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Seven temperate terrestrial planets around the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1
Open accessAbstract
One aim of modern astronomy is to detect temperate, Earth-like exoplanets that are well suited for atmospheric characterization. Recently, three Earth-sized planets were detected that transit (that is, pass in front of) a star with a mass just eight per cent that of the Sun, located 12 parsecs away. The transiting configuration of these planets, combined with the Jupiter-like size of their host star-named TRAPPIST-1-makes possible in-depth studies of their atmospheric properties with present-day and future astronomical facilities. Here we report the results of a photometric monitoring campaign of that star from the ground and space. Our observations reveal that at least seven planets with sizes and masses similar to those of Earth revolve around TRAPPIST-1. The six inner planets form a near-resonant chain, such that their orbital periods (1.51, 2.42, 4.04, 6.06, 9.1 and 12.35 days) are near-ratios of small integers. This architecture suggests that the planets formed farther from the star and migrated inwards. Moreover, the seven planets have equilibrium temperatures low enough to make possible the presence of liquid water on their surfaces.
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“Better understanding the impact of environmental limitations on the origin and early evolution of life, such as UV flux, can help determine the habitability of planetary bodies that are even outside our own solar system, such as planets around stars with high UV fluxes, e.g., the TRAPPIST-1 system (Gillon et al. 2017;O'Malley-James and Kaltenegger 2017).”
From Environmental Adaptation from the Origin of Life to the Last Universal Common Ancestor (2018) · cites this paper as Gillon et al. 2017
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Bitsch, B., Raymond, S. N., & Izidoro, A. (2019) · Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935007/pdf · Cited by 82
Self-citationPredicted Number, Multiplicity, and Orbital Dynamics of TESS M-dwarf Exoplanets
Ballard, S. A. (2019) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aaf477 · Cited by 71
“…ground-based photometric surveys such as MEarth (Nutzman & Charbonneau 2008) and TRAPPIST (Gillon et al. 2011) have already demonstrated the ability to detect planets < 2⊕ orbiting M dwarfs (Charbonneau et al. 2009; Berta-Thompson et al. 2015; Dittmann et al. 2017; Gillon et al. 2017).”
BackgroundLouie, D. R., Deming, D., Albert, L., Bouma, L. G., Bean, J. L., & López‐Morales, M. (2018) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1088/1538-3873/aaa87b · Cited by 71
“Gillon et al. (2016, 2017) determined that TRAPPIST-1 hosts at least seven Earthsized planets that are likely to be tidally synchronized. de Wit et al. (2016) analyzed the combined transmission spectrum of TRAPPIST-1 b and c, determining that the featureless spectrum ruled out a cloud-free…”
BackgroundExoplanet-induced Radio Emission from M Dwarfs
Turnpenney, S., Nichols, J. D., Wynn, G. A., & Burleigh, M. R. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaa59c · Cited by 71
“Recently, seven terrestrial planets have been discovered orbiting the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 (Gillon et al. 2016, 2017), and an Earthsized planet, Proxima b, has been observed orbiting our nearest stellar neighbour, Proxima Centauri (AngladaEscudé et al. 2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationA tale of planet formation: from dust to planets
Liu, B., & Ji, J. (2020) · Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1088/1674-4527/20/10/164 · Cited by 82
“The follow-up numerical simulations by Schoonenberg et al. (2019) verified that these forming planets have ≈10% water mass fractions, consistent with bulk density measurements and interior modeling of the TRAPPIST-1 planets (Grimm et al. 2018; Unterborn et al. 2017; Dorn et al. 2018).”
BackgroundThe Densities of Planets in Multiple Stellar Systems
Furlan, E., & Howell, S. B. (2017) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa7b70 · Cited by 70
“Howell et al. (2016) carried out speckle imaging of TRAPPIST-1 and were able to exclude a companion star or brown dwarf from 0.32 to 14.5 au from the star; their results complemented the RV measurements from Barnes et al. (2014), which ruled out stellar companions within about 0.15 au.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe High-energy Radiation Environment around a 10 Gyr M Dwarf: Habitable at Last?
