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Impact of caloric restriction on health and survival in rhesus monkeys from the NIA study
Open accessAbstract
Calorie restriction (CR), a reduction of 10–40% in intake of a nutritious diet, is often reported as the most robust non-genetic mechanism to extend lifespan and healthspan. CR is frequently used as a tool to understand mechanisms behind ageing and age-associated diseases. In addition to and independently of increasing lifespan, CR has been reported to delay or prevent the occurrence of many chronic diseases in a variety of animals. Beneficial effects of CR on outcomes such as immune function, motor coordination and resistance to sarcopenia in rhesus monkeys have recently been reported. We report here that a CR regimen implemented in young and older age rhesus monkeys at the National Institute on Aging (NIA) has not improved survival outcomes. Our findings contrast with an ongoing study at the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (WNPRC), which reported improved survival associated with 30% CR initiated in adult rhesus monkeys (7–14 years) and a preliminary report with a small number of CR monkeys. Over the years, both NIA and WNPRC have extensively documented beneficial health effects of CR in these two apparently parallel studies. The implications of the WNPRC findings were important as they extended CR findings beyond the laboratory rodent and to a long-lived primate. Our study suggests a separation between health effects, morbidity and mortality, and similar to what has been shown in rodents, study design, husbandry and diet composition may strongly affect the life-prolonging effect of CR in a long-lived nonhuman primate.
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“dietary restriction has been the most effective strategy to demonstrate an increase in lifespan across a whole range of investigated species, including nonhuman primates”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Mattison et al., 2012
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“dietary restriction (DR) increases lifespan or healthspan in all investigated eukaryote species, including unicellular and multicellular organisms of several distinct phyla, including non-human primates”
From The Hallmarks of Aging (2013) · cites this paper as Mattison et al., 2012
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“and is established to increase healthy lifespan in multiple species8,9.”
From Effect of long-term caloric restriction on DNA methylation measures of biological aging in healthy adults from the CALERIE trial (2023) · cites this paper as [9]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Two studies have addressed the effects of CR on non-human primates, but with different outcomes. One study observed prolonged life (Colman et al., 2009) while the other did not (Mattison et al., 2012).”
From The Search for Antiaging Interventions: From Elixirs to Fasting Regimens (2014) · cites this paper as Mattison et al., 2012
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“In contrast, the healthier ad libitum diet in the NIA study (Mattison et al., 2012) allowed for longer lifespan in control animals without conferring additional benefit from CR.”
From The Search for Antiaging Interventions: From Elixirs to Fasting Regimens (2014) · cites this paper as Mattison et al., 2012
In the citing paper
“However, both studies point to the fact that CR increases healthspan in monkeys by reducing the risk for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.”
From The Search for Antiaging Interventions: From Elixirs to Fasting Regimens (2014) · cites this paper as Mattison et al., 2012
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Cites
Survival analysis using sas®: a practical guide
Allison, P. D. (1995) · International Linear Collider · Cited by 3,570
Caloric Restriction Delays Disease Onset and Mortality in Rhesus Monkeys
Colman, R. J., Anderson, R. M., Johnson, S. C., Kastman, E. K., Kosmatka, K. J., Beasley, T. M., Allison, D. B., Cruzen, C., Simmons, H. A., Kemnitz, J. W., et al. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1173635 · Cited by 2,277
Self-citationBjelakovic, G., Nikolova, D., Gluud, L. L., Simonetti, R. G., & Gluud, C. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.297.8.842 · Cited by 2,275
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Aging in Rhesus Monkeys: Relevance to Human Health Interventions
Roth, G. S., Mattison, J. A., Ottinger, M. A., Chachich, M. E., Lane, M. A., & Ingram, D. K. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1102541 · Cited by 354
Self-citation“Control” laboratory rodents are metabolically morbid: Why it matters
Martin, B., Ji, S., Maudsley, S., & Mattson, M. P. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0912955107 · Cited by 354
Caloric Restriction in Humans: Impact on Physiological, Psychological, and Behavioral Outcomes
Redman, L. M., & Ravussin, É. (2010) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2010.3253 · Cited by 348
Calorie restriction and prevention of age‐associated chronic disease
Omodei, D., & Fontana, L. (2011) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2011.03.015 · Cited by 293
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Bodkin, N. L., Alexander, T. M., Ortmeyer, H. K., Johnson, E., & Hansen, B. C. (2003) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/58.3.b212 · Cited by 250
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Roth, G. S. et al. Age-related changes in androgen levels of rhesus monkeys subjected to diet restriction. Endocr. J. 1, 227–234 (1993)
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López-Otín, C., Blasco, M. A., Partridge, L., Serrano, M., & Kroemer, G. (2013) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.039 · Cited by 14,982
Cryan, J. F., O'Riordan, K. J., Cowan, C. S. M., Sandhu, K. V., Bastiaanssen, T. F. S., Boehme, M., Codagnone, M. G., Cussotto, S., Fulling, C., Golubeva, A. V., et al. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00018.2018 · Cited by 5,286
Effects of intermittent fasting on health, aging, and disease
de Cabo, R., & Mattson, M. P. (2019) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1905136 · Cited by 1,605
Facing up to the global challenges of ageing
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Metadata
- Authors
- Mattison, J. A., Roth, G. S., Beasley, T. M., Tilmont, E. M., Handy, A. M., Herbert, R. L., Longo, D. L., Allison, D. B., Young, J. E., Bryant, M., Barnard, D., Ward, W. F., Qi, W., Ingram, D. K., & de Cabo, R.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mattison, Julie A.
- Ingram, Donald K.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2012-08-29
- Volume
- 489
- Issue
- 7415
- Pages
- 318-321
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC3832985
- OpenAlex
- W2053493267
- Cited by
- 1,145
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 103 · 2020: 79 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 88 · 2017: 105 · 2016: 86 · 2015: 124 · 2014: 119 · 2013: 140 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 42.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (ZIAAG000371)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK056336)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Dietary Effects on Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
- Keywords
- caloric restriction, rhesus monkeys, lifespan extension, survival, healthspan, aging, age-related diseases, metabolic profile, non-human primates, diet composition
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Blood Glucose, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cholesterol, Female, Health, Humans, Longevity, Macaca mulatta, Male, Monkey Diseases, Neoplasms, Triglycerides, United States, Incidence, Survival Rate, Age of Onset, Models, Animal, Caloric Restriction, Uncertainty, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, National Institute on Aging (U.S.)
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