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Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota
Abstract
Non-caloric artificial sweeteners (NAS) are among the most widely used food additives worldwide, regularly consumed by lean and obese individuals alike. NAS consumption is considered safe and beneficial owing to their low caloric content, yet supporting scientific data remain sparse and controversial. Here we demonstrate that consumption of commonly used NAS formulations drives the development of glucose intolerance through induction of compositional and functional alterations to the intestinal microbiota. These NAS-mediated deleterious metabolic effects are abrogated by antibiotic treatment, and are fully transferrable to germ-free mice upon faecal transplantation of microbiota configurations from NAS-consuming mice, or of microbiota anaerobically incubated in the presence of NAS. We identify NAS-altered microbial metabolic pathways that are linked to host susceptibility to metabolic disease, and demonstrate similar NAS-induced dysbiosis and glucose intolerance in healthy human subjects. Collectively, our results link NAS consumption, dysbiosis and metabolic abnormalities, thereby calling for a reassessment of massive NAS usage.
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In the citing paper
“NNS consumption induced glucose intolerance in a microbiota-dependent manner (56).”
From The gut microbiota at the intersection of diet and human health (2018) · cites this paper as [56]
In the citing paper
“Emulsifiers and artificial sweeteners have been shown to be involved in the development of metabolic syndrome features through their modulation of the microbiota in mice46,47.”
From Diet–microbiota interactions as moderators of human metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as [47]
In the citing paper
“In a study in seven people, artificial sweeteners given at high doses resulted in insulin resistance after only 7 days47”
From Diet–microbiota interactions as moderators of human metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as [47]
In the citing paper
“Chronic NAS consumption in mice was shown to impact gut microbial community structure133, resulting in an increase in abundance of bacteria belonging to the Bacteroides genus and some members of the Clostridiales order.”
From The microbial pharmacists within us: a metagenomic view of xenobiotic metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as [133]
In the citing paper
“germ-free mice colonized with gut microorganisms from NAS-treated mice or stool microorganisms exposed to NAS ex vivo develop glucose intolerance.”
From The microbial pharmacists within us: a metagenomic view of xenobiotic metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as [133]
In the citing paper
“Consumption of artificial sweeteners in mice and humans has been shown to lead to deregulation of the intestinal microbiota, with altered glycan degradation capacity promoting decreased glucose tolerance, a pre-diabetic condition [58].”
From Antibiotic-Induced Changes in the Intestinal Microbiota and Disease (2016) · cites this paper as [58]
In the citing paper
“Other dietary compounds known to alter the composition of the gut microbiome include noncaloric artificial sweeteners such as saccharin, sucralose, and aspartame (Suez et al., 2015), a feature with functional implications associated with the induction of glucose intolerance in mice (Suez et al., 2014).”
From Gut reactions: Breaking down xenobiotic–microbiome interactions (2019) · cites this paper as Suez et al., 2014
In the citing paper
“Although earlier human studies indicated detrimental effects on microbial diversity and composition (99, 100) and a more recent study linked consumption of nonnutritive sweeteners to a “dysbiosis” [an increasingly redundant term in microbiome research (171)] and a decrease in butyrate concentration (172), some reports have concluded that no clear effects of sweeteners on the microbiota can be”
From Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health (2021) · cites this paper as [100]
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Cited by
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Items 801–900 of 1,000
Food: a new form of personalised (gut microbiome) medicine for chronic diseases?
Pallister, T., & Spector, T. D. (2016) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/0141076816658786 · Cited by 28
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BackgroundMethodTan, H., & Nie, S. (2020) · FEMS Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1093/femsre/fuaa065 · Cited by 27
Dysbacteriosis induces abnormal neurogenesis via LPS in a pathway requiring NF-κB/IL-6
Long, D., Liu, M., Li, H., Song, J., Jiang, X., Wang, G., & Yang, X. (2021) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105543 · Cited by 27
Boothby, C., Murray, D., Waggy, A. P., Tsou, A., & Sugimoto, C. R. (2021) · Quantitative Science Studies · doi:10.1162/qss_a_00151 · Cited by 27
“…Earth ’ s magnetic field (Hart, Nováková et al., 2013) Sweeteners Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota (Suez, Korem et al., 2014) Vitamins Vitamin D and the risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease (Littlejohns, Henley et al., 2014) Marriage “ A diamond…”
BackgroundTime‐limited diets and the gut microbiota in cardiometabolic disease
Ratiner, K., Shapiro, H., Goldenberg, K., & Elinav, E. (2022) · Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1111/1753-0407.13288 · Cited by 27
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“Continued consumption of artificial sweeteners can alter the gut microbiota, which may lead to the induction of metabolic abnormalities, such as glucose intolerance [27].”
