Cited by 3,728Vagus Nerve Stimulation ResearchHeart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlNeuropeptides and Animal Physiology

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The inflammatory reflex

Tracey, Kevin J.·2002·Nature

DOI 10.1038/nature01321

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Abstract

Inflammation is a local, protective response to microbial invasion or injury. It must be fine-tuned and regulated precisely, because deficiencies or excesses of the inflammatory response cause morbidity and shorten lifespan. The discovery that cholinergic neurons inhibit acute inflammation has qualitatively expanded our understanding of how the nervous system modulates immune responses. The nervous system reflexively regulates the inflammatory response in real time, just as it controls heart rate and other vital functions. The opportunity now exists to apply this insight to the treatment of inflammation through selective and reversible 'hard-wired' neural systems.

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Retracted

Authors: Tracey, K. J.
Affiliations: Northwell Health (US)
Corresponding author: Tracey, Kevin J.
ORCID: Tracey, Kevin J.
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2002-12
Volume: 420
Issue: 6917
Pages: 853-859
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/nature01321
OpenAlex: W1995525413
Cited by: 3,728
References: 79
Citations by year: 2026: 264 · 2025: 197 · 2024: 177 · 2023: 172 · 2022: 208 · 2021: 204 · 2020: 179 · 2019: 180 · 2018: 160 · 2017: 150 · 2016: 161 · 2015: 150 · 2014: 162 · 2013: 171 · 2012: 157
FWCI: 6.89
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Keywords: cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, cholinergic neurons, neuroimmune regulation, acute inflammation, inflammation treatment
MeSH terms: Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humans, Inflammation, Nervous System Physiological Phenomena, Reflex, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Vagus Nerve

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