C., Prince, J. M., Levy, R. M., Kumar, R., Day, J., Rubin, J. E., Constantine, G. M., et al. (2006) · Shock · doi:10.1097/01.shk.0000225413.13866.fo · Cited by 105
Excitation properties of the right cervical vagus nerve in adult dogs
Castoro, M. A., Yoo, P. B., Hincapie, J. G., Hamann, J. J., Ruble, S. B., Wolf, P. D., & Grill, W. M. (2010) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.09.011 · Cited by 104
Postoperative Ileus: Pathophysiology, Current Therapeutic Approaches
Stakenborg, N., Gomez‐Pinilla, P. J., & Boeckxstaens, G. E. (2016) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/164_2016_108 · Cited by 104
Neuroinflammation in heart failure: new insights for an old disease
Díaz, H. S., Toledo, C., Andrade, D. C., Marcus, N. J., & Río, R. D. (2019) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp278864 · Cited by 104
Music, mental health, and immunity
Rebecchini, L. (2021) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100374 · Cited by 104
Nonresolving inflammation redux
Nathan, C. (2022) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2022.03.016 · Cited by 103
A Mouse Model of Hereditary Pancreatitis Generated by Transgenic Expression of R122H Trypsinogen
Archer, H., Jura, N., Keller, J. C., Jacobson, M. D., & Bar‐Sagi, D. (2006) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.09.049 · Cited by 104
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors reduce brain and blood interleukin‐1β production
Pollak, Y., Gilboa-Geffen, A., Menachem-Zidon, O. B., Ben‐Hur, T., Soreq, H., & Yirmiya, R. (2005) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20454 · Cited by 104
Baroreceptor Modulation of the Cardiovascular System, Pain, Consciousness, and Cognition
Suárez-Roca, H., Mamoun, N. F., Sigurdsson, M. I., & Maixner, W. D. (2021) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c190038 · Cited by 105
New therapeutic strategies for postoperative ileus
van Bree, S. H. W., Némethova, A., Cailotto, C., Gomez‐Pinilla, P. J., Matteoli, G., & Boeckxstaens, G. E. (2012) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2012.134 · Cited by 103
Loss of vagal anti-inflammatory effect: in vivo visualization and adoptive transfer
O’Mahony, C., van der Kleij, H. P. M., Bienenstock, J., Shanahan, F., & O’Mahony, L. (2009) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.90904.2008 · Cited by 103
Cholinergic Pathway Suppresses Pulmonary Innate Immunity Facilitating Pneumonia After Stroke
Engel, O., Akyüz, L., Gonçalves, A. C. D. C., Winek, K., Dames, C., Thielke, M., Herold, S., Böttcher, C., Priller, J., Volk, H., et al. (2015) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.115.008989 · Cited by 103
It takes nerve to fight back: The significance of neural innervation of the bone marrow and spleen for immune function
Jung, W., Lévesque, J.-P., & Ruitenberg, M. J. (2016) · Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.08.010 · Cited by 102
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors targeting the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway: a new therapeutic perspective in aging-related disorders
Benfante, R., Lascio, S. D., Cardani, S., & Fornasari, D. (2019) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-019-01359-4 · Cited by 102
Association of statin therapy and increased survival in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
Schmidt, H., Hennen, R., Keller, A., Ruß, M., Müller‐Werdan, U., Werdan, K., & Buerke, M. (2006) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-006-0246-y · Cited by 102
Dose titration of FITC-D for optimal measurement of enteric inflammation in broiler chicks
Vicuña, E. A., Kuttappan, V. A., Tellez, G., Hernández-Velasco, X., Galarza-Seeber, R., Latorre, J. D., Faulkner, O. B., Wolfenden, A. D., Hargis, B. M., & Bielke, L. R. (2015) · Poultry Science · doi:10.3382/ps/pev111 · Cited by 102
Cholinergic Activity as a New Target in Diseases of the Heart
Roy, A., Guatimosim, S., Prado, V. F., Gros, R., & Prado, M. A. M. (2014) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.2119/molmed.2014.00125 · Cited by 102
