Cited by 540Experimental Behavioral Economics StudiesChild and Animal Learning DevelopmentCultural Differences and Values

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The ontogeny of fairness in seven societies

Blake, P. R., McAuliffe, K., Corbit, J., Callaghan, T. C., Barry, O., Bowie, A., Kleutsch, L., Kramer, K. L., Ross, E., Vongsachang, H., Wrangham, R., Warneken, F.·2015·Nature

DOI 10.1038/nature15703

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Abstract

A sense of fairness plays a critical role in supporting human cooperation. Adult norms of fair resource sharing vary widely across societies, suggesting that culture shapes the acquisition of fairness behaviour during childhood. Here we examine how fairness behaviour develops in children from seven diverse societies, testing children from 4 to 15 years of age (n = 866 pairs) in a standardized resource decision task. We measured two key aspects of fairness decisions: disadvantageous inequity aversion (peer receives more than self) and advantageous inequity aversion (self receives more than a peer). We show that disadvantageous inequity aversion emerged across all populations by middle childhood. By contrast, advantageous inequity aversion was more variable, emerging in three populations and only later in development. We discuss these findings in relation to questions about the universality and cultural specificity of human fairness.

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Background
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“2016), cultures (Blake et al. 2015), and people of different personality traits (Truxillo et al.”
Background
The Evolution of Moral Development
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“Referring to the instructions of Blake et al. (2015), the experimenter first told the subjects that there were two roles, the actor and the receiver, which were decided by “tossing a coin.””
Influential
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BackgroundMethodInfluential
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Background
Distinct roles of the medial prefrontal cortex in advantageous and disadvantageous inequity aversion
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Background
社会规范的动态过程
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Background
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Background
Brain stimulation reveals distinct motives underlying reciprocal punishment and reward
Micheli, L. R., Negrini, M., Schuhmann, T., & Riedl, A. M. (2022) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2022.1590 · Cited by 2
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Self-citation
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BackgroundResult
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Weltzien, S. M., Marsh, L. E., Kanngießer, P., & Hood, B. M. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0300200 · Cited by 1
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Background
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“Based on previous research that has demonstrated the role of social norms in children’s behavior throughout middle childhood (e.g., Blake et al., 2015; House et al., 2013), we expected this three-way interaction (i.e., between children’s SSS, their age and the recipient’s needi-ness) to shed a…”
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“T he perception of fairness plays a critical role in fostering human cooperation and maintaining social order (Blake et al., 2015; Zhu et al., 2020). those Generally, it is believed that who gain more from social distribution perceive higher levels of fairness (Mezulis et al., 2004; Kluegel and…”
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Humanizing virtual agents through mutual self-disclosure: enhancing interpersonal engagement and cooperative behavior.
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“First, cultural divergence in moral judgment becomes increasingly pronounced during this period (Blake et al., 2015; House et al., 2013).”
Psychosexuelle und soziale Entwicklung
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Do 5- and 6-Year-Old Children Attempt to Appear Fair to Others?
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“Similar tendencies exist in a variety of cultures (Blake et al., 2015; Rochat et al., 2009).”
Background
Adalete İlişkin Hassasiyetlerin Gelişimsel İzleri: Haksızlıktan Kaçınma Davranışına İlişkin Güncel İncelemeler
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“These discussions represent optimal opportunities for deep engagement and for exploring student’s experiences, emotions, and stereotypes with depth and complexity (Boix Mansilla & Chua, 2007; Boix Mansilla & Gardner, 2007; Reimers et al., 2016).”
Background
EFFECTS OF INEQUITY AVERSION ON THE DYNAMICS OF COORDINATION GAMES
Ishii, H., & Nishino, N. (2021) · Transactions of the Operations Research Society of Japan · doi:10.15807/torsj.64.154 · Cited by 1
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“While some cultural variation exists, the available research suggests that inequity aversion is a crosscultural phenomenon (Blake et al., 2015; Choshen-Hillel et al., 2020; Qiu et al., 2017; Shaw & Olson, 2012).”
Background
THE IMPACT OF WORK-LIFE QUALITY ON HOTEL EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE
Wiastuti, R. D., Adi, S. C., Sarim, S., & Rashid, B. B. (2023) · Jurnal Manajemen Perhotelan · doi:10.9744/jmp.9.2.55-62 · Cited by 1
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Dahl, A. (2023) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2023.2249177 · Cited by 2
“Vaish is right to point out that people disagree about what constitutes a fair distribution—within and between cultures (Alesina & Angeletos, 2003; Blake et al., 2015; Henrich et al., 2010; Sch€afer et al., 2015).”
Background
Children think differently from adults when reasoning about resources acquired from parents
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Background
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Influential
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Influential
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Authors: Blake, P. R., McAuliffe, K., Corbit, J., Callaghan, T. C., Barry, O., Bowie, A., Kleutsch, L., Kramer, K. L., Ross, E., Vongsachang, H., Wrangham, R., & Warneken, F.
Affiliations: Boston University (US)
Boston College (US)
Simon Fraser University (CA)
St. Francis Xavier University (CA)
Cheikh Anta Diop University (SN)
Harvard University (US)
University of Utah (US)
Corresponding author: Blake, P. R.
McAuliffe, K.
ORCID: Blake, P. R.
McAuliffe, K.
Corbit, J.
Callaghan, T. C.
Barry, O.
Bowie, A.
Kramer, K. L.
Wrangham, R.
Warneken, F.
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2015-11-18
Volume: 528
Issue: 7581
Pages: 258-261
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/nature15703
OpenAlex: W2177707862
Cited by: 534
References: 33
Citations by year: 2026: 40 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 92 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 2
FWCI: 96.55
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Cultural Differences and Values
Keywords: fairness, ontogeny, children, cultural variation, resource sharing, cooperation, developmental timing, cross-cultural comparison
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Age Factors, Child, Child, Preschool, Cooperative Behavior, Culture, Decision Making, Female, Humans, Male, Social Behavior, Social Change

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The ontogeny of fairness in seven societies

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