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Seven temperate terrestrial planets around the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1
Open accessAbstract
One aim of modern astronomy is to detect temperate, Earth-like exoplanets that are well suited for atmospheric characterization. Recently, three Earth-sized planets were detected that transit (that is, pass in front of) a star with a mass just eight per cent that of the Sun, located 12 parsecs away. The transiting configuration of these planets, combined with the Jupiter-like size of their host star-named TRAPPIST-1-makes possible in-depth studies of their atmospheric properties with present-day and future astronomical facilities. Here we report the results of a photometric monitoring campaign of that star from the ground and space. Our observations reveal that at least seven planets with sizes and masses similar to those of Earth revolve around TRAPPIST-1. The six inner planets form a near-resonant chain, such that their orbital periods (1.51, 2.42, 4.04, 6.06, 9.1 and 12.35 days) are near-ratios of small integers. This architecture suggests that the planets formed farther from the star and migrated inwards. Moreover, the seven planets have equilibrium temperatures low enough to make possible the presence of liquid water on their surfaces.
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“Better understanding the impact of environmental limitations on the origin and early evolution of life, such as UV flux, can help determine the habitability of planetary bodies that are even outside our own solar system, such as planets around stars with high UV fluxes, e.g., the TRAPPIST-1 system (Gillon et al. 2017;O'Malley-James and Kaltenegger 2017).”
From Environmental Adaptation from the Origin of Life to the Last Universal Common Ancestor (2018) · cites this paper as Gillon et al. 2017
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Leleu, A., Delisle, J.-B., Delrez, L., Bryant, E. M., Brandeker, A., Osborn, H. P., Hara, N., Wilson, T. G., Billot, N., Lendl, M., et al. (2024) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202450212 · Cited by 10
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“The same kind of discrepancies are found within studies of the TRAPPIST-1 system, in which seven close-in planets have been discovered (Gillon et al. 2016, 2017).”
Hints of a close outer companion to the ultra-hot Jupiter TOI-2109 b
Harre, J., Smith, A. M. S., Barros, S. C. C., Singh, V., Korth, J., Brandeker, A., Cameron, A. C., Lendl, M., Wilson, T. G., Borsato, L., et al. (2024) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202451068 · Cited by 10
Self-citationCryoscope: A Cryogenic Infrared Survey Telescope in Antarctica
Kasliwal, M. M., Earley, N., Smith, R. M., Guillot, T., Travouillon, T. D., Fucik, J. R., Abe, L., Greffe, T., Agabi, A., Ashley, M. C. B., et al. (2025) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1088/1538-3873/adc629 · Cited by 10
“Several successes have been registered by telescopes of modest size such as TRAPPIST and SPECULOOS that produced the spectacular TRAPPIST-1 system, host to seven rocky temperate planets ( Gillon et al. 2016, 2017 ) .”
Self-citationThree small transiting planets around the M-dwarf host star LP 358-499
Wells, R., Poppenhaeger, K., & Watson, C. A. (2017) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters · doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slx171 · Cited by 10
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BackgroundTransit spectroscopy of temperate Jupiters with ARIEL: a feasibility study
Encrenaz, T. A., Tinetti, G., & Coustenis, A. (2017) · Experimental Astronomy · doi:10.1007/s10686-017-9561-2 · Cited by 10
“In addition, the recent detection of 7 planets in orbit around the ultra-cool M8 star TRAPPIST-1 (Gillon et al. 2017), possibly the result of a migration from beyond the ice line, may suggest that the presence of larger objects is also possible.”
BackgroundDynamical and Biological Panspermia Constraints Within Multiplanet Exosystems
Veras, D., Armstrong, D. J., Blake, J., Gutierrez-Marcos, J., Jackson, A., & Schaefer, H. (2018) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1786 · Cited by 9
“…of ancient life in the meteorite ALH84001 in the mid-1990s (McKay et al. , 1996 ) accelerated investigations into panspermia within the Solar This situation has now changed with the groundbreaking discovery of multiple potentially habitable planets in the TRAPPIST-1 system (Gillon et al. , 2017).”
The milliarcsecond-scale radio structure of AB Doradus A
Climent, J. B., Guirado, J. C., Azulay, R., Marcaide, J. M., Jauncey, D. L., Lestrade, J.-F., & Reynolds, J. E. (2020) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037542 · Cited by 10
“…UCDs is crucial for planet discovery around them (Robertson et al. 2014) and for investigating the atmosphere and habitability of these planets (Jakosky et al. 2015; Shields et al. 2016), which could be abundant and observationally accessible (e.g., TRAPPIST-1 system, see Gillon et al. 2016, 2017).”