Acetylcholine regulation of synoviocyte cytokine expression by the α7 nicotinic receptor
Waldburger, J., Boyle, D. L., Pavlov, V. A., Tracey, K. J., & Firestein, G. S. (2008) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.23987 · Cited by 101
Self-citation
Protective Effect of Fragaria ananassa Crude Extract on Cadmium-Induced Lipid Peroxidation, Antioxidant Enzymes Suppression, and Apoptosis in Rat Testes
Elmallah, M. I. Y., El‐Khadragy, M. F., Al-Olayan, E. M., & Moneim, A. E. A. (2017) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms18050957 · Cited by 101
Acetylcholine production by group 2 innate lymphoid cells promotes mucosal immunity to helminths
Roberts, L. B., Schnoeller, C., Berkachy, R., Darby, M., Pillaye, J., Oudhoff, M. J., Parmar, N., Mackowiak, C., Sedda, D., Quesniaux, V. F. J., et al. (2021) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.abd0359 · Cited by 101
HMGB1 released from nociceptors mediates inflammation
Yang, H., Zeng, Q., Silverman, H. A., Gunasekaran, M., George, S. J., Devarajan, A., Addorisio, M. E., Li, J., Tsaava, T., Shah, V. D., et al. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2102034118 · Cited by 101
Self-citation
Anesthesia drugs, immunity, and long-term outcome
Homburger, J., & Meiler, S. E. L. (2006) · Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology · doi:10.1097/01.aco.0000236143.61593.14 · Cited by 101
Metabolic syndrome and short‐term heart rate variability in young adults
Koskinen, T., Kähönen, M. A. P., Jula, A., Mattsson, N., Laitinen, T. P., Keltikangas‐Järvinen, L., Viikari, J., Välimäki, I., Rönnemaa, T., & Raitakari, O. T. (2009) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02686.x · Cited by 101
Distinct Pharmacologic Properties of Neuromuscular Blocking Agents on Human Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors
Fagerlund, M. J., Gurley, D. A., Dabrowski, M. A., Larsson, O., Johnson, E. C., & Eriksson, L. I. (2006) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-200609000-00016 · Cited by 101
CD4+ T-Cell Modulation of Visceral Nociception in Mice
Verma–Gandhu, M., Berčík, P., Motomura, Y., Verdu, E. F., Khan, W. I., Blennerhassett, P. A., Wang, L., El–Sharkawy, R. T., & Collins, S. M. (2006) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.01.045 · Cited by 101
Mind and heart: Heart rate variability in major depressive disorder and coronary heart disease - a review and recommendations
Stapelberg, N. J. C., Hamilton‐Craig, I. R., Neumann, D. L., Shum, D., & McConnell, H. W. (2012) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867412444624 · Cited by 101
From the Bottom-Up: Chemotherapy and Gut-Brain Axis Dysregulation
Bajic, J. E., Johnston, I. N., Howarth, G. S., & Hutchinson, M. R. (2018) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00104 · Cited by 100
Brain effects of melanocortins☆
BERTOLINI, A., Tacchi, R., & Vergoni, A. V. (2008) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2008.10.005 · Cited by 100
Salmonella and Reactive Oxygen Species: A Love-Hate Relationship
Rhen, M. (2019) · Journal of Innate Immunity · doi:10.1159/000496370 · Cited by 100
Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Refractory Epilepsy: Effects on Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Peripheral Blood
Majoie, M., Rijkers, K., Berfelo, M. W., Hulsman, J. A. R. J., Myint, A.-M., Schwarz, M., & Vles, J. S. H. (2010) · NeuroImmunoModulation · doi:10.1159/000315530 · Cited by 100
Effects of atorvastatin on the inflammation regulation and elimination of subdural hematoma in rats
Li, T., Wang, D., Tian, Y., Yu, H., Wang, Y., Quan, W., Cui, W., Zhou, L., Chen, J., Jiang, R., et al. (2014) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2014.04.009 · Cited by 100
Coronary endothelial dysfunction in patients with early coronary artery disease is associated with the increase in intravascular lipid core plaque†
Choi, B., Prasad, A., Gulati, R., Best, P. J. M., Lennon, R. J., Barsness, G. W., Lerman, L. O., & Lerman, A. (2013) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht132 · Cited by 100
Chronic Inflammation in Peritoneal Dialysis: The Search for the Holy Grail?