BackgroundLong-term metabolic effects of non-nutritive sweeteners
Rathaus, M., Azem, L., Livne, R., Ron, S., Ron, I., Hadar, R., Efroni, G., Amir, A., Braun, T., Haberman, Y., et al. (2024) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101985 · Cited by 26
“Indeed, both the microbiome and glycemic responses seem to differ when administered as commercial NNS sachets (containing carbohydrates as fi llers) [32,65] compared with the puri fi ed forms, as was used in our study, and in NNS-sweetened commercial beverages [26,64,66 e 68].”
The microbial-mammalian metabolic axis
Chilloux, J., Neves, A. L., Boulangé, C. L., & Dumas, M. (2016) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0000000000000284 · Cited by 28
Type of sweet flavour carrier affects thyroid axis activity in male rats
Pałkowska-Goździk, E., Bigos, A., & Rosołowska‐Huszcz, D. (2016) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-016-1367-x · Cited by 26
“Alterations in beneficial intestinal microflora and epithelial border function after long-term sucralose ingestion were also recorded [38, 39].”
BackgroundThe Hologenome Concept of Evolution: Medical Implications
ROSENBERG, E. B., & Zilber‐Rosenberg, I. (2019) · Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal · doi:10.5041/rmmj.10359 · Cited by 28
Fernandes, A. C., Rieger, D. K., & Proença, R. P. D. C. (2019) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmz025 · Cited by 28
“Also, to create diet or light versions, companies commonly replace sugar with noncaloric sweeteners, frequent consumption of which has been associated with increased risk of excessive weight gain (66, 67), metabolic syndrome (66), cardiovascular disease (66), type 2 diabetes (66, 68), and glucose intolerance (69).”
Integrative neuromuscular medicine: Neuropathy and neuropathic pain: Consider the alternatives
Rowin, J. (2019) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.26510 · Cited by 26
“Commonly used food additives and chemicals used in food processing, such as sugars, artificial sweeteners, salt, emulsifiers, surfactants, organic solvents, gluten, microbial transglutaminase, and nanoparticles, are abundant in the Western diet and have been linked to intestinal tight junction leakage, altered gut mic…”
BackgroundNon-nutritive Sweeteners Induce Hypothalamic ER Stress Causing Abnormal Axon Outgrowth
Park, S., Sethi, S., & Bouret, S. G. (2019) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00876 · Cited by 25
“Recent studies show that NNS affect metabolic traits through gut microbiota (5) or through an”
BackgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance, and sweeteners: a literature review
Kakleas, K., Christodouli, F., & Karavanaki, K. (2020) · Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1080/17446651.2020.1740588 · Cited by 26
“Studies in both animals [41] and humans [42] suggest that AS have similar effects on gut microbiota, thus inducing changes in the”
BackgroundSalehi, B., Dimitrijević, M., Aleksić, A., Neffe‐Skocińska, K., Zielińska, D., Kołożyn‐Krajewska, D., Sharifi‐Rad, J., Stojanović-Radić, Z. Z., Prabu, S. M., Rodrigues, C. F., et al. (2020) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2020.1760202 · Cited by 27
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Gut microbiome and its potential link to personalized nutrition
Kviatcovsky, D., Zheng, D., & Elinav, E. (2021) · Current Opinion in Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.cophys.2021.05.002 · Cited by 26
“Importantly, human NAS responder and non-responder subsets were suggested to feature differential glycemic responses to food, and could be identified based on individualized microbiome patterns [28].”
BackgroundSelf-citationHuman-provisioned foods reduce gut microbiome diversity in American black bears (Ursus americanus)
Gillman, S. J., McKenney, E. A., & Lafferty, D. J. R. (2021) · Journal of Mammalogy · doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyab154 · Cited by 27
Nilholm, C., Manoharan, L., Roth, B., D’Amato, M., & Ohlsson, B. (2022) · United European Gastroenterology Journal · doi:10.1002/ueg2.12227 · Cited by 27
“Specific foods not estimated, that is, fructose, polysaccharides, resistant starch, and artificial sweeteners, may also have contributed to the changes.17,36,37 Low FODMAP induced lower abundance of Actinobacteria.17 Lower intake of polysaccharides has been related to a higher relative abundance of Proteobacteria and…”
BackgroundKheriji, N., Boukhalfa, W., Mahjoub, F., Hechmi, M., Dakhlaoui, T., Mrad, M., Bahlous, A. H. S., Amor, N. B., Jamoussi, H., & Kéfi, R. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14102132 · Cited by 26
“These results are in agreement with Suez et al., who have associated riboflavin with hyperglycemia due to its important role in glucose absorption [38].”
ResultAdditives in Children’s Nutrition—A Review of Current Events
Savin, M., Vrkatić, A., Dedić, D., Vlaški, T., Vorgučin, I., Bjelanović, J., & Jevtić, M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192013452 · Cited by 29
“The association of aspartame intake with increased frequency of mood disorders and headaches was also observed, but this was not confirmed among children [110,111].”
ResultAlmiron‐Roig, E., Navas‐Carretero, S., Castelnuovo, G., Kjølbæk, L., Romo‐Hualde, A., Normand, M., Maloney, N. G., Hardman, C. A., Hodgkins, C. E., Moshoyiannis, H., et al. (2023) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2023.106515 · Cited by 29
Park, S., Belfoul, A. M., Rastelli, M., Jang, A., Monnoye, M., Bae, H., Kamitakahara, A. K., Giavalisco, P., Sun, S., Barelle, P.-Y., et al. (2023) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.156397 · Cited by 26
Shu, L., Huang, Y., Si, C., Zhu, Q., Zheng, P.-F., & Zhang, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1170992 · Cited by 26
“, saccharin) could alter the gut microbiome, thereby promoting inflammation and colonic carcinogenesis (48, 49).”
BackgroundBolsinger, J., Landstrom, M., Prończuk, A., Auerbach, A. D., & Hayes, K. C. (2017) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.01.007 · Cited by 26
Sugar- and Intense-Sweetened Drinks in Australia: A Systematic Review on Cardiometabolic Risk
Hoare, E., Varsamis, P., Owen, N. G., Dunstan, D. W., Jennings, G., & Kingwell, B. A. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9101075 · Cited by 29
“Emerging international findings on the effects of intense-sweetened beverages are equivocal, showing both no health effects [50] and associations with elevated risk of glucose intolerance [51].”
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Licht, T. R., & Bahl, M. I. (2018) · Current Opinion in Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.cotox.2018.09.004 · Cited by 28
Tsai, M.-J., Li, C.-H., Wu, H.-T., Kuo, H.-Y., Wang, C.-T., Pai, H.-L., Chang, C.-J., & Ou, H.-Y. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15122814 · Cited by 21
“Studies have established that ingestion of non-nutritive sweeteners alters the metabolome in blood and disrupts the balance of the gut and oral microbiome, leading to dysbiosis and impairing the downstream glycemic response, resulting in glucose intolerance [7,8].”
BackgroundNutrient-Sensing Biology in Mammals and Birds
Roura, E., & Foster, S. R. (2017) · Annual Review of Animal Biosciences · doi:10.1146/annurev-animal-030117-014740 · Cited by 26
“In addition, some HIS have been reported to alter gut microbiota in rodent models and humans that have been associated previously with type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose regulation, and glucose intolerance (33).”
BackgroundIn search for an alternative to sugar to reduce obesity
Mooradian, A. D. (2019) · International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research · doi:10.1024/0300-9831/a000531 · Cited by 25
Bueno-Hernández, N., Vázquez-Frías, R., y Abreu, A. T. A., Almeda‐Valdés, P., Barajas-Nava, L. A., Carmona-Sánchez, R., Chávez-Sáenz, J. A., Consuelo‐Sánchez, A., Espinosa-Flores, A. J., Hernández-Rosiles, V., et al. (2019) · Revista de Gastroenterología de México (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rgmxen.2019.08.001 · Cited by 25
“Thus, the majority of measurements have been made through the association of the microbiome (genome of the microbiota), the presence of NCSs in the colon, and the possible clinical manifestations.(19,20) In addition, the NCSs that are not completely absorbed in the small bowel could cause alterations in the gut microb…”
BackgroundThe Importance of Sweet Beverage Definitions When Targeting Health Policies—The Case of Switzerland
Sousa, A., Sych, J. M., Rohrmann, S., & Faeh, D. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12071976 · Cited by 31
“Other outcomes were also linked with consumption of low-calorie sweeteners, such as increased all-cause mortality [17] and increased glucose intolerance [18].”
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Low Doses of Sucralose Alter Fecal Microbiota in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats
Zhang, M., Chen, J., Yang, M., Cheng, Q., Liu, Y., Qi, Y., Feng, R., Yang, M., Liu, W., & Ma, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.787055 · Cited by 25
“(11) reported that the consumption of saccharin in ADI dosage increased the pathway genes related to glycosaminoglycan and other glycan.”
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Plant- and Animal-Based Protein-Rich Foods and Cardiovascular Health
Wang, Y., Hill, E. R., Campbell, W. W., & O’Connor, L. E. (2022) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-022-01003-z · Cited by 28
Chatelan, A., Lebacq, T., Rouche, M., Kelly, C. N. M., Fismen, A., Kalman, M., Dzielska, A., & Castetbon, K. (2022) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-022-02851-w · Cited by 30
“Investigating whether sugary soft drinks have been replaced by diet soft drinks, also called artificially sweetened or sugarfree beverages (< 1 kcal/100 mL), is useful because there is no clear evidence that replacing sucrose with low-calorie sweeteners has a beneficial impact on appetite regulation, weight management…”
BackgroundEffect of Coffee and Tea Consumption on Adolescent Weight Control: An Interventional Pilot Study
Moran‐Lev, H., Cohen, S., Zelber‐Sagi, S., Mayer, E. M., Anafy, A., Yerushalmy‐Feler, A., & Lubetzky, R. (2022) · Childhood Obesity · doi:10.1089/chi.2022.0032 · Cited by 32
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InfluentialThe diet-microbiota-metabolite axis regulates the host physiology
Yamada, T., Takahashi, D., & Hase, K. (2016) · The Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1093/jb/mvw022 · Cited by 25
“These alterations predispose host animals to glucose intolerance (31).”
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“Diet powerfully alters the gut microbiome (70,71), and a recent study shows that consuming artificial sweeteners causes glucose intolerance in mice and humans; the effect is mediated by gut microbiota, is larger in some individuals, and is most pronounced for saccharin (72).”
BackgroundGut microbiota in toxicological risk assessment of drugs and chemicals: The need of hour
Velmurugan, G. (2018) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2018.1445955 · Cited by 25
“The final culture from SHIME or anaerobic culture can be transplanted to rodents by oral gavage to understand its effect on host system.(8,9)”
BackgroundSolomi, L., Rees, G. A., & Redfern, K. M. (2019) · International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/09637486.2019.1585418 · Cited by 25
“Consumption of NNS has been linked to higher postprandial glycaemia (Suez et al. 2014).”
BackgroundShi, Q., Zhu, X., & Deng, S. (2019) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/1750-3841.14586 · Cited by 27
Non-nutritive Sweeteners and Glycaemic Control
Kim, Y., Keogh, J. B., & Clifton, P. M. (2019) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-019-0814-6 · Cited by 30
Kwok, D., Scott, C. E., Strom, N., Au‐Yeung, F., Lam, C., Chakrabarti, A., Hutton, T., & Wolever, T. M. S. (2024) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.01.032 · Cited by 24
What we need to know about the germ-free animal models
Aghighi, F., & Salami, M. (2024) · AIMS Microbiology · doi:10.3934/microbiol.2024007 · Cited by 29
“Common combinations of antibiotics usually do not surpass a mixture of five antibiotics at different doses, and may include penicillin, ampicillin, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, neomycin, and metronidazole [85,115–120].”