BackgroundBank, M. J., & Nicola Scafetta, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences · doi:10.3389/fspas.2021.758184 · Cited by 10
“…ratios in the periods of adjacent planets (from b ↔ c to g ↔ h) that includes the same consonances: these are 8:5, 5:3, 3:2, 3:2, 4:3, 3:2 (cf. Agol et al., 2021; Gillon et al., 2017; Tamayo et al., 2017), which correspond to the tones Ab , A , G , G , F and G (with C as a reference tone).”
BackgroundFischer, C., & Saur, J. (2022) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243346 · Cited by 10
A Bayesian Analysis of Technological Intelligence in Land and Oceans
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Duffy, C. D. P., Canchon, G., Haworth, T. J., Gillen, E., Chitnavis, S., & Mullineaux, C. W. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad2823 · Cited by 10
Mettler, J.-N., Konrad, B. S., Quanz, S. P., & Helled, R. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad198b · Cited by 10
“Such exoplanets have already been detected within 20 pc of the sun with both the transit (e.g., Berta-Thompson et al. 2015; Gillon et al. 2017; Vanderspek et al. 2019) and the RV (e.g., Anglada-Escudé et al. 2016; Ribas et al. 2016; Zechmeister et al. 2019) meth-a ods.”
BackgroundCHEOPS: CHaracterising ExOPlanets Satellite
Benz, W., Ehrenreich, D., & Isaak, K. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30648-3_84-1 · Cited by 10
Photochemical Oxygen in Non-1-bar CO2 Atmospheres of Terrestrial Exoplanets
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“The James Webb Space Telescope will have the capability to perform infrared spectroscopy of exoplanet atmospheres, including some of the potentially habitable worlds found by groundbased transit surveys (Dittmann et al. 2017; Gillon et al. 2017) and TESS (Schwieterman et al. 2016).”
Guzewich, S. D., Lustig‐Yaeger, J., Davis, C. E., Kopparapu, R., Way, M. J., & Meadows, V. (2020) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab83ec · Cited by 10
Sánchez, M., de Elía, G. D., & Downes, J. J. (2020) · Astronomy & Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201937317 · Cited by 1
“In particular, observations and modeling have proven the existence and formation of rocky planets around very low mass stars (VLMS) and brown dwarfs (BDs; e.g., Payne & Lodato 2007; Raymond et al. 2007; Gillon et al. 2017).”
BackgroundNGTS J214358.5−380102 – NGTS discovery of the most eccentric known eclipsing M-dwarf binary system
Acton, J. S., Goad, M. R., Raynard, L., Casewell, S. L., Jackman, J. A. G., Alexander, R. D., Anderson, D. R., Bayliss, D., Bryant, E. M., Burleigh, M. R., et al. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa928 · Cited by 10
“Recent investigations of nearby M-dwarfs have discovered that some of these stars host multiple planet systems (Gillon et al. 2017; Günther et al. 2019; Kostov ?”
BackgroundSelf-citationRadial drift and concurrent ablation of boulder-sized objects
Burn, R., Marboeuf, U., Alibert, Y., & Benz, W. (2019) · Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935780/pdf · Cited by 10
Two Transiting Hot Jupiters from the WASP Survey: WASP-150b and WASP-176b
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“TRAPPIST-North (Gillon et al. 2017; Barkaoui et al. 2019) observed one full transit of WASP-176b on 2018 June 26.”
BackgroundSelf-citationExpecting the unexpected in the search for extraterrestrial life
Vickers, P. (2020) · International Journal of Astrobiology · doi:10.1017/s1473550420000269 · Cited by 10
“Perhaps the best we can do is select the most exciting targets (e.g. planets in the habitable zone of the TRAPPIST-1 system; Gillon et al., 2017), and move on to other interesting targets as and when time allows, always keeping an eye on the newly confirmed planets coming out of the raw data.”
BackgroundHomogeneous model for the TRAPPIST-1e planet with an icy layer
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Rapid-then-slow migration reproduces mass distribution of TRAPPIST-1 system
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TIC-320687387 B: a long-period eclipsing M-dwarf close to the hydrogen burning limit
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Self-citationTransit Photometry as an Exoplanet Discovery Method
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“Despite these caveats, we can analyze some systems of interest: TRAPPIST-1 (Gillon et al. 2017), Kepler-444 (Campante et al. 2015) and Kepler-47 (Orosz et al. 2012).”