Pecoits‐Filho, R., Stenvinkel, P., Wang, A. Y.-M., Heimbürger, O., & Lindholm, B. (2004) · Peritoneal Dialysis International · doi:10.1177/089686080402400407 · Cited by 100
Whole blood cytokine attenuation by cholinergic agonists ex vivo and relationship to vagus nerve activity in rheumatoid arthritis
Bruchfeld, A., Goldstein, R. S., Chavan, S., Patel, N. B., Rosas‐Ballina, M., Kohn, N., Qureshi, A. R., & Tracey, K. J. (2010) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2010.02226.x · Cited by 99
Self-citation
Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Risk of Incident Atrial Fibrillation: A Cohort Study
Monrad, M., Sajadieh, A., Christensen, J. S., Ketzel, M., Raaschou‐Nielsen, O., Tjønneland, A. M., Overvad, K., Loft, S. H., & Sørensen, M. (2016) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp392 · Cited by 99
Nicotinic Cholinergic System and COVID-19: In Silico Identification of an Interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and Nicotinic Receptors with Potential Therapeutic Targeting Implications
Farsalinos, K. E., Eliopoulos, E., Leonidas, D. D., Papadopoulos, G. E., Tzartos, S. J., & Poulas, K. A. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21165807 · Cited by 99
Anti‐neuroinflammation effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation against depression‐like behaviors via hypothalamic α7nAchR / JAK2 / STAT3 / NF‐κB pathway in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress
Chen, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Li, S., Wang, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhang, J., Xin, C., Wang, Y., & Rong, P. (2023) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.14207 · Cited by 99
Neural Substrates for Behaviorally Conditioned Immunosuppression in the Rat
Pacheco‐López, G., Niemi, M., Kou, W., Härting, M., Fandrey, J., & Schedlowski, M. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4230-04.2005 · Cited by 99
Seizure duration following sarin exposure affects neuro-inflammatory markers in the rat brain
Chapman, S., Kadar, T., & Gilat, E. (2006) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2005.11.009 · Cited by 99
Changes and Regulation of the C5a Receptor on Neutrophils during Septic Shock in Humans
Unnewehr, H., Rittirsch, D., Sarma, J. V., Zetoune, F. S., Flierl, M. A., Perl, M., Denk, S., Weiß, M., Schneider, M. E., Monk, P. N., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1200534 · Cited by 99
Placebo mechanisms across different conditions: from the clinical setting to physical performance
Pollo, A., Carlino, E., & Benedetti, F. (2011) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0381 · Cited by 99
The splanchnic anti‐inflammatory pathway: could it be the efferent arm of the inflammatory reflex?
Martelli, D., Farmer, D., & Yao, S. T. (2016) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep085559 · Cited by 99
ACTIVATION OF THE CHOLINERGIC ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PATHWAY REDUCES NF-κB ACTIVATION, BLUNTS TNF-α PRODUCTION, AND PROTECTS AGAINTS SPLANCHIC ARTERY OCCLUSION SHOCK
Altavilla, D., Guarini, S., Bitto, A., Mioni, C., Giuliani, D., Bigiani, A., Squadrito, G., Minutoli, L., Venuti, F. S., Messineo, F., et al. (2006) · Shock · doi:10.1097/01.shk.0000209539.91553.82 · Cited by 98
Abdominal vagus nerve stimulation as a new therapeutic approach to prevent postoperative ileus
Stakenborg, N., Wolthuis, A. M., Gomez‐Pinilla, P. J., Farro, G., Giovangiulio, M. D., Bosmans, G., Labeeuw, E., Verhaegen, M., Depoortere, I., D’Hoore, A. J. L., et al. (2017) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.13075 · Cited by 98
Cholinergic Control of Inflammation, Metabolic Dysfunction, and Cognitive Impairment in Obesity-Associated Disorders: Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutic Opportunities
Chang, E. H., Chavan, S. S., & Pavlov, V. A. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00263 · Cited by 98

Authors: Tracey, K. J.
Affiliations: Northwell Health (US)
Corresponding author: Tracey, Kevin J.
ORCID: Tracey, Kevin J.
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2002-12
Volume: 420
Issue: 6917
Pages: 853-859
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/nature01321
OpenAlex: W1995525413
Cited by: 3,728
References: 79
Citations by year: 2026: 264 · 2025: 197 · 2024: 177 · 2023: 172 · 2022: 208 · 2021: 204 · 2020: 179 · 2019: 180 · 2018: 160 · 2017: 150 · 2016: 161 · 2015: 150 · 2014: 162 · 2013: 171 · 2012: 157
FWCI: 6.89
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Keywords: cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, cholinergic neurons, neuroimmune regulation, acute inflammation, inflammation treatment
MeSH terms: Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humans, Inflammation, Nervous System Physiological Phenomena, Reflex, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Vagus Nerve

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The inflammatory reflex

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks