Cited by 1,216Genomics and Phylogenetic StudiesMicrobial Community Ecology and PhysiologyBacterial Genetics and Biotechnology

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Unusual biology across a group comprising more than 15% of domain Bacteria

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Brown, Christopher T., Hug, Laura A., Thomas, Brian C., Sharon, Itai, Castelle, Cindy J., Singh, Andrea, Wilkins, Michael J., Wrighton, Kelly C., Williams, Kenneth H., Banfield, Jillian F.·2015·Nature

DOI 10.1038/nature14486

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Abstract

A prominent feature of the bacterial domain is a radiation of major lineages that are defined as candidate phyla because they lack isolated representatives. Bacteria from these phyla occur in diverse environments and are thought to mediate carbon and hydrogen cycles. Genomic analyses of a few representatives suggested that metabolic limitations have prevented their cultivation. Here we reconstructed 8 complete and 789 draft genomes from bacteria representing >35 phyla and documented features that consistently distinguish these organisms from other bacteria. We infer that this group, which may comprise >15% of the bacterial domain, has shared evolutionary history, and describe it as the candidate phyla radiation (CPR). All CPR genomes are small and most lack numerous biosynthetic pathways. Owing to divergent 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences, 50-100% of organisms sampled from specific phyla would evade detection in typical cultivation-independent surveys. CPR organisms often have self-splicing introns and proteins encoded within their rRNA genes, a feature rarely reported in bacteria. Furthermore, they have unusual ribosome compositions. All are missing a ribosomal protein often absent in symbionts, and specific lineages are missing ribosomal proteins and biogenesis factors considered universal in bacteria. This implies different ribosome structures and biogenesis mechanisms, and underlines unusual biology across a large part of the bacterial domain.

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Lineage-dependent partitioning of activities in chemoclines defines Woesearchaeota ecotypes in an extreme aquatic ecosystem
Cloarec, L., Bacchetta, T., Bruto, M., Leboulanger, C., Grossi, V., Brochier-Armanet, C., Flandrois, J., Zurmely, A., Bernard, C., Troussellier, M., et al. (2024) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-024-01956-0 · Cited by 6
“Nanohaloar-chaeota’, as well as the Woesearchaeota, Micrarchaeota, Pacearchaeota, Huberarchaeota, Mamarchaeota, and Undinarchaeota phyla [2, 8], represents a large radiation of the archaeal diversity and has been ubiquitously found in both oxic and anaerobic biomes ranging from animal microbiomes…”
Metaproteogenomics resolution of a high-CO2 aquifer community reveals a complex cellular adaptation of groundwater Gracilibacteria to a host-dependent lifestyle
Figueroa-Gonzalez, P. A., Bornemann, T., Hinzke, T., Maaß, S., Trautwein-Schult, A., Starke, J., Moore, C. J., Esser, S., Plewka, J., Hesse, T., et al. (2024) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-024-01889-8 · Cited by 6
“CPR bacteria, in particular Nomurabacteria and Gracili-bacteria, represented 31 of the 123 unique MAGs recovered from geyser WB. Due to their predicted symbiotic lifestyle [4, 8], we sought to reconstruct co-occurrence networks to establish potential symbiont-host relationships.”
BackgroundInfluential
Soil microbial response to multipollutant exposure in megacity parks: a study in Beijing
Qu, Y., Ma, J., Chen, Y., Zhao, W.-H., Sun, Y., Gou, Z., & Wu, F. (2024) · Soil & Environmental Health · doi:10.1016/j.seh.2024.100079 · Cited by 6
From transients to permanent residents: the existence of obligate aerobic microorganisms in the goat rumen
Wang, R., Huang, D., Chen, C., Song, D., Peng, H., He, M., Huang, X., Huang, Z., Wang, B., Lan, H., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1325505 · Cited by 6
“Subsequent operation of bioinformatics research (http://www.drive5.com/usearch) and QIIME completed, such as statistics and drawing mainly using R, Python, and Java (Brown et al., 2015).”
Method
Characterization of novel proteases identified by metagenomic analysis from dairy stabilization ponds
Irazoqui, J., Eberhardt, M. F., Santiago, G. M., & Amadio, A. (2023) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-023-12591-4 · Cited by 6
Two treatment methods on Ulva prolifera bloom result in distinctively different ecological effects in coastal environment
Dong, S., Xin, Y., Liu, C., Xiao, Y., Feng, X., & Liu, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2023.1084519 · Cited by 6
A first insight into the Polish Bochnia Salt Mine metagenome
Lach, J., Królikowska, K., Baranowska, M., Krupińska, M., Strapagiel, D., Matera-Witkiewicz, A., & Stączek, P. (2023) · Environmental science and pollution research international · doi:10.1007/s11356-023-25770-7 · Cited by 6
“6% of the microbiota composition of this site (Brown et al. 2015).”
Background
Mycolicibacter acidiphilus sp. nov., an extremely acid-tolerant member of the genus Mycolicibacter.
Xia, J., Ni, G.-F., Wang, Y., Zheng, M., & Hu, S. (2022) · International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology · doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005419 · Cited by 6
Genome Sequence of a New “Candidatus” Phylum “Dependentiae” Isolate from Chiba, Japan
Takemura, M. (2022) · Microbiology Resource Announcements · doi:10.1128/mra.01123-21 · Cited by 6
“addition to the metagenomic analysis (5).”
Description and functional testing of four species of the novel phototrophic genus Chioneia gen. nov., isolated from different East Antarctic environments
Tahon, G., Gök, D., Lebbe, L., & Willems, A. (2021) · Systematic and Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2021.126250 · Cited by 6
EpicPCR-Directed Cultivation of a Candidatus Saccharibacteria Symbiont Reveals a Type IV Pili-dependent Epibiotic Lifestyle
Xie, B.-L., Wang, J., Nie, Y., Chen, D., Hu, B., Wu, X., & Du, W.-B. (2021) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.07.08.451036 · Cited by 6
A metagenomic view of novel microbial and metabolic diversity found within the deep terrestrial biospherePreprint
Momper, L., Casar, C., & Osburn, M. (2021) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.05.06.442964 · Cited by 6
Above- and below-ground biodiversity responses to the prolonged flood pulse in central-western Amazonia, Brazil
Bredin, Y. K., Hess, L., Scabin, A., Dunthorn, M., Haugaasen, T., Peres, C., Nilsson, H. R., Antonelli, A., & Ritter, C. (2021) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.04.28.441795 · Cited by 6
“An interesting characteristic of Patescibacteria is the small size of their genomes (usually 1.5 Mbp) and their lack of biosynthetic capabilities (Brown et al., 2015).”
BackgroundInfluential
Archaeal roots of intramembrane aspartyl protease siblings signal peptide peptidase and presenilin
Raut, P., Glass, J., & Lieberman, R. (2020) · Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics · doi:10.1002/prot.26009 · Cited by 6
“Because they have restricted genomes, many CPR bacteria and DPANN archaea are thought to live in symbiotic relationships.(66,67) Based on our phylogenetic analysis (Figure 1A), IAP”
Background
Unexpected diversity of CPR bacteria and nanoarchaea in the rare biosphere of rhizosphere-associated grassland soil
Nicolas, A., Jaffe, A. L., Nuccio, E., Taga, M., Firestone, M., & Banfield, J. (2020) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.07.13.194282 · Cited by 6
“This may be because isolation-based methods fail for organisms unable to grow alone and primers used in 16S rRNA gene surveys can have mismatches that preclude detection (11).”
MethodSelf-citation
Inclusion of Oxford Nanopore long reads improves all microbial and phage metagenome-assembled genomes from a complex aquifer system
Overholt, W., Hölzer, M., Geesink, P., Diezel, C., Marz, M., & Küsel, K. (2019) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2019.12.18.880807 · Cited by 6
“Here we focused on the Patescibacteria, since this group contains almost no cultivated representatives and they are often highly abundant in groundwater systems (Brown et al., 2015; Pedron et al., 2019).”
Background
Iterative Subtractive Binning of Freshwater Chronoseries Metagenomes Identifies of over Four Hundred Novel Species and their Ecologic Preferences
Rodriguez-R., L., Tsementzi, D., Luo, C., & Konstantinidis, K. (2019) · doi:10.1101/826941 · Cited by 6
“45 metagenomes (MAGs) are prefixed with a label in squared brackets indicating 1 the study from where they were derived, including: A13 [82], B15 [53], M18 [6], 2 P18 [83], and Z18 [84], as well as the current study (This study) or publicly 3 available data currently missing a published manuscript (Unpub).”
Background
Source Community and Assembly Processes Affect the Efficiency of Microbial Microcystin Degradation on Drinking Water Filtration Membranes
Silva, M. O. D., Desmond, P., Derlon, N., Morgenroth, E., & Pernthaler, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00843 · Cited by 6
Biological capacities clearly define a major subdivision in Domain BacteriaPreprint
Méheust, R., Burstein, D., Castelle, C., & Banfield, J. (2018) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/335083 · Cited by 6
“This monophyletic group were described as the Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR) (Brown et al., 2015).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citation
Dramatic expansion of microbial groups that shape the global sulfur cycle
Anantharaman, K., Jungbluth, S., Kantor, R. S., Lavy, A., Warren, L., Rappé, M., Thomas, B., & Banfield, J. (2017) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/166447 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
MetaG: a graph-based metagenomic gene analysis for big DNA data
Chowdhury, L., Khan, M. I., Deb, K., & Kamal, M. S. (2016) · Network Modeling Analysis in Health Informatics and Bioinformatics · doi:10.1007/s13721-016-0132-7 · Cited by 7
“While if two constructed genomes are similar, then combined genomes are transformed into common structures (Chang et al. 2015; Franzosa et al. 2014; Brown 2015; Wu et al. 2016; Brown et al. 2015; Kang et al. 2015; Gibbons et al. 2015; Deng et al. 2015).”
Background
Genetically Modified Microbes as Biofertilizers
Ali, R., Dijoo, Z. K., & Sajjad, N. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-48690-7_13 · Cited by 19
Metabolic Potential of Candidatus Saccharimonadia Including Rare Lineages in Activated Sludge
Kagemasa, S., Kuroda, K., Nakai, R., Sato, M., Li, Y.-Y., & Kubota, K. (2025) · Environmental Microbiology Reports · doi:10.1111/1758-2229.70231 · Cited by 5
“…Candidatus Patescibacteria) (Nakajima et al. 2025) is a major bacterial phylogenetic group that includes various uncultivated classes, such as Candidatus Saccharimonadia, Candidatus Gracilibacteria, and Candidatus Microgenomatia, and represents > 15% of all bacterial diversity (Brown et al. 2015).”
Influential
Diverse Patescibacteria assemblages and prevalence of ultra-small free-living Parcubacteria along a subterranean estuary
Ruiz‐González, C., Mena, C., Cornejo‐Castillo, F. M., Romano‐Gude, D., Arandia‐Gorostidi, N., & Gasol, J. M. (2025) · mSystems · doi:10.1128/msystems.01125-25 · Cited by 4
“…surface and subsurface habitats, including marine, freshwater, soil, permafrost, plant rhizosphere ecosystems, or animal-associated habitats (27, 29–37), and even in the air (32, 38), but they are usually most abundant in oligotrophic and oxygen-poor groundwater environments (1, 6, 8, 9, 11, 24).”
Influential
Planning Considerations Related to Contamination Control for the Return and Analysis of Martian Samples
Sessions, A. L., Magnabosco, C., Barton, H. A., Burkhardt, C., Dworkin, J. P., Freissinet, C., French, K. L., GLAVIN, D. P., Leys, N., Maixner, F., et al. (2025) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1177/15311074251382157 · Cited by 4
“…of microbial abundance due to multiple 16S rRNA gene copies in one bacterial genome (Louca et al., 2018), or underestimation of microbial abundance due to the inability of conventional 16S rRNA gene primers to capture entire clades of organisms (Brown et al., 2015; Eloe-Fadrosh et al., 2016).”
DPANN Archaea and CPR Bacteria: insights into early cellular evolution?
Mahendrarajah, T., & Spang, A. (2025) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2024.0096 · Cited by 6
“First of all, most DPANN and CPR representatives with reduced genomes appear to be symbionts that are obligately dependent on a host organism for growth and survival [17,21,26–31].”
Complex compositional and metabolic response of river sediment microbiomes to multiple anthropogenic stressors
Stach, T. L., Deep, A., Pimentel, I. M., Buchner, D., Borton, M., Soares, A., Starke, J., Bornemann, T. L. V., Rehsen, P. M., Dreger, K. L., et al. (2025) · ISME Communications · doi:10.1093/ismeco/ycaf079 · Cited by 8
“In brief, MetaBAT2 [61], ABAWACA [62], and MaxBin2 [63] were used as automatized tools and steps to achieve a manually curated and optimized bin set are described in the Supplementary Information.”
Microbial diversity and capacity for arsenic biogeochemical cycling in aquifers associated with thermal mobilization.
Chen, M., Grégoire, D. S., St-Germain, P., Berdugo-Clavijo, C., & Hug, L. A. (2025) · Science of the Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179357 · Cited by 5
Self-citation
The type IV secretion system of Patescibacteria is homologous to the bacterial monoderm conjugation machinery
Quiñonero-Coronel, M. D. M., Cabello-Yeves, P. J., Haro-Moreno, J., Rodríguez-Valera, F., & Garcillán-Barcia, M. (2025) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1099/mgen.0.001409 · Cited by 5
“One of these underexplored groups is the Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR), which encompasses a strikingly diverse collection of ultra-small bacteria present in a variety of habitats with streamlined genomes [18].”
Improving Biofilm Formation and Bioreactor Startup at Low Temperature through Regulating Microbial Community Communication and Stability
Wang, Y.-C., Lv, Y., Lin, Y.-T., Xue, Y.-M., Hu, X., Jiang, G.-Y., & Wang, C. (2024) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.4c00103 · Cited by 5
Metagenomics of two aquifers with thermal anomalies in Mallorca Island, and proposal of new uncultivated taxa named following the rules of SeqCode.
Gago, J. F., Viver, T., Urdiain, M., Ferreira, E., Robledo, P., & Rossello-Mora, R. (2024) · Systematic and Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2024.126506 · Cited by 5
Suboxic DOM is bioavailable to surface prokaryotes in a simulated overturn of an oxygen minimum zone, Devil’s Hole, Bermuda
Parsons, R. J., Liu, S., Longnecker, K., Yongblah, K., Johnson, C., Bolaños, L. M., Comstock, J., Opalk, K., Soule, M. C. K., Garley, R., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1287477 · Cited by 5
Integration of multi-omics data to elucidate keystone unknown taxa within microbialite-forming ecosystems
Amorín, R., Conesa, A., & Foster, J. S. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1174685 · Cited by 6
“For instance, metagenomic sequencing has yielded evidence of dozens of new phyla as well as thousands of new taxa (Brown et al., 2015; Hug et al., 2016).”
Background
An initial genomic blueprint of the healthy human oesophageal microbiome
Gilroy, R., Adam, M., Kumar, B., & Pallen, M. (2023) · Access Microbiology · doi:10.1099/acmi.0.000558.v3 · Cited by 5
“To estimate the completeness and contamination of suspected members of Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR), we used 43 CPR specific markers [31] within CheckM retaining the quality thresholds described above for larger genomes.”
Using Genomics to Decipher the Enigmatic Properties and Survival Adaptation of Candidate Phyla Radiation
Maatouk, M., Rolain, J., & Bittar, F. (2023) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms11051231 · Cited by 5
“This abundance is uncertain and depends on the type of analysis performed and the time it is carried out [7,12,25].”
BackgroundInfluential
Genetic exchange shapes ultra-small Patescibacteria metabolic capacities in the terrestrial subsurface
Gios, E., Mosley, O., Takeuchi, N., & Handley, K. M. (2022) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.10.05.510940 · Cited by 5
Electrochemical Enrichment and Isolation of Electrogenic Bacteria from 0.22 µm Filtrate
Ihara, S., Wakai, S., Maehara, T., & Okamoto, A. (2022) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms10102051 · Cited by 5
“22 μm filtrate, have a small genome (often <1 Mb) due to their symbiotic or parasitic lifestyle [4].”
Background
Reverse Genomics: Design of Universal Epitope Sets to Isolate All Saccharibacteria Members from the Human Oral Cavity
Ibrahim, A., Maatouk, M., Raoult, D., & Bittar, F. (2022) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms10030602 · Cited by 5
“These microorganisms present a particular lifestyle, represented by an obligatory physical attachment between them and a host cell (most often bacterial hosts), which could be either an exo-symbiotic or exo-parasitic relationship [3,6].”
BackgroundInfluential
Detection of specific uncultured bacteriophages by fluorescence in situ hybridisation in pig microbiome
Ostenfeld, L. J., Munk, P., Aarestrup, F. M., & Otani, S. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0283676 · Cited by 6
The dark side of the ribosome life cycle
Ferreira-Cerca, S. (2022) · RNA Biology · doi:10.1080/15476286.2022.2121421 · Cited by 5
“In 2015, the same year where the Asgard archaea and CPR were first reported [61,75], Wiliam Sullivan wrote, independently of these discoveries, an essay entitled ‘The Institute for”
Background
High diversity and heterogeneity define microbial communities across an active municipal landfill
Sauk, A. H., & Hug, L. (2021) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.03.26.437222 · Cited by 5
“196 Members of the Patescibacteria are often underrepresented in 16S rRNA gene amplicon studies 197 due to primer mismatches and long insertions in the gene [24], but can be more robustly 198 identified using metagenomic techniques [25].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Different Effects of Mineral Versus Vegetal Granular Activated Carbon Filters on the Microbial Community Composition of a Drinking Water Treatment Plant
Bruno, A., Sandionigi, A., Magnani, D., Bernasconi, M., Pannuzzo, B., Consolandi, C., Camboni, T., Labra, M., & Casiraghi, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.3389/fevo.2021.615513 · Cited by 5
Importance of Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR) Bacteria for the Origin of Life
Tsurumaki, M., Saito, M., Maruyama, S., & Kanai, A. (2020) · Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) · doi:10.5026/jgeography.129.881 · Cited by 5
Electrical Signal Reporter, Pore-Forming Protein, for Rapid, Miniaturized, and Universal Identification of Microorganisms.
Wan, Y., Song, F.-G., Wang, G.-Q., Liu, H., An, M., Wang, A., Wu, X., Ma, C.-X., & Wang, N. (2018) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01933 · Cited by 5
Complete 4.55-Megabase-Pair Genome of “Candidatus Fluviicola riflensis,” Curated from Short-Read Metagenomic Sequences
Banfield, J., Anantharaman, K., Williams, K., & Thomas, B. (2017) · Genome Announcements · doi:10.1128/genomea.01299-17 · Cited by 5
Self-citation
Genomes From Uncultivated Microorganisms
Woyke, T., Doud, D. F. R., & Eloe‐Fadrosh, E. A. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809633-8.90682-4 · Cited by 5
Patterns of Microorganisms Inhabiting Antarctic Freshwater Lakes with Special Reference to Aquatic Moss Pillars
Nakai, R., Imura, S., & Naganuma, T. (2019) · Springer Polar Sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-02786-5_2 · Cited by 5
SandTraps are efficient, scalable, and mild systems for harvesting, washing and concentrating cells.
Frauenstein, D., Seidel, K., & Adrian, L. (2017) · Journal of Microbiological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2016.11.018 · Cited by 5
Parasitic connections: a patescibacterial epibiont, its methylotrophic gammaproteobacterial host, and their phages
Bouderka, F., López-García, P., Deschamps, P., Zhou, Y., Krupovic, M., Gutiérrez-Preciado, A., Ciobanu, M., Bertolino, P., David, G., Moreira, D., et al. (2026) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.00025-26 · Cited by 5
“Genes coding for most ribosomal proteins were present ( n = 51) , with only a few missing, such as rpL30 , which is often absent in other symbiotic bacteria (2, 8).”
History of the Hadean “Living Microfossil” OD1 and Ultra-reducing Environments
Sato, T., Yoshiya, K., & Maruyama, S. (2019) · Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) · doi:10.5026/jgeography.128.571 · Cited by 12
“Among these places, the Hakuba-Happo serpentine-hosted hydrothermal system is a unique crossroad of the volcanic front of the island arc and peridotite accreted in ca. 580 Ma. ― 576― 統群に細分化し，その 1つを「OD1」（OP11Derived 1：OP11から派生した系統群その 1）と名づけた（Harris et al., 2004）。その後，国際共同研究グループによって OD1のゲノムが解読され，OD1は「Parcubacteria」（つま…”
Influential
Unveiling Global Diversity of Patescibacteriota and Functional Interactions with Host Microbes
Ji, Y.-H., Liu, X., Zhao, S., Zhou, S.-H., Yang, Y., Zhang, P., Shi, Y., Qin, W., Zhu, G.-B., Zhu, Y.-G., et al. (2025) · Advancement of science · doi:10.1002/advs.202509416 · Cited by 4
Diversity fluctuations of the microbial community during annual Microcystis blooms within Lake Okeechobee, FL
Samuel, P., & Lopez, J. V. (2025) · Frontiers in Water · doi:10.3389/frwa.2025.1678547 · Cited by 4
Streptomyces sp. BI87 from human gut: potent anticancer activities and divergence from known Streptomyces lineages
Wang, Y.-H., Xu, H.-T., Liu, M., Yuan, B.-J., Gao, X., Zhang, X.-H., Tian, H.-D., Yu, H., Lai, J.-R., Liu, L., et al. (2025) · Microbiology spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.00858-25 · Cited by 4
“As a result, species so defined may be a mixture of phenotypically and, especially, biologically different bacteria (28, 29).”
Presence of unculturable bacteria in the permeate of microfiltration membranes with various pore-sizes in wastewater treatment
Zhou, S., Goto, S., & Urase, T. (2025) · Journal of Water Process Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108182 · Cited by 4
Candidatus List No. 6
Oren, A., Kostovski, M., & Göker, M. (2025) · International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology · doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.006772 · Cited by 4
Microbial community structure and water quality performance in local scrubber reclaim system for water reclamation of the semiconductor industry: a case study of a semiconductor plant in Beijing.
Li, Y., Wu, Y.-H., Wang, H.-B., Wang, R.-N., Li, P., Huang, B.-H., & Hu, H.-Y. (2025) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2025.120905 · Cited by 4
The perennially ice-covered Lake Enigma, Antarctica supports unique microbial communities
Smedile, F., Cono, V. L., Urbini, S., Benedetti, G., Spada, G. L., Crisafi, F., Azzaro, M., Porcino, N., Fazi, S., Amalfitano, S., et al. (2024) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-024-01842-5 · Cited by 4
“This agrees with previous studies in which free-living ultrasmall Patescibacteria cells were enriched using ﬁ ne-pore ﬁ lters 86,93,94 .”
Physicochemical and isotopic similarity between well water and intruding surface water is not synonymous with similarity in prokaryotic diversity and community composition.