MethodInfluentialOrigin of Earth’s Water: Sources and Constraints
Meech, K. J. (2005) · University of Arizona Press eBooks · doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816540068-ch013 · Cited by 19
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“5V red dwarf located at a distance of 12.5 pc, this star has seven confirmed exoplanets, with a few present in the HZ (Gillon et al. 2016, 2017).”
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Wu, S. C., Dewberry, J. W., & Fuller, J. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad1e54 · Cited by 9
“Though the low luminosity of M-dwarfs makes them intrinsically more difficult to observe, short-period exoplanet systems around M-dwarfs are of interest as they are likely to be located in the habitable zone of the M-dwarfs (e.g., Trappist-1, Gillon et al. 2017) and are relatively easy to detect.”
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Chatterjee, R. D., & Pierrehumbert, R. T. (2026) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae2ffa · Cited by 9
“Indeed, JWST observations of the two closest-in planets of the now pre-eminent TRAPPIST-1 system (Gillon et al. 2017; Greene et al. 2023; Zieba et al. 2023) were consistent with bare rocks.”
Exploring the sub-Neptune frontier with JWST
Madhusudhan, N., Holmberg, M., Constantinou, S., & Cooke, G. J. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2416194122 · Cited by 9
“Recent JWST observations of several terrestrial-size planets in the TRAPPIST-1 system (90) have highlighted the significant challenges resulting from spectral contamination from the very active late M dwarf star as well as the planets potentially lacking significant atmospheres (62, 91, 92).”
Transmission Spectroscopy of the Earth–Sun System to Inform the Search for Extrasolar Life
Mayorga, L. C., Lustig‐Yaeger, J., May, E., Sotzen, K. S., Gonzalez-Quiles, J., Kilpatrick, B., Martin, E. C., Mandt, K. E., Stevenson, K. B., & Izenberg, N. R. (2021) · The Planetary Science Journal · doi:10.3847/psj/ac0c85 · Cited by 9
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High-resolution spectral models of TRAPPIST-1e seen as a Pale Blue Dot for ELT and JWST observations
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Kepler-80 Revisited: Assessing the Participation of a Newly Discovered Planet in the Resonant Chain
Weisserman, D., Becker, J., & Vanderburg, A. M. (2023) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acac80 · Cited by 9
“Quite often, observational data is not enough to securely classify the dynamics of an exoplanet system via TTV fits (ex: Gillon et al. 2016, 2017), and improvements can only be made once additional data is added into the model (Agol et al. 2021).”
BackgroundAn Earth-sized Planet around an M5 Dwarf Star at 22 pc
Hirano, T., Dai, F., Livingston, J. H., Grziwa, S., Lam, K. W. F., Kasagi, Y., Narita, N., Ishikawa, H. T., Miyakawa, K., Serrano, L. M., et al. (2023) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acb7e1 · Cited by 9
“K2-415b, planets around the low-mass stars ( 0.1 M e M å 0.3 M e ) , and TRAPPIST-1 planets are plotted by the red square, dark blue circles, and purple circles, respectively.”
InfluentialTraveling Planetary-scale Waves Cause Cloud Variability on Tidally Locked Aquaplanets
Cohen, M., Bollasina, M. A., Sergeev, D. E., Palmer, P. I., & Mayne, N. J. (2023) · The Planetary Science Journal · doi:10.3847/psj/acc9c4 · Cited by 9
Mapping the Skies of Ultracool Worlds: Detecting Storms and Spots with Extremely Large Telescopes
Plummer, M. K., & Wang, J. (2023) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/accd5d · Cited by 10
“TRAPPIST-1 is a late M dwarf, hosting at least seven rocky exoplanets (Gillon et al. 2016, 2017), located 12.47± 0.01 pc (Gaia Collaboration et al. 2021) from our solar system.”
BackgroundInfluentialChapter 7: Assessing Habitability Beyond Earth
Styczinski, M. J., Cooper, Z. S., Glaser, D. M., Lehmer, O., Mierzejewski, V., & Tarnas, J. (2024) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2021.0097 · Cited by 11
“A critical uncertainty that both Proxima Centauri and TRAPPIST-1 share stems from the larger fraction of energy being emitted at the shortest wavelengths (including X-ray and ultraviolet radiation) compared to more massive stars like the Sun ( e.g., France et al., 2016).”
InfluentialRadio Emission from Ultracool Dwarfs
Williams, P. K. G. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55333-7_171 · Cited by 9
“One reason that this is important is that UCDs may host large numbers of observationally-accessible small planets, as demonstrated by the TRAPPIST-1 system (Gillon et al. 2016, 2017).”
BackgroundThe Habitable Zone: The Climatic Limits of Habitability
Kopparapu, R. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55333-7_58 · Cited by 10
Radial drift and concurrent ablation of boulder-sized objects
Burn, R., Marboeuf, U., Alibert, Y., & Benz, W. (2019) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935780 · Cited by 9
“…the snowline position at the midplane. increased precision on measured radii and masses of planets using radial velocity measurements combined with Kepler transit data (e.g., Marcy et al. 2014), or transit timing variation (e.g., Gillon et al. 2017; Grimm et al. 2018, for the TRAPPIST-1 system).”
MethodRoss 128-GL 447: A possible activity cycle for a slow-rotating fully convective star
Bustos, R. V. I., Buccino, A. P., Flores, M., & Mauas, P. J. D. (2019) · Conicet · Cited by 9
Transiting Exoplanet Monitoring Project (TEMP). III. On the Relocation of the Kepler-9 b Transit
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Phase Modeling of the TRAPPIST-1 Planetary Atmospheres
Kane, S. R., Jansen, T., Fauchez, T. J., Selsis, F., & Ceja, A. Y. (2021) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abcfbe · Cited by 9
Self-citationInformational architecture across non-living and living collectives
Kim, H.-J., Valentini, G., Hanson, J. R., & Walker, S. I. (2021) · Theory in Biosciences · doi:10.1007/s12064-020-00331-5 · Cited by 11
Color classification of Earth-like planets with machine learning
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The Role of Atmospheric Exchange in False‐Positive Biosignature Detection
Felton, R. C., Bastelberger, S., Mandt, K. E., Luspay‐Kuti, A., Fauchez, T. J., & Domagal-Goldman, S. D. (2022) · Journal of Geophysical Research Planets · doi:10.1029/2021je006853 · Cited by 9
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Haze Optical Depth in Exoplanet Atmospheres Varies with Rotation Rate: Implications for Observations
Cohen, M., Palmer, P. I., Paradise, A., Bollasina, M. A., & Tiranti, P. (2024) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad1ab9 · Cited by 10
“For Earth-like planets, we use configuration values for TRAPPIST-1 e (Gillon et al. 2017), an ideal candidate because it is used as a benchmark in the TRAPPIST-1 Habitable Atmosphere Intercomparison (Turbet et al. 2022; Sergeev et al. 2022b; Fauchez et al. 2022).”
MethodActivity of the M8 Dwarf TRAPPIST-1
Дмитриенко, Е. С., & Savanov, I. S. (2018) · Astronomy Reports · doi:10.1134/s1063772918060033 · Cited by 9
A Snowball in Hell: The Potential Steam Atmosphere of TOI-1266c
Harman, C. E., Kopparapu, R., Stefánsson, G., Lin, A. S. J., Mahadevan, S., Hedges, C., & Batalha, N. E. (2022) · The Planetary Science Journal · doi:10.3847/psj/ac38ac · Cited by 9
“…ground-based endeavors such as WASP (e.g., Pollacco et al. 2006), HATNet (e.g., Bakos et al. 2004; Hellier et al. 2012), TRAPPIST (Jehin et al. 2011; Gillon et al. 2017; Delrez et al. 2018), and the Habitable-zone Planet Finder (HPF) Spectrograph (Mahadevan et al. 2012, 2014), is rapidly growing.”
BackgroundRefraction in exoplanet atmospheres
Alp, D., & Demory, B.-O. (2018) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731484 · Cited by 9
“We now focus on the more extreme case of the M8V dwarf TRAPPIST-1, which hosts seven Earth-size planets (Gillon et al. 2017).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationA search for transiting planets in the β Pictoris system
Mol Lous, M., Weenk, E., Kenworthy, M. A., Zwintz, K., & Kuschnig, R. (2018) · Astronomy & Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731941 · Cited by 10
“The present-day interest in Earth-like exoplanets is confirmed by the attention that the TRAPPIST-1 planetary system received following its discovery in 2017 (Gillon et al. 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialKonrad, B. S., Quanz, S. P., Alei, E., & Wordsworth, R. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad74f7 · Cited by 8
“…exoplanets have been found within 20 pc of the sun (see, e.g., Hill et al. 2023, for a catalogue) via both the transit (e.g., Berta-Thompson et al. 2015; Gillon et al. 2017; Vanderspek et al. 2019) and the RV (e.g., Anglada-Escud´e et al. 2016; Ribas et al. 2016; Zechmeis-ter et al. 2019) methods.”
BackgroundTOI-2015 b: A sub-Neptune in strong gravitational interaction with an outer non-transiting planet
Barkaoui, K., Korth, J., Gaidos, E. J., Agol, E., Parviainen, H., Pozuelos, F. J., Palle, E., Narita, N., Grimm, S. L., Brady, M., et al. (2025) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202452916 · Cited by 8
Self-citationThe Transmission Spectrum of the Potentially Rocky Planet L 98-59 c
Barclay, T., Sheppard, K., Latouf, N., Mandell, A. M., Quintana, E. V., Gilbert, E. A., Liuzzi, G., Villanueva, G. L., Arney, G., Brande, J., et al. (2025) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ada5f6 · Cited by 8
“The most prominent of these are the planets that orbit TRAPPIST-1 (Gillon et al. 2016; de Wit et al. 2016; Gillon et al. 2017).”
Orcajo, S., Cieza, L., Guilera, O., Pérez, S., Rannou, F., Gonz'alez-Ruilova, C., Batalla-Falcon, G., Bhowmik, T., Chavan, P., Casassus, S., et al. (2025) · Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/adcd58 · Cited by 6
“…show a remarkable diversity of architectures, ranging from compact systems with multiple rocky planets ( ≲ 1 M ⊕ ) within < 0.1 au, like TRAPPIST I (Gillon et al. 2017), to very extended systems with multiple massive planets ( ∼ 5-10 M Jup ) at tens of au as in the case of HR 8799 (Marois et…”
InfluentialDetailed Architecture of the L 98-59 System and Confirmation of a Fifth Planet in the Habitable Zone
Cadieux, C., L’Heureux, A., Piaulet, C., Doyon, R., Artigau, É., Cook, N. J., Coulombe, L.-P., Roy, P.-A., Lafreniére, D., Lamontagne, P., et al. (2025) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/adef59 · Cited by 8
Unexpected Near-Resonant and Metastable States of Young Multiplanet Systems
Hu, Z., Dai, F., Zhu, W., Wang, M.-T., Goldberg, M., Lammers, C., & Masuda, K. (2025) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae173c · Cited by 8
JWST TRAPPIST-1 e/b Program: Motivation and First Observations
Allen, N. H., Espinoza, N., Boehm, V. A., Cañas, C. I., Stevenson, K. B., Lewis, N. K., MacDonald, R. J., Morris, B. M., Agol, E., Colón, K. D., et al. (2026) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ae28cb · Cited by 8
“TRAPPIST-1 e is especially interesting as a test of atmospheric evolution, survival, and habitability for temperate rocky planets around M stars due to its similarity in size and temperature to our own solar system terrestrial planets (e.g., Gillon et al. 2017).”
Self-citationCloutier, R. (2019) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab27be · Cited by 8
“…of the closest transiting planetary systems around low-mass stars along with GJ 1132 (Berta-Thompson et al. 2015; Bonfils et al. 2018), TRAPPIST-1 (Gillon et al. 2017; Luger et al. 2017), LHS 1140 (Dittmann et al. 2017b; Ment et al. 2019), GJ 1214 (Charbonneau et al. 2009), and GJ 3470 (Bonfils…”
BackgroundDetecting life outside our solar system with a large high-contrast-imaging mission
Snellen, I. A. G., Snik, F., Kenworthy, M. A., Albrecht, S. H., Anglada-Escudé, G., Baraffe, I., Baudoz, P., Benz, W., Beuzit, J.-L., Biller, B. A., et al. (2021) · Experimental Astronomy · doi:10.1007/s10686-021-09803-y · Cited by 8
“…[18] and hot rocky planets [6, 78], a planet thermal map [70], the first direct image of a planet [74, 90], planet spin [131], culminating in the exciting discoveries of the first nearby temperate rocky planets Proxima b and those in the TRAP-PIST-1 system [3, 52] – a true scientific revolution.”
BackgroundSelf-citationPonte, M. D., Santiago, B., Rosell, A. C., Burningham, B., Yanny, B., Marshall, J. L., Bechtol, K., Martini, P., Li, T. S., Paris, L. D., et al. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3118 · Cited by 8
“Very low-mass stars have been found to harbour planetary systems, some of them similar to Earth (Gillon et al. 2017).”
BackgroundThe SOPHIE search for northern extrasolar planets XIII. Two planets around M-dwarfs Gl617A and Gl96
Hobson, M. J., Díaz, R. F., Delfosse, X., Astudillo-Defru, N., Boisse, I., Bouchy, F., Bonfils, X., Forveille, T., Hara, N., Arnold, L., et al. (2018) · Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Liège) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1806.10958 · Cited by 8
Composition constraints of the TRAPPIST-1 planets from their formation
Childs, A. C., Shakespeare, C. J., Rice, D. R., Yang, C.-C., & Steffen, J. H. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad2110 · Cited by 8
Exploring the short-term variability of H α and H β emissions in a sample of M dwarfs
Kumar, V., Rajpurohit, A. S., Srivastava, M., Fernández-Trincado, J. G., & Queiroz, A. B. A. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad2222 · Cited by 8
Self-Oxidation of the Atmospheres of Rocky Planets with Implications for the Origin of Life
Johansen, A., Camprubí, E., van Kooten, E. M. M. E., & Hoeijmakers, H. J. (2024) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2023.0104 · Cited by 9
“…have now detected a signi fi cant number of small rocky planets beyond the Solar System (Kossakowski et al., 2023), with successful characterization so far of their orbits, masses, and/or radii as well as the effective temperature (e.g., Anglada-Escudé et al., 2016; Gillon et al., 2017).”
Drifts of the substellar points of the TRAPPIST-1 planets
Revol, A., Bolmont, É., Sastre, M., Tobie, G., Libert, A.-S., Kervazo, M., & Blanco-Cuaresma, S. (2024) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202451532 · Cited by 8
Exoplanet Predictions Based on Harmonic Orbit Resonances
Aschwanden, M. J., & Scholkmann, F. (2017) · Galaxies · doi:10.3390/galaxies5040056 · Cited by 8
“The largest planet systems had seven detections of planets, such as the KIC-11442793 and the TRAPPIST-1 systems [23].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialInfrared Flares from M Dwarfs: A Hinderance to Future Transiting Exoplanet Studies
Davenport, J. R. A. (2017) · Research Notes of the AAS · doi:10.3847/2515-5172/aa95c3 · Cited by 8
“This system is a nearby M8 star, hosting 7 transiting exoplanets discovered with ground- and space-based photometry (Gillon et al. 2016, 2017).”
BackgroundHand, K., & Yates, E. A. (2017) · Journal of The Royal Society Interface · doi:10.1098/rsif.2017.0673 · Cited by 8
“The identification of seven planets, found orbiting TRAPPIST-1, a dwarf star 40 light years from the solar system and potentially providing the conditions needed to sustain biological life [1], adds to the catalogue of planets, which stands at several thousand [2].”
BackgroundStar-Planet Interactions and Habitability: Radiative Effects
Segura, A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55333-7_73 · Cited by 9
Invasion percolation solves Fermi Paradox but challenges SETI projects
Galera, E. F., Galanti, G. R., & Kinouchi, O. (2018) · International Journal of Astrobiology · doi:10.1017/s1473550418000101 · Cited by 8
Concepts for Deep Space Travel: From Warp Drives and Hibernation to World Ships and Cryogenics
Braddock, M. (2018) · Current Trends in Biomedical Engineering & Biosciences · doi:10.19080/ctbeb.2018.12.555847 · Cited by 8
“Recent discoveries of the TRAPPIST-1 [2] and K2-138 [3] systems illustrate the inevitability of short-listing new worlds for further exploration, by unmanned probes or by manned spacecraft.”
Backgroundπ Earth: A 3.14 day Earth-sized Planet from K2's Kitchen Served Warm by the SPECULOOS Team
Niraula, P., de Wit, J., Rackham, B. V., Ducrot, E., Burdanov, A., Crossfield, I. J. M., Grootel, V. V., Murray, C., Garcia, L. J., Alonso, R., et al. (2020) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aba95f · Cited by 8
“One such example is the TRAPPIST-1 planetary system (Gillon et al. 2016, 2017), discovered by the TRAPPIST Ultra Cool Dwarf Transiting Survey, a prototype survey for the SPECULOOS Survey (Gillon et al. 2013).”