France, K., Duvvuri, G., Egan, H., Koskinen, T., Wilson, D. J., Youngblood, A., Froning, C. S., Berta-Thompson, Z. K., Alvarado‐Gómez, J. D., Berta Thompson, Z. K., et al. (2020) · CONICET Digital (CONICET) · Cited by 70
The TRAPPIST-1 Habitable Atmosphere Intercomparison (THAI). I. Dry Cases—The Fellowship of the GCMs
Turbet, M., Fauchez, T. J., Sergeev, D. E., Boutle, I., Tsigaridis, K., Way, M. J., Wolf, E. T., Domagal-Goldman, S. D., Forget, F., Haqq-Misra, J. D., et al. (2022) · The Planetary Science Journal · doi:10.3847/psj/ac6cf0 · Cited by 70
“Specifically, observations of the TRAPPIST-1 planets (Gillon et al. 2017) with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) are likely to be our first real opportunity to characterize the surface and atmosphere of planets with a similar mass, radius and bolometric irradiation to Earth but orbiting other…”
BackgroundSelf-citationGround-based adaptive optics coronagraphic performance under closed-loop predictive control
Males, J. R., & Guyon, O. (2018) · Journal of Astronomical Telescopes Instruments and Systems · doi:10.1117/1.jatis.4.1.019001 · Cited by 69
Sergeev, D. E., Lambert, F. H., Mayne, N. J., Boutle, I., Manners, J. C., & Kohary, K. I. (2020) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab8882 · Cited by 79
Vida, K., Oláh, K., Kővári, Z., van Driel-Gesztelyi, L., Moór, A., & Pál, A. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab41f5 · Cited by 68
“…Centauri is one of the few currently known ultracool objects that host an Earth-mass planet in its habitable zone, alongside the TRAPPIST-1 system (Gillon et al. 2017), Teegarden’s star (Zechmeister et al. 2019), and the recently discovered GJ 1061 (Dreizler et al. 2019) and TOI-270 (Günther et…”
BackgroundGrowth after the streaming instability
Liu, B., Ormel, C. W., & Johansen, A. (2019) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834174 · Cited by 68
“It can be applied to model “complete” (as far as one can tell) planetary systems, such as those discovered around TRAPPIST-1 (Gillon et al. 2017).”
BackgroundChen, H., Wolf, E. T., Zhan, Z., & Horton, D. E. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab4f7e · Cited by 65
“Recent discoveries of Proxima Centauri b, the TRAPPIST-1 system, and LHS 1140b (Anglada-Escudé et al. 2016; Dittmann et al. 2017; Gillon et al. 2017) show that remote examination of small rocky planets is within reach.”
BackgroundStellar Parameters for Trappist-1
Grootel, V. V., Fernandes, C. S., Gillon, M., Jehin, E., Manfroid, J., Scuflaire, R., Burgasser, A. J., Barkaoui, K., Benkhaldoun, Z., Burdanov, A., et al. (2018) · Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern) · doi:10.7892/boris.126867 · Cited by 67
Self-citationTESS Delivers Its First Earth-sized Planet and a Warm Sub-Neptune
Dragomir, D., Teske, J. K., Günther, M. N., Ségransan, D., Burt, J., Huang, C. X., Vanderburg, A. M., Matthews, E. C., Dumusque, X., Stassun, K. G., et al. (2019) · University of Southern Queensland ePrints (University of Southern Queensland) · Cited by 67
The Mega-MUSCLES Spectral Energy Distribution of TRAPPIST-1
Wilson, D. J., Froning, C. S., Duvvuri, G. M., France, K. C., Youngblood, A. A., Schneider, P. C., Berta-Thompson, Z. K., Brown, A., Buccino, A. P., Hawley, S. L., et al. (2021) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abe771 · Cited by 67
“Discovered by the TRansiting Planets and PlanestIsimals Small Telescope (TRAPPIST) survey in 2015 (Gillon et al. 2016), the system is comprised of an M8 ultracool dwarf star orbited by seven planets, all of which have similar masses and radii to Earth and Venus (Gillon et al. 2017; Wang et al. 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialAurora: A Generalized Retrieval Framework for Exoplanetary Transmission Spectra
Welbanks, L., & Madhusudhan, N. (2021) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abee94 · Cited by 60
VPLanet: The Virtual Planet Simulator
Barnes, R., Luger, R., Deitrick, R., Driscoll, P., Quinn, T. R., Fleming, D. P., Smotherman, H., McDonald, D. V., Wilhelm, C., Garcia, R., et al. (2020) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1088/1538-3873/ab3ce8 · Cited by 67
“Lincowski et al. (2018) combined stellar evolution and atmospheric escape to track water loss and oxygen build-up on the TRAPPIST-1 planets.”
BackgroundInfluentialFauchez, T. J., Villanueva, G. L., Sergeev, D. E., Turbet, M., Boutle, I., Tsigaridis, K., Way, M. J., Wolf, E. T., Domagal-Goldman, S. D., Forget, F., et al. (2022) · The Planetary Science Journal · doi:10.3847/psj/ac6cf1 · Cited by 66
“TRAPPIST-1e belongs to the seven small transiting planet system TRAPPIST-1 (Gillon et al. 2016, 2017; Luger et al. 2017) at 12.0 pc away.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationThe Stellar Activity of TRAPPIST-1 and Consequences for the Planetary Atmospheres
Roettenbacher, R. M., & Kane, S. R. (2017) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa991e · Cited by 63
“We calculated the incident flux and escape velocities for the TRAPPIST-1 planets based on the planetary and stellar properties provided by Gillon et al. (2017), where the bolometric luminosity is the result of spectral energy distribution analysis by Filippazzo et al. (2015).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCharacterisation of the hydrospheres of TRAPPIST-1 planets
Acuña, L., Deleuil, M., Mousis, O. J., Marcq, E., Lévesque, M., & Aguichine, A. (2021) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039885 · Cited by 65
“We choose the set of stars by constraining the C/O mole ratio to be less than 0.8, and the stellar metallicity between −0.04 and 0.12, as this is the metallicity range calculated for TRAPPIST-1 by Gillon et al. (2017).”
MethodInfluentialK2 Ultracool Dwarfs Survey. III. White Light Flares Are Ubiquitous in M6-L0 Dwarfs
Paudel, R. R., Gizis, J. E., Mullan, D. J., Schmidt, S. J., Burgasser, A. J., Williams, P. K. G., & Berger, E. (2018) · Maryland Shared Open Access Repository (USMAI Consortium) · doi:10.13016/m2o6ru-kmdn · Cited by 65
Self-citationA Super-Earth and Sub-Neptune Transiting the Late-type M Dwarf LP 791-18
Crossfield, I. J. M., Waalkes, W. C., Newton, E. R., Narita, N., Muirhead, P. S., Ment, K., Matthews, E. C., Kraus, A. L., Kostov, V., Kosiarek, M., et al. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab3d30 · Cited by 64
“Additional planets could be identified by long-duration timeseries photometry (as were sought around GJ 1214; Fraine et al. 2013; Gillon et al. 2014, and seen around TRAPPIST-1; Gillon et al.; Luger et al.).”
BackgroundInfluentialInterior structures and tidal heating in the TRAPPIST-1 planets
Barr, A. C., Dobos, V., & Kiss, L. L. (2018) · Repository of the Academy's Library (Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences) · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731992/pdf · Cited by 64
Two temperate super-Earths transiting a nearby late-type M dwarf
Delrez, L., Murray, C. A., Pozuelos, F. J., Narita, N., Ducrot, E., Timmermans, M., Watanabe, N., Burgasser, A. J., Hirano, T., Rackham, B. V., et al. (2022) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244041 · Cited by 64
Self-citationGlaciers and Ice Sheets As Analog Environments of Potentially Habitable Icy Worlds
García‐López, E., & Cid, C. (2017) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01407 · Cited by 67
“Moreover, recent observations revealed that seven planets similar to Earth rotate around their host star named TRAPPIST-1 (Gillon et al., 2017).”
BackgroundPossible Bright Starspots on TRAPPIST-1
Morris, B. M., Agol, E., Davenport, J. R. A., & Hawley, S. L. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aab6a5 · Cited by 64
“TRAPPIST-1 is an M8V star and host to at least seven Earthsized planets (Gillon et al. 2016, 2017).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationAnalyzing Atmospheric Temperature Profiles and Spectra of M Dwarf Rocky Planets
Malik, M., Kempton, E., Koll, D., Mansfield, M., Bean, J., & Kite, E. (2019) · Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab4a05 · Cited by 47
“Together with the star’s Kband magnitude of 10.3 (Gillon et al. 2017) this goal may be just out of reach of current and near-future instruments.”
BackgroundInfluentialExoplanets as probes of the winds of host stars: the case of the M dwarf GJ 436
Vidotto, A. A., & Bourrier, V. (2017) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1543 · Cited by 63
“…dM stars have been central in the search for potentially habitable terrestrial planets – their large numbers in the Galaxy, small radii, and closer-in habitable zones makes them the prime targets to detect exoplanets orbiting within this region (e.g. Gillon et al. 2017; Dittmann et al. 2017).”
BackgroundPrecision radial velocity measurements by the forward-modeling technique in the near-infrared
Hirano, T., Kuzuhara, M., Kotani, T., Omiya, M., Kudo, T., Harakawa, H., Vievard, S., Kurokawa, T., Nishikawa, J., Tamura, M., et al. (2020) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan · doi:10.1093/pasj/psaa085 · Cited by 63
“Assuming that the temperature and rotation velocity of TRAPPIST-1 are respectively Teff = 2559 K (Gillon et al. 2017) and vsini≈ 1.5 km s−1(Hirano et al. 2020), the expected RV precision according to Figure 14 is 4.8− 7.1 m s−1 in case of the solar metallicity, which is fully consistent with the…”
InfluentialSolar System Physics for Exoplanet Research
Horner, J., Kane, S. R., Marshall, J. P., Dalba, P. A., Holt, T. R., Wood, J., Maynard-Casely, H. E., Wittenmyer, R., Lykawka, P. S., Hill, M., et al. (2020) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1088/1538-3873/ab8eb9 · Cited by 72
Hubble WFC3 Spectroscopy of the Habitable-zone Super-Earth LHS 1140 b
Edwards, B., Changeat, Q., Mori, M., Anisman, L., Morvan, M., Yip, K. H., Tsiaras, A., Al-Refaie, A. F., Waldmann, I. P., & Tinetti, G. (2021) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 62
HAZMAT. III. The UV Evolution of Mid- to Late-M Stars with GALEX
Schneider, A. C., & Shkolnik, E. L. (2018) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aaaa24 · Cited by 62
“Thus, the prolonged UV activity seen for low-mass Ms, which we attribute to different rotation rates for early-Ms and fully convective mid- to lateMs, can have serious consequences for the potential habitability and the detection of such habitability of Proxima Cen b (Anglada-Escudé et al. 2016) and LHS 1140b (Dittman…”
BackgroundInfluentialLimits on Clouds and Hazes for the TRAPPIST-1 Planets
Moran, S. E., Hörst, S. M., Batalha, N. E., Lewis, N. K., & Wakeford, H. R. (2018) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aae83a · Cited by 61
“The TRAPPIST-1 system (Gillon et al. 2017) is the first known multi-planet system of Earth-sized worlds.”
BackgroundIh, J., Kempton, E. M.-R., Whittaker, E. A., & Lessard, M. (2023) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ace03b · Cited by 61
“The system is also of extreme interest because it hosts multiple terrestrial planets, including several that reside in or near the habitable zone (Gillon et al. 2017).”
BackgroundThe Influence of a Substellar Continent on the Climate of a Tidally Locked Exoplanet
Lewis, N. T., Lambert, F. H., Boutle, I., Mayne, N. J., Manners, J. C., & Acreman, D. M. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaad0a · Cited by 59
“…Proxima Centauri B (Turbet et al. 2016; Boutle et al. 2017; Del Genio et al. 2017, discovery: AngladaEscudé et al. 2016) and the Trappist-1 planets (Wolf 2017; Turbet et al. 2017, discovery: Gillon et al. 2017) M-dwarf stars are believed to make up approximately 75% of stars on the main sequence.”
BackgroundUsing Deep Space Climate Observatory Measurements to Study the Earth as an Exoplanet
Jiang, J. H., Zhai, A. J., Herman, J. R., Zhai, C., Hu, R., Su, H., Natraj, V., Li, J., Xu, F., & Yung, Y. L. (2018) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aac6e2 · Cited by 60
Mass–Radius Relationship for M Dwarf Exoplanets: Comparing Nonparametric and Parametric Methods
Kanodia, S., Wolfgang, A., Stefánsson, G., Ning, B., & Mahadevan, S. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab334c · Cited by 60
“Conversely, the M dwarf dataset is strongly affected by the presence of the TRAPPIST-1 planets (Gillon et al. 2017), whose masses are reported by Grimm et al. (2018) to both small and quite precise.”
BackgroundDreizler, S., Jeffers, S. V., Rodríguez, E., Zechmeister, M., Barnes, J. R., Haswell, C. A., Coleman, G. A. L., Lalitha, S., Soto, D. H., Strachan, J. B. P., et al. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa248 · Cited by 60
“For comparison we plot selected planets (including Proxima b Anglada-Escudé et al. 2016, TRAPPIST-1 e, f, and g Gillon et al. 2017, Teegarden’s star b and c Zechmeister et al. 2019, and GJ 357 d Luque et al. 2019) and the Earth (black-blue circled plus) at the top. ploring the Diversity of Extrasolar Planets’ (RE 166…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialHoward, W. S., Corbett, H., Law, N. M., Ratzloff, J. K., Glazier, A., Fors Aldrich, O., Ser Badia, D. D., & Haislip, J. (2019) · Dipòsit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona (Universitat de Barcelona) · Cited by 59
TRAPPIST-1: Global results of the Spitzer Exploration Science Program Red Worlds★
Ducrot, E., Gillon, M., Delrez, L., Agol, E., Rimmer, P. B., Turbet, M., Günther, M. N., Demory, B.-O., Triaud, A. H. M. J., Bolmont, É., et al. (2020) · Apollo (University of Cambridge) · doi:10.17863/cam.55531 · Cited by 59
Self-citationLHS 1140 b Is a Potentially Habitable Water World
Damiano, M., Bello-Arufe, A., Yang, J., & Hu, R. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad5204 · Cited by 59
“5 R ⊕ ) HZ planets potentially suitable for atmospheric studies by JWST are in the TRAPPIST-1 system (Gillon et al. 2017).”
MethodDiscovery of Three New Transiting Hot Jupiters: WASP-161 b, WASP-163 b, and WASP-170 b
Barkaoui, K., Burdanov, A., Hellier, C., Gillon, M., Smalley, B., Maxted, P. F. L., Lendl, M., Triaud, A. H. M. J., Anderson, D. R., McCormac, J., et al. (2019) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aaf422 · Cited by 57
“…in the SPECULOOS project that aims to explore the nearest ultracool dwarf stars for transiting terrestrial planets (Burdanov et al. 2017; Gillon et al. 2017; Delrez et al. 2018; Gillon 2018); the search for the transit of planets previously detected by radial velocity (Bonfils et al.…”
BackgroundSelf-citationGagliuffi, D. C. B., Burgasser, A. J., Schmidt, S. J., Theissen, C. A., Gagné, J., Gillon, M., Sahlmann, J., Faherty, J. K., Gelino, C. R., Cruz, K. L., et al. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab253d · Cited by 59
“This sample also has the potential to reveal UCD hosts to habitable-zone terrestrial planets like those orbiting TRAPPIST-1 (Gillon et al. 2016, 2017).”
BackgroundSelf-citationColloquium: Physical constraints for the evolution of life on exoplanets
Lingam, M., & Loeb, A. (2019) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.91.021002 · Cited by 64
Pebble-driven planet formation around very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs
Lambrechts, M., Johansen, A., Pascucci, I., & Henning, T. K. (2020) · Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037720/pdf · Cited by 58
Nakayama, A., Ikoma, M., & Terada, N. (2022) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac86ca · Cited by 58
“Recent exoplanet surveys have already detected about two dozen likely rocky planets similar in insolation to the Earth, including TRAPPIST-1 d, e, and f (Gillon et al. 2016, 2017).”
BackgroundThe Prevalence of Resonance Among Young, Close-in Planets
Dai, F., Goldberg, M., Batygin, K., van Saders, J. L., Chiang, E., Choksi, N., Li, R., Petigura, E. A., Gilbert, G. J., Millholland, S., et al. (2024) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad83a6 · Cited by 81
“We caution there is only one 7-planet system (TRAPPIST-1, Gillon et al. 2017; Luger et al. 2017) and one 8-planet sys-tem (Kepler-90, Shallue & Vanderburg 2018) in our sample.”
BackgroundEnhanced interplanetary panspermia in the TRAPPIST-1 system
Lingam, M., & Loeb, A. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1703517114 · Cited by 60
“On substituting the appropriate parameters (7), we find”
BackgroundMethodCombined analysis of the 12.8 and 15 μm JWST/MIRI eclipse observations of TRAPPIST-1 b
Ducrot, E., Lagage, P.-O., Min, M., Gillon, M., Bell, T. J., Tremblin, P., Greene, T. P., Dyrek, A., Bouwman, J., Waters, L. B. F. M., et al. (2024) · Nature Astronomy · doi:10.1038/s41550-024-02428-z · Cited by 57
Self-citationThe composition and mineralogy of rocky exoplanets: A survey of >4000 stars from the Hypatia Catalog
Putirka, K., & Rarick, J. C. (2019) · American Mineralogist · doi:10.2138/am-2019-6787 · Cited by 56
(21889715), D. S., (16197626), F. L., (7803353), N. M., (21875765), I. B., (13726132), J. M., & (21869363), K. K. (2025) · Figshare · Cited by 56
Potential Atmospheric Compositions of TRAPPIST-1 c Constrained by JWST/MIRI Observations at 15 μm
Lincowski, A., Meadows, V., Zieba, S., Kreidberg, L., Morley, C. V., Gillon, M., Selsis, F., Agol, E., Bolmont, É., Ducrot, E., et al. (2023) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acee02 · Cited by 68
Self-citationWidemann, T., SMREKAR, S. E., Garvin, J. B., Straume-Lindner, A. G., Ocampo, A., Schulte, M. D., Voirin, T., Hensley, S., Dyar, M. D., Whitten, J. L., et al. (2023) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-023-00992-w · Cited by 58
Planet–Planet Occultations in TRAPPIST-1 and Other Exoplanet Systems
Luger, R., Lustig‐Yaeger, J., & Agol, E. (2017) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa9c43 · Cited by 55
“In Figure 1 we plot these tracks for the mean orbital parameters reported in Gillon et al. (2017) and Luger et al. (2017).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationGillon, M. (2018) · Nature Astronomy · doi:10.1038/s41550-018-0443-y · Cited by 56
Self-citationSensitive probing of exoplanetary oxygen via mid-infrared collisional absorption
Fauchez, T. J., Villanueva, G. L., Schwieterman, E. W., Turbet, M., Arney, G., Pidhorodetska, D., Kopparapu, R. K., Mandell, A. M., & Domagal-Goldman, S. D. (2020) · Nature Astronomy · doi:10.1038/s41550-019-0977-7 · Cited by 56
Self-citationKrissansen‐Totton, J., & Fortney, J. J. (2022) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac69cb · Cited by 55
“The Trappist-1 system (Gillon et al. 2017; Luger et al. 2017), provides seven favorable targets for comparative planetology due to the star’s small size and proximity to Earth (Turbet et al. 2020a).”
BackgroundHoward, W. S., Kowalski, A. F., Flagg, L., MacGregor, M. A., Lim, O., Radica, M., Piaulet, C., Roy, P.-A., Lafreniére, D., Benneke, B., et al. (2023) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acfe75 · Cited by 55
“Flares observed by Spitzer to partially overlap transits of TRAPPIST-1 planets in Gillon et al. ( 2017 ) have raised concerns about fl are contamination ( Davenport 2017 ) .”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialDim Prospects for Transmission Spectra of Ocean Earths around M Stars
Suissa, G., Mandell, A. M., Wolf, E. T., Villanueva, G. L., Fauchez, T. J., & Kopparapu, R. (2020) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab72f9 · Cited by 55
“…this magnitude threshold so that we can maximize the photon flux of our stars to decrease our photon-noise limit, while still including ultra-cool dwarfs with small stellar radii similar to TRAPPIST-1 (Kmag = 10.3, Gillon et al. (2017)), the current benchmark for ultra-cool transiting systems.”
BackgroundInfluentialA hot terrestrial planet orbiting the bright M dwarf L 168-9 unveiled by TESS
Astudillo-Defru, N., Cloutier, R., Wang, S. X., Teske, J. K., Brahm, R., Hellier, C., Ricker, G. R., Vanderspek, R. K., Latham, D. W., Seager, S., et al. (2020) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201937179 · Cited by 55
Interior Characterization in Multiplanetary Systems: TRAPPIST-1
Dorn, C., Mosegaard, K., Grimm, S. L., & Alibert, Y. (2018) · Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aad95d · Cited by 54
“Masses and radii of the planets as estimated by (Gillon et al. 2017), suggest that all planets can have volatiles in ei- ther gas or water layers or can be rocky, while only planet f actually requires significant layer of volatiles in order to explain its low bulk density.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Nominal Ranges of Rocky Planet Masses, Radii, Surface Gravities, and Bulk Densities
Unterborn, C. T., Desch, S. J., Haldemann, J., Lorenzo, A., Schulze, J. G., Hinkel, N. R., & Panero, W. R. (2023) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acaa3b · Cited by 54
“Volatile layers (e.g., liquid water or H2 gas) on the surface of a rocky exoplanet also lower the density of the exoplanet compared to the volatile-free case (e.g., Seager et al. 2007; Gillon et al. 2016, 2017; Unterborn et al. 2018a; Haldemann et al. 2020).”
BackgroundEffect of Deep Eutectic Solvent Nanostructure on Phospholipid Bilayer Phases
Bryant, S. J., Atkin, R., & Warr, G. G. (2017) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01561 · Cited by 55
Multiple Climate States of Habitable Exoplanets: The Role of Obliquity and Irradiance
Kilic, C., Raible, C. C., & Stocker, T. F. (2017) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa7a03 · Cited by 54
“With the recent discovery of entire planetary systems within the habitable zone (Gillon et al. 2017), such information would be particularly informative, and some research has shown that this is in principle possible (Carter & Winn 2010; Zhu et al. 2014).”
BackgroundKral, Q., Wyatt, M. C., Triaud, A. H. M. J., Marino, S., Thébault, P., & Shorttle, O. (2018) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1677 · Cited by 54
“1 IN T RO D U C T I O N The nearby (d = 12 pc) M8V ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 (2MASS J23062928 − 0502285) is now known to be surrounded by at least seven terrestrial-like planets (Gillon et al. 2016, 2017; Luger et al. 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationA Limited Habitable Zone for Complex Life
Schwieterman, E. W., Reinhard, C. T., Olson, S. L., Harman, C. E., & Lyons, T. W. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab1d52 · Cited by 62
“2016; Gillon et al. 2017; Lincowski et al. 2018; Meadows et al. 2018; Ribas et al. 2016; Turbet et al. 2016; Wolf 2017).”
Sixty Validated Planets from K2 Campaigns 5-8
Livingston, J. H., Crossfield, I. J. M., Petigura, E. A., Gonzales, E. J., Ciardi, D. R., Beichman, C. A., Christiansen, J. L., Dressing, C. D., Henning, T. K., Howard, A. W., et al. (2018) · DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) · Cited by 54
Environmental Adaptation from the Origin of Life to the Last Universal Common Ancestor
Cantine, M. D., & Fournier, G. P. (2018) · Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres · doi:10.1007/s11084-017-9542-5 · Cited by 54
“…on the origin and early evolution of life, such as UV flux, can help determine the habitability of planetary bodies that are even outside our own solar system, such as planets around stars with high UV fluxes, e.g., the TRAPPIST-1 system (Gillon et al. 2017, O’Malley-James and Kaltenegger 2017).”
BackgroundEvidence for Spin–Orbit Alignment in the TRAPPIST-1 System
Hirano, T., Gaidos, E. J., Winn, J. N., Dai, F., Fukui, A., Kuzuhara, M., Kotani, T., Tamura, M., Hjorth, M., Albrecht, S. H., et al. (2020) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab74dc · Cited by 53
“The transit impact parameter b is known to correlate with v sin is and λ, especially when b is close to zero (e.g., Albrecht et al. 2011), and hence we also let b float with Gaussian priors based on the literature values (Gillon et al. 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialTransiting Exoplanet Atmospheres in the Era of JWST
Kempton, E. M.-R., & Knutson, H. A. (2024) · Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry · doi:10.2138/rmg.2024.90.12 · Cited by 65
Exploring Kepler Giant Planets in the Habitable Zone
Hill, M. L., Kane, S. R., Duarte, E. S., Kopparapu, R. K., Gelino, D. M., & Wittenmyer, R. A. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aac384 · Cited by 53
“Often overshadowed by the discoveries of numerous transiting Earth-size planets in recent years (e.g. Gillon et al. 2017; Dittmann et al. 2017), Jupiter-like planets are nonetheless a critical feature of a planetary system if we are to understand the occurrence of truly Solarsystem like…”
BackgroundA Compact Multi-planet System with a Significantly Misaligned Ultra Short Period Planet
Rodriguez, J. E., Becker, J., Eastman, J. D., Hadden, S., Vanderburg, A. M., Khain, T., Quinn, S. N., Mayo, A. W., Dressing, C. D., Schlieder, J. E., et al. (2018) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aae530 · Cited by 53
Pozuelos, F., Suárez, J., de Elía, G. D., Berdiñas, Z., Bonfanti, A., Dugaro, A., Gillon, M., Jehin, E., Günther, M., Grootel, V. V., et al. (2020) · Astronomy & Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038047 · Cited by 17
“…Earth-mass planet orbiting Proxima Centauri-b, which is located only 1.2 pc away (AngladaEscudé et al. 2016), while the seven Earth-size planets orbiting the TRAPPIST-1 system at a distance of 12.1 pc, where at least three of them are in the HZ (Gillon et al. 2016, 2017), are equally alluring.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationVida, K., Oláh, K., Kővári, Z., van Driel-Gesztelyi, L., Moór, A., & Pál, A. (2019) · Repository of the Academy's Library (Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences) · Cited by 53
The origin of RNA precursors on exoplanets.
Rimmer, P. B., Xu, J., Thompson, S. J., Gillen, E., Sutherland, J. D., & Queloz, D. P. (2018) · Apollo (University of Cambridge) · doi:10.17863/cam.72692 · Cited by 52
Self-citationCadieux, C., Plotnykov, M., Doyon, R., Valencia, D., Jahandar, F., Dang, L., Turbet, M., Fauchez, T. J., Cloutier, R., Cherubim, C., et al. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad1691 · Cited by 81
“The TRAPPIST-1 system (Gillon et al. 2017) at 12.5 pc has seven terrestrial planets, including three in the HZ, all transiting the M8V ultracool host.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationWhere can a Trappist-1 planetary system be produced?
Haworth, T. J., Facchini, S., Clarke, C. J., & Mohanty, S. (2018) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty168 · Cited by 52
“1 IN T RO D U C T I O N The recent discovery of seven planets ranging from a quarter Earth to around 1.5 Earth masses, packed within 0.06 au of the 0.08 M M dwarf Trappist-1 (Gillon et al. 2017; Wang et al. 2017), has unsurprisingly drawn considerable attention.”
BackgroundInfluentialFactors Affecting Exoplanet Habitability
Meadows, V., & Barnes, R. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55333-7_57 · Cited by 52
Peacock, S., Barman, T., Shkolnik, E. L., Hauschildt, P. H., Baron, E., & Fuhrmeister, B. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab4f6f · Cited by 52
“The majority of known terrestrial-sized exoplanets located within the canonical habitable zone are found orbiting M stars (Shields et al. 2016), including the most nearby, Proxima Centauri b (Anglada-Escudé et al. 2016) and three of the seven TRAPPIST-1 system planets (Gillon et al. 2017).”
BackgroundDemographics of disks around young very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in Lupus
Sanchis, E., Testi, L., Natta, A., Manara, C. F., Ercolano, B., Preibisch, T., Henning, T. K., Facchini, S., Miotello, A., de Gregorio-Monsalvo, I., et al. (2019) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936913 · Cited by 52
“The summed up mass of the seven known planets (Gillon et al. 2017) in Trappist is 4 MC (Wang et al. 2017).”
