Cited by 540Experimental Behavioral Economics StudiesChild and Animal Learning DevelopmentCultural Differences and Values

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The ontogeny of fairness in seven societies

Blake, P. R., McAuliffe, K., Corbit, J., Callaghan, T. C., Barry, O., Bowie, A., Kleutsch, L., Kramer, K. L., Ross, E., Vongsachang, H., Wrangham, R., Warneken, F.·2015·Nature

DOI 10.1038/nature15703

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Abstract

A sense of fairness plays a critical role in supporting human cooperation. Adult norms of fair resource sharing vary widely across societies, suggesting that culture shapes the acquisition of fairness behaviour during childhood. Here we examine how fairness behaviour develops in children from seven diverse societies, testing children from 4 to 15 years of age (n = 866 pairs) in a standardized resource decision task. We measured two key aspects of fairness decisions: disadvantageous inequity aversion (peer receives more than self) and advantageous inequity aversion (self receives more than a peer). We show that disadvantageous inequity aversion emerged across all populations by middle childhood. By contrast, advantageous inequity aversion was more variable, emerging in three populations and only later in development. We discuss these findings in relation to questions about the universality and cultural specificity of human fairness.

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List of Figures
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Additional file 1 of The role of social motivation in sharing and fairness: insights from Williams syndrome
Foti, F., Costanzo, F., Fabrizio, C., Termine, A., Menghini, D., Iaquinta, T., Vicari, S., Petrosini, L., & Blake, P. R. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26944596
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Additional file 5 of The role of social motivation in sharing and fairness: insights from Williams syndrome
Foti, F., Costanzo, F., Fabrizio, C., Termine, A., Menghini, D., Iaquinta, T., Vicari, S., Petrosini, L., & Blake, P. R. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26944608
Self-citation

Authors: Blake, P. R., McAuliffe, K., Corbit, J., Callaghan, T. C., Barry, O., Bowie, A., Kleutsch, L., Kramer, K. L., Ross, E., Vongsachang, H., Wrangham, R., & Warneken, F.
Affiliations: Boston University (US)
Boston College (US)
Simon Fraser University (CA)
St. Francis Xavier University (CA)
Cheikh Anta Diop University (SN)
Harvard University (US)
University of Utah (US)
Corresponding author: Blake, P. R.
McAuliffe, K.
ORCID: Blake, P. R.
McAuliffe, K.
Corbit, J.
Callaghan, T. C.
Barry, O.
Bowie, A.
Kramer, K. L.
Wrangham, R.
Warneken, F.
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2015-11-18
Volume: 528
Issue: 7581
Pages: 258-261
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/nature15703
OpenAlex: W2177707862
Cited by: 534
References: 33
Citations by year: 2026: 40 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 92 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 2
FWCI: 96.55
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Cultural Differences and Values
Keywords: fairness, ontogeny, children, cultural variation, resource sharing, cooperation, developmental timing, cross-cultural comparison
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Age Factors, Child, Child, Preschool, Cooperative Behavior, Culture, Decision Making, Female, Humans, Male, Social Behavior, Social Change

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The ontogeny of fairness in seven societies

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