BackgroundSelf-citationExploiting periodic orbits as dynamical clues for Kepler and K2 systems
Antoniadou, K. I., & Libert, A.-S. (2020) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037779 · Cited by 8
“It has been revealed that many transitdetected exoplanetary systems, even the tightly packed ones, possess multiple super-Earth planets locked in mean-motion resonance (MMR; e.g. Laughlin et al. 2002 and Anglada-Escudé et al. 2010) or even in resonant chain (e.g. K2-32 Heller et al. 2019, K2-138 Lopez et al. 2019, Kep…”
BackgroundK2-288Bb: A Small Temperate Planet in a Low-Mass Binary System Discovered by Citizen Scientists
Feinstein, A. D., Jonkeren, A. F., Dressing, C. D., Miller, G., Morales, F. Y., Langley, J., Petigura, E. A., Crossfield, I. J. M., Treasure, J., Pearson, K., et al. (2018) · DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) · Cited by 8
Two Transiting Hot Jupiters from the WASP Survey: WASP-150b and WASP-176b
Cooke, B., Pollacco, D., Almleaky, Y., Barkaoui, K., Benkhaldoun, Z., Blake, J., Bouchy, F., Boumis, P., Brown, D., Bruni, I., et al. (2020) · Keele Research Repository (Keele University) · Cited by 8
Self-citationFormation of Multiple-planet Systems in Resonant Chains around M Dwarfs
Lin, Y.-C., Matsumoto, Y., & Gu, P. (2021) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abd0f3 · Cited by 8
“Next, we discuss the compositions of TRAPPIST-1 planets.”
BackgroundInfluentialDietrich, J., Apai, D., & Malhotra, R. (2022) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac4166 · Cited by 8
“However, there are notable examples of multiplanet resonant chains that are stable (e.g., Gillon et al. 2017b; HardegreeUllman et al. 2021).”
BackgroundInfluentialEarth as a Proxy Exoplanet: Simulating DSCOVR/EPIC Observations Using the Earth Spectrum Simulator
Gu, L., Zeng, Z., Fan, S., Natraj, V., Jiang, J. H., Crisp, D., Yung, Y. L., & Hu, Y. (2022) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac5e2e · Cited by 8
“Among them, some terrestrial-size or terrestrial-mass planets are in habitable zones, e.g., exoplanets in the TRAPPIST-1 system (Gillon et al. 2017).”
BackgroundThe Direct Detection and Characterization of M-dwarf Planets Using Light Echoes
Sparks, W. B., White, R. L., Lupu, R. E., & Ford, H. C. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaa549 · Cited by 8
“For example, Proxima Cen (see Figures 1 and 2) has long been known to be a flare star (Shapley 1954), and TRAPPIST-1 also has numerous flares (Vida et al. 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialA Radial velocity survey of spatially resolved young, low-mass binaries
Durkan, S., Janson, M., Ciceri, S., Brandner, W., Schlieder, J. E., Henning, T. K., Bonnefoy, M., Kankare, J., & Watson, C. A. (2018) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201732156 · Cited by 8
Aliasing in the Radial Velocities of YZ Ceti: An Ultra-short Period for YZ Ceti c?
Robertson, P. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aadc0b · Cited by 8
“TRAPPIST-1, a nearby M8 dwarf, was shown to host a multi-resonant network of seven low-mass exoplanets (Gillon et al. 2017), three of which lie within the liquidwater habitable zone (HZ; Kopparapu et al. 2013).”
BackgroundClaveria, R. M., Mendez, R. A., Silva, J. F., & Orchard, M. E. (2019) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1088/1538-3873/ab22e2 · Cited by 8
“…up an important part of the Kepler Mission data processing pipeline (Rowe et al. 2014; Gautier III et al. 2012), recent findings such as the celebrated discovery of seven temperate terrestrial planets orbiting the ultra-cool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 (Gillon et al. 2017) relied to some extent on MCMC.”
BackgroundLaboratory exploration of mineral precipitates from Europa's subsurface ocean
Thompson, S. P., Kennedy, H. A., Butler, B. M., Day, S. J., Safi, E., & Evans, A. (2021) · Journal of Applied Crystallography · doi:10.1107/s1600576721008554 · Cited by 8
Simulating biosignatures from pre-oxygen photosynthesizing life on TRAPPIST-1e
Eager-Nash, J. K., Daines, S. J., McDermott, J. W., Andrews, P., Grain, L. A., Bishop, J., Rogers, A. A., Smith, J. W. G., Khalek, C., Boxer, T. J., et al. (2024) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stae1142 · Cited by 11
MINDS: Strong oxygen depletion in the inner regions of a very low-mass star disk?
Kanwar, J., Kamp, I., Woitke, P., van Dishoeck, E. F., Henning, T. K., Liu, Y., Kaeufer, T., Tabone, B., Güdel, M., Barrado, D., et al. (2025) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202451844 · Cited by 7
Characterizing Exoplanet Habitability
Kopparapu, R. (2005) · University of Arizona Press eBooks · doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816540068-ch017 · Cited by 8
Progress on Exoplanet Detection and Research in Space
Zhou, J., Xie, J., Ge, J., Ji, J., Dou, J., Dong, S., Liu, H.-G., Wei, W. A. N. G., Guo, J., Yu, C., et al. (2024) · Chinese Journal of Space Science · doi:10.11728/cjss2024.01.2024-yg01 · Cited by 8
TOI-2015 b: A Warm Neptune with Transit Timing Variations Orbiting an Active Mid-type M Dwarf
Jones, S., Stefánsson, G., Masuda, K., Libby-Roberts, J. E., Gardner, C. N., Holcomb, R. J., Beard, C., Robertson, P. M., Cañas, C. I., Mahadevan, S., et al. (2024) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad55ea · Cited by 7
Closeby Habitable Exoplanet Survey (CHES). II. An Observation Strategy for the Target Stars
Tan, D., Ji, J., Bao, C., Huang, X., Chen, G., Wang, S., Dong, Y., Li, H., Zhang, J., Fang, L., et al. (2024) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad6f01 · Cited by 7
Formation of Super-Earths and Mini-Neptunes from Rings of Planetesimals
Shibata, S., & Izidoro, A. (2025) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ada3d1 · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Gillon, M., Triaud, A. H. M. J., Demory, B.-O., Jehin, E., Agol, E., Deck, K. M., Lederer, S. M., de Wit, J., Burdanov, A., Ingalls, J. G., Bolmont, E., Leconte, J., Raymond, S. N., Selsis, F., Turbet, M., Barkaoui, K., Burgasser, A., Burleigh, M. R., Carey, S. J., Chaushev, A., Copperwheat, C. M., Delrez, L., Fernandes, C. S., Holdsworth, D. L., Kotze, E. J., Van Grootel, V., Almleaky, Y., Benkhaldoun, Z., Magain, P., & Queloz, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Liège (BE)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- University of Bern (CH)
- NASA Astrobiology Institute (US)
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Cadi Ayyad University (MA)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- University of Leicester (GB)
- University of Lancashire (GB)
- South African Astronomical Observatory (ZA)
- King Abdulaziz University (SA)
- University of Geneva (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Gillon, Michaël
- ORCID
- Gillon, Michaël
- Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.
- Demory, Brice-Olivier
- Jehin, Emmanuël
- Agol, Eric
- Deck, Katherine M.
- Lederer, Susan M.
- Burdanov, Artem
- Ingalls, James G.
- Raymond, Sean N.
- Selsis, Franck
- Turbet, Martin
- Barkaoui, Khalid
- Burgasser, Adam
- Burleigh, Matthew R.
- Carey, Sean J.
- Delrez, Laetitia
- Holdsworth, Daniel L.
- Kotze, Enrico J.
- Benkhaldoun, Zouhair
- Queloz, Didier
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2017-02
- Volume
- 542
- Issue
- 7642
- Pages
- 456-460
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC5330437
- OpenAlex
- W2590741408
- Cited by
- 1,555
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 55 · 2025: 106 · 2024: 129 · 2023: 124 · 2022: 131 · 2021: 121 · 2020: 251 · 2019: 207 · 2018: 260 · 2017: 164
- FWCI
- 131.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CLOK (University of Central Lancashire) (acceptedVersion)
- Liverpool John Moores University (acceptedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- ORBi (University of Liège) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Oskar-Bordeaux (Universite de Bordeaux) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (1615315)
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNX13AF62G)
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-13-BS05-0003)
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (163967)
- Science and Technology Facilities Council (1362676, ST/L001306/1, ST/L00061X/1, ST/P006892/1, ST/N000757/1, ST/J001465/1, ST/M000966/1, ST/N001524/1, ST/P002218/1, ST/M003035/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Instrumentation › Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life
- Keywords
- TRAPPIST-1, exoplanets, Earth-sized planets, transit photometry, orbital resonance, planet migration, equilibrium temperature, habitability, liquid water, atmospheric characterization, planetary system architecture
- MeSH terms
- Extraterrestrial Environment, Temperature, Water, Planets, Exobiology, Stars, Celestial
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