Cited by 1,190Single-cell and spatial transcriptomicsRNA Research and SplicingGene Regulatory Network Analysis

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Single-cell transcriptomics reveals bimodality in expression and splicing in immune cells

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Abstract

Recent molecular studies have shown that, even when derived from a seemingly homogenous population, individual cells can exhibit substantial differences in gene expression, protein levels and phenotypic output, with important functional consequences. Existing studies of cellular heterogeneity, however, have typically measured only a few pre-selected RNAs or proteins simultaneously, because genomic profiling methods could not be applied to single cells until very recently. Here we use single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate heterogeneity in the response of mouse bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) to lipopolysaccharide. We find extensive, and previously unobserved, bimodal variation in messenger RNA abundance and splicing patterns, which we validate by RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization for select transcripts. In particular, hundreds of key immune genes are bimodally expressed across cells, surprisingly even for genes that are very highly expressed at the population average. Moreover, splicing patterns demonstrate previously unobserved levels of heterogeneity between cells. Some of the observed bimodality can be attributed to closely related, yet distinct, known maturity states of BMDCs; other portions reflect differences in the usage of key regulatory circuits. For example, we identify a module of 137 highly variable, yet co-regulated, antiviral response genes. Using cells from knockout mice, we show that variability in this module may be propagated through an interferon feedback circuit, involving the transcriptional regulators Stat2 and Irf7. Our study demonstrates the power and promise of single-cell genomics in uncovering functional diversity between cells and in deciphering cell states and circuits.

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Metadata

Authors
Shalek, A. K., Satija, R., Adiconis, X., Gertner, R. S., Gaublomme, J. T., Raychowdhury, R., Schwartz, S., Yosef, N., Malboeuf, C., Lu, D., Trombetta, J. J., Gennert, D., Gnirke, A., Goren, A., Hacohen, N., Levin, J. Z., Park, H., & Regev, A.
Affiliations
  • Harvard University (US)
  • Broad Institute (US)
Corresponding author
  • Park, Hongkun
  • Regev, Aviv
Venue
Nature
Published
2013-05-19
Volume
498
Issue
7453
Pages
236-240
ISSN
  • 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-4687
OpenAlex
W2110768394
Cited by
1,190
References
30
Citations by year
2026: 29 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 65 · 2022: 96 · 2021: 75 · 2020: 104 · 2019: 117 · 2018: 117 · 2017: 120 · 2016: 120 · 2015: 126 · 2014: 92 · 2013: 30
FWCI
54.63
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
  • PMC
Funders
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute
  • National Institutes of Health (DP1OD003893, 1dp2od002230-01, DP1OD003958)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (DP1DA035083)
  • National Human Genome Research Institute (P50HG006193)
  • National Cancer Institute (DP1CA174427)
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U54AI057159)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (F32HD075541)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gene Regulatory Network Analysis
Keywords
bimodal gene expression, single-cell transcriptomics, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, lipopolysaccharide stimulation, alternative splicing, cellular heterogeneity, interferon pathway, STAT2, IRF7, dendritic cell maturation, cytokine expression, SMART-seq, RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, gene regulatory circuits
MeSH terms
Animals, Bone Marrow Cells, Dendritic Cells, Gene Expression Regulation, Interferons, Lipopolysaccharides, RNA Splicing, RNA, Messenger, Viruses, Reproducibility of Results, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Mice, Knockout, Protein Isoforms, Gene Expression Profiling, STAT2 Transcription Factor, Interferon Regulatory Factor-7, Mice, Single-Cell Analysis, Transcriptome

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