Lyons, K. J., Yapiyev, V., Lehosmaa, K., Ronkanen, A.-K., Rossi, P. M., & Kujala, K. (2024) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2024.122812 · Cited by 4
Stable-isotope probing combined with amplicon sequencing and metagenomics identifies key bacterial benzene degraders under microaerobic conditions
Táncsics, A., Bedics, A., Banerjee, S., Soares, A., Baka, E., Probst, A. J., & Kriszt, B. (2024) · Biologia Futura · doi:10.1007/s42977-024-00232-4 · Cited by 4
“Subsequently, Abawaca Brown et al. (2015) was run twice, first to include reads with a minimal length of 3000 base pairs (bps) and sequences split after 5000 bps and second to set the minimal scaffold length of 5000 bps and sequences split after 10,000 bps. MaxBin2 Wu et al. (2016) was also run on…”
Toward a Natural History of Microbial Life
Magnabosco, C., Husain, F., Paoletti, M. M., Parsons, C., Payette, J. G., Schwartz, S. L., Tamre, E., & Fournier, G. P. (2024) · Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences · doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-031621-070542 · Cited by 11
Commentary on the proposed Section 10 amendments to the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes regarding Candidatus names.
Whitman, W. B., & Venter, S. (2024) · Systematic and Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2024.126524 · Cited by 4
Experimental evidence of d-glutamate racemase activity in the uncultivated bacterium Candidatus Saccharimonas aalborgensis.
Peñalver, M., Paradela, A., Palacios-Cuéllar, C., Pucciarelli, M., & Portillo, F. G.-D. (2024) · Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1111/1462-2920.16621 · Cited by 4
Analysis of microbial dynamics in the soybean root-associated environments from community to single-cell levels.
Kifushi, M., Nishikawa, Y., Hosokawa, M., Ide, K., Kogawa, M., Anai, T., & Takeyama, H. (2024) · Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering · doi:10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.02.007 · Cited by 4
Pathogen-microbiome interactions and the virulence of an entomopathogenic fungus
Kolp, M. R., Acosta, Y. D. A., Brewer, W. T., Nichols, H. L., Goldstein, E. B., Tallapragada, K., & Parker, B. J. (2024) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.02293-23 · Cited by 5
Culture-Independent Single-Cell PacBio Sequencing Reveals Epibiotic Variovorax and Nucleus Associated Mycoplasma in the Microbiome of the Marine Benthic Protist Geleia sp. YT (Ciliophora, Karyorelictea)
Zhang, X.-X., Bi, L., Gentekaki, E., Zhao, J.-M., Shen, P., & Zhang, Q.-Q. (2023) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms11061500 · Cited by 4
“These microbial communities are a primary source of prey and also symbionts for marine heterotrophic ciliates [33,34].”
Background

Authors: Brown, C. T., Hug, L. A., Thomas, B. C., Sharon, I., Castelle, C. J., Singh, A., Wilkins, M. J., Wrighton, K. C., Williams, K. H., & Banfield, J. F.
Affiliations: University of California, Berkeley (US)
The Ohio State University (US)
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
Corresponding author: Banfield, Jillian F.
ORCID: Brown, Christopher T.
Hug, Laura A.
Thomas, Brian C.
Sharon, Itai
Castelle, Cindy J.
Wilkins, Michael J.
Wrighton, Kelly C.
Williams, Kenneth H.
Banfield, Jillian F.
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2015-06-15
Volume: 523
Issue: 7559
Pages: 208-211
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/nature14486
OpenAlex: W1528357204
Cited by: 1,216
References: 63
Citations by year: 2026: 56 · 2025: 100 · 2024: 95 · 2023: 125 · 2022: 108 · 2021: 120 · 2020: 144 · 2019: 121 · 2018: 116 · 2017: 104 · 2016: 101 · 2015: 26
FWCI: 50.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.osti.gov
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Department of Energy (DESC0004918, DE AC02 05CH11231)
Joint Genome Institute
Office of Science
Biological and Environmental Research
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
Keywords: Candidate Phyla Radiation, uncultured bacteria, bacterial evolution, ribosome composition, ribosome biogenesis, self-splicing introns, small genomes, groundwater bacteria, metagenome-assembled genomes, symbionts
MeSH terms: Bacteria, Environmental Microbiology, Introns, Phylogeny, Ribosomal Proteins, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Genome, Bacterial

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Unusual biology across a group comprising more than 15% of domain Bacteria

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