Oxygen and hydrogen isotope evidence for a temperate climate 3.42 billion years ago
Abstract
Stable oxygen isotope ratios (delta(18)O) of Precambrian cherts have been used to establish much of our understanding of the early climate history of Earth and suggest that ocean temperatures during the Archaean era ( approximately 3.5 billion years ago) were between 55 degrees C and 85 degrees C (ref. 2). But, because of uncertainty in the delta(18)O of the primitive ocean, there is considerable debate regarding this conclusion. Examination of modern and ancient cherts indicates that another approach, using a combined analysis of delta(18)O and hydrogen isotopes (deltaD) rather than delta(18)O alone, can provide a firmer constraint on formational temperatures without independent knowledge of the isotopic composition of ambient waters. Here we show that delta(18)O and deltaD sampled from 3.42-billion-year-old Buck Reef Chert rocks in South Africa are consistent with formation from waters at varied low temperatures. The most (18)O-enriched Buck Reef Chert rocks record the lowest diagenetic temperatures and were formed in equilibrium with waters below approximately 40 degrees C. Geochemical and sedimentary evidence suggests that the Buck Reef Chert was formed in shallow to deep marine conditions, so our results indicate that the Palaeoarchaean ocean was isotopically depleted relative to the modern ocean and far cooler (<or=40 degrees C) than previously thought.
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Combined O and H isotope ratios have suggested surface temperatures <40°C.
“Combined O and H isotope ratios have suggested surface temperatures <40°C (52), while O isotopes in Archean phosphates have produced 26° to 35°C upper limits (53).”
From The Archean atmosphere (2020) · cites this paper as [52]
Early Earth's environment might have been more temperate than traditionally thought.
“However, with a faint young sun, the surface of the early Earth may have been cold enough for significant ocean ice to form (Kienert et al. 2012;Feulner 2012), and the environment of the early Earth may have been more temperate than the traditional model suggests (Hren et al. 2009;Vincent et al. 2004).”
From Environmental Adaptation from the Origin of Life to the Last Universal Common Ancestor (2018) · cites this paper as Hren et al. 2009
The early Earth could have provided a range of environmental niches stable for millions of years.
“Recent work suggesting that the early Earth was more temperate (Valley et al. 2002;Hren et al. 2009), and the flux of impactors smaller and less damaging than previously thought (Boehnke and Harrison 2016;Abramov and Mojzsis 2009) predicts that, as a whole, the early Earth could have provided a range of environmental niches stable for millions of years.”
From Environmental Adaptation from the Origin of Life to the Last Universal Common Ancestor (2018) · cites this paper as Hren et al. 2009
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“Isotopic analysis of Archean minerals and rocks has found that Archean seawater has a δD value lower than that of present-day oceans, which has been interpreted as a signature of water loss caused by the hydrogen escape (Hren et al., 2009; Pope et al., 2012).”
BackgroundResultNucleic Acid Catalysis under Potential Prebiotic Conditions
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High Organic Burial Efficiency Is Required to Explain Mass Balance in Earth's Early Carbon Cycle
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Geology, Life, and Habitability
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- Authors
- Hren, M. T., Tice, M. M., & Chamberlain, C. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Texas A&M University (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hren, M. T.
- Tice, M. M.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2009-11
- Volume
- 462
- Issue
- 7270
- Pages
- 205-208
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1987288872
- Cited by
- 186
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 6.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Keywords
- oxygen isotopes, hydrogen isotopes, Precambrian cherts, early Earth climate, paleoclimate reconstruction, diagenesis
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