BackgroundSucralose Consumption Ablates Cancer Immunotherapy Response through Microbiome Disruption
Morder, K. M., Nguyen, M., Wilfahrt, D. N., Dahmani, Z. L., Burr, A. B. P., Xie, B., Morikone, M., Nieves-Rosado, H. M., Gunn, W. G., Hurd, D. E., et al. (2025) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-25-0247 · Cited by 28
“Multiple NNS, including sucralose, saccharin, and others, have recently been shown to reduce microbial diversity and lead to glucose intolerance in healthy hosts (12, 24, 59).”
Not so Sweet Revenge: Unanticipated Consequences of High-Intensity Sweeteners
Swithers, S. E. (2015) · The Behavior Analyst · doi:10.1007/s40614-015-0028-3 · Cited by 24
“…is associated with rapid changes in gut bacteria and that these changes can contribute to impairments in the body weight regulation and the ability to regulate blood sugar levels not only in rodents, but also in humans as well (Abou-Donia et al. 2008; Palmnas et al. 2014; Suez et al. 2014).”
BackgroundXi, D., Bhattacharjee, J., Salazar-Gonzalez, R.-M., Park, S., Jang, A., Warren, M., Merritt, R. J., Michail, S. K., Bouret, S. G., & Kohli, R. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-63688-z · Cited by 24
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“2014 [26], who fed 7 healthy volunteers, who did not normally consume non-nutritional sweeteners, 5 mg/kg of saccharin, i.”
BackgroundResultThe Effects of Nonnutritive Sweeteners on the Cariogenic Potential of Oral Microbiome
Zhu, J., Liu, J., Li, Z., Xi, R., Li, Y., Peng, X., Xu, X., Zheng, X. M., & Zhou, X. (2021) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2021/9967035 · Cited by 24
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Holistic perspective of the role of gut microbes in diabetes mellitus and its management
Alagiakrishnan, K., & Halverson, T. (2021) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v12.i9.1463 · Cited by 25
Li, W., Yu, S., Cao, Y., Zhang, L., Zhao, G., Wu, D., & Zou, L. (2022) · Food Science & Nutrition · doi:10.1002/fsn3.2984 · Cited by 25
“Studies suggest that there is a considerable link between elevated Proteobacteria levels and metabolic disorders, such as obesity and T2D (Suez et al., 2014).”
BackgroundChung, Y., Melo, P. M. D. A., Pickering, O., Dhillon‐Smith, R. K., Coomarasamy, A., & Devall, A. (2023) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.04.011 · Cited by 27
Low-no-calorie sweeteners exert marked compound-specific impact on the human gut microbiota ex vivo
den Abbeele, P. V., Poppe, J., Deyaert, S., Laurie, I., Gravert, T. K. O., Abrahamsson, A., Baudot, A., Karnik, K., & Risso, D. S. (2023) · International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/09637486.2023.2240037 · Cited by 27
“Further, despite that health benefits have been described for LNCS, some negative (Suez et al. 2014, 2022) or contradictory results have been reported as well.”
ResultWu, Y., Tan, Z., Zhen, J., Liu, C., Zhang, J., Liao, F., & Dong, W. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-17223-0 · Cited by 24
“In addition to BMI as a mediator concerned in this study, previous animal studies have shown that artificial sweeteners can promote insulin resistance [22], and induce glucose intolerance by altering intestinal microbiota [23], both of which are closely related to the pathogenesis of MASLD.”
BackgroundDietary intake of non-nutritive sweeteners in type 1 diabetes mellitus children
Dewinter, L., Casteels, K., Corthouts, K., Kerckhove, K. V., der Vaerent, K. V., Vanmeerbeeck, K., & Matthys, C. (2015) · Food Additives & Contaminants Part A · doi:10.1080/19440049.2015.1112039 · Cited by 24
“2013) and in a recent publication it was suggested that NNS can cause glucose intolerance through the gut microbiota (Suez et al. 2014).”
BackgroundReducing Added Sugars in the Food Supply Through a Cap-and-Trade Approach
Basu, S., & Lewis, K. H. (2014) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2014.302170 · Cited by 23
Invasions of Host-Associated Microbiome Networks
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Multilayered Interplay Between Fructose and Salt in Development of Hypertension
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“Furthermore, we have not observed metabolic effects from artificial sugars,(21) although one group did report that saccharin might induce insulin resistance in mice.(22) Rather, animals studies suggest fructose may induce hypertension by a variety of mechanisms, including fructose-induced salt and water retention, ins…”
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“Although the underlying biological basis remains unclear, recent gutbrain axis research has shown that human gut microbiota responds rapidly to dietary changes and produces neurochemicals comparable to those produced by the brain (David et al., 2014; Lyte, 2013; Suez et al., 2014).”
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“Animal studies indicated that the excessive consumption of NNS damaged lactose control (Suez et al. 2014), leading to reduced glucose tolerance.”
BackgroundGenomic resolution of bacterial populations in saccharin and cyclamate degradation
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“Contradictory findings have been published about the effect of sweeteners, such as saccharin, on glucose tolerance and dysbiosis in healthy individuals [70,71].”
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“, 2016), and food additives (Chassaing et al., 2017; Suez et al., 2014) are slightly different.”
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“Damage to the healthy intestinal flora is discussed for some sweeteners (81, 82).”
BackgroundDiabetes Treatment in the Elderly: Incorporating Geriatrics, Technology, and Functional Medicine
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“…that ingredients added during food processing, such as food emulsifying agents, antibacterial additives, and artificial sweeteners, promote gut permeability and inflammation by increasing mucus-forming bacteria and endotoxin levels (Chassaing et al., 2015; Suez et al., 2014; Yang et al., 2018).”
Pang, M. D., Kjølbæk, L., Bastings, J. J. A. J., Andersen, S. S. H., Umanets, A., Sost, M. M., Navas‐Carretero, S., Reppas, K., Finlayson, G., Hodgkins, C. E., et al. (2025) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-025-01381-z · Cited by 22
“https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-025-01381-z study 14 demonstrated a link between saccharin-induced alterations in the gut microbiota and glucose intolerance in mice.”
InfluentialNon-nutritive sweeteners in breast milk: perspective on potential implications of recent findings
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“Suez et al. (2014) demonstrated that sucralose, saccharin, and aspartame-containing products are associated with alterations in the normal balance of bacteria in the human gut.”
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“Moreover, increasing concerns have been raised over the bacteriostatic properties of NNS and their potential negative impact on the gastro-intestinal environment (Suez et al., 2014).”
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“demonstrated saccharin (SAC)-induced glucose intolerance in healthy volunteers and showed that these effects were transferable to germfree mice through fecal transplantation (11).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Suez, J., Korem, T., Zeevi, D., Zilberman-Schapira, G., Thaiss, C. A., Maza, O., Israeli, D., Zmora, N., Gilad, S., Weinberger, A., Kuperman, Y., Harmelin, A., Kolodkin-Gal, I., Shapiro, H., Halpern, Z., Segal, E., & Elinav, E.
- Affiliations
- Weizmann Institute of Science (IL)
- Jerusalem Mental Health Center (IL)
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Segal, Eran
- Elinav, Eran
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2014-09-17
- Volume
- 514
- Issue
- 7521
- Pages
- 181-186
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1989947363
- Cited by
- 2,067
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 145 · 2025: 182 · 2024: 175 · 2023: 166 · 2022: 218 · 2021: 190 · 2020: 189 · 2019: 182 · 2018: 159 · 2017: 159 · 2016: 153 · 2015: 123 · 2014: 24
- FWCI
- 62.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Keywords
- impaired glucose tolerance, gut microbiota, dysbiosis, saccharin, sucralose, aspartame, obesity, fecal microbiota transplantation, germ-free mice, antibiotic therapy, type 2 diabetes, microbial metabolic pathways, food additives
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Aspartame, Body Weight, Dietary Fats, Feces, Female, Germ-Free Life, Glucose, Humans, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Saccharin, Sucrose, Sweetening Agents, Glucose Intolerance, Metabolic Syndrome, Gastrointestinal Tract, Waist-Hip Ratio, Mice, Diet, High-Fat, Microbiota
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