BackgroundUtilizing Small Telescopes Operated by Citizen Scientists for Transiting Exoplanet Follow-up
Zellem, R. T., Pearson, K. A., Blaser, E., Fowler, M., Ciardi, D. R., Biferno, A., Massey, B., Marchis, F., Baer, R., Ball, C., et al. (2020) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1088/1538-3873/ab7ee7 · Cited by 52
The large-scale magnetic field of Proxima Centauri near activity maximum
Klein, B., Donati, J. ‐., Hébrard, É. M., Zaire, B., Folsom, C. P., Morin, J., Delfosse, X., & Bonfils, X. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3396 · Cited by 52
“…the most favorable planets to further investigate habitability with forthcoming telescopes like the JWST and ELTs orbit stars with spectral type later than M4 (e.g., Berta-Thompson et al. 2015; Anglada-Escudé et al. 2016;Gillon et al. 2017;Dittmann et al. 2017; Astudillo-Defru et al. 2017b).”
BackgroundThe atmospheres of rocky exoplanets
Herbort, O., Woitke, P., Helling, C., & Zerkle, A. L. (2020) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936614 · Cited by 55
“Notable detections being the planets around our closest star Proxima Centauri (Anglada-Escudé et al. 2016), Barnard’s star (Ribas et al. 2018) and the seven planet system around Trappist 1 (Gillon et al. 2017).”
BackgroundDetection of the tidal deformation of WASP-103b at 3 σ with CHEOPS
Barros, S. C. C., Akinsanmi, B., Boué, G., Smith, A. M. S., Laskar, J., Ulmer-Moll, S., Lillo-Box, J., Queloz, D. P., Cameron, A. C., Sousa, S. G., et al. (2021) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142196 · Cited by 51
Self-citationKrissansen‐Totton, J., Wogan, N. F., Thompson, M., & Fortney, J. J. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-52642-6 · Cited by 51
“To generate imminently testable predictions, we use TRAPPIST-1e and b 43 as case studies in all model calculations, but we note that qualitative model behavior is general to all temperate planets that form with substantial nebular atmospheres.”
MethodPhysical constraints on the likelihood of life on exoplanets
Lingam, M., & Loeb, A. (2017) · International Journal of Astrobiology · doi:10.1017/s1473550417000179 · Cited by 55
“[64], while EUV fluxes were taken from Ribas et al.”
MethodEffective Induction Heating around Strongly Magnetized Stars
Kislyakova, K. G., Fossati, L., Johnstone, C. P., Noack, L., Lüftinger, T., Zaitsev, V. V., & Lammer, H. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aabae4 · Cited by 51
“Recently, Kislyakova et al. (2017) (hereafter K17) estimated the amount of induction heating caused by the star’s rotation and the planet’s orbital motion for the planets in the TRAPPIST-1 system (Gillon et al. 2017).”
BackgroundTidal response of rocky and ice-rich exoplanets
Tobie, G., Grasset, O., Dumoulin, C., & MOCQUET, A. (2019) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935297 · Cited by 51
“For example, the TRAPPIST-1 system recently discovered by Gillon et al. (2016, 2017) exhibits several small planets orbiting a low-mass star at relatively close distance (<0.1 AU), corresponding to orbital periods of a few Earth days.”
BackgroundInfluentialKaltenegger, L., MacDonald, R. J., Kozakis, T., Lewis, N. K., Mamajek, E. E., McDowell, J. C., & Vanderburg, A. M. (2020) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aba9d3 · Cited by 51
“Earth-sized planets in the M-dwarf HZ have a ∼1%–2% transit probability (e.g., Dittmann et al. 2017; Gillon et al. 2017).”
BackgroundO 2 - and CO-rich Atmospheres for Potentially Habitable Environments on TRAPPIST-1 Planets
Hu, R., Peterson, L., & Wolf, E. T. (2020) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab5f07 · Cited by 49
“Ground-based surveys have found temperate planets hosted by M dwarf stars like the TRAPPIST-1 planets and LHS 1140 b (Gillon et al. 2017; Dittmann et al. 2017).”
Mio—First Comprehensive Exploration of Mercury’s Space Environment: Mission Overview
Murakami, G., Hayakawa, H., Ogawa, H., Matsuda, S., Seki, T., Kasaba, Y., Saito, Y., Yoshikawa, I., Kobayashi, M., Baumjohann, W., et al. (2020) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-020-00733-3 · Cited by 50
Utilizing Small Telescopes Operated by Citizen Scientists for Transiting Exoplanet Follow-up
Zellem, R. T., Pearson, K. A., (13457853), E. B., Fowler, M., Ciardi, D. R., Biferno, A. A., Massey, B., Marchis, F., Baer, R., (13457871), C. B., et al. (2020) · Own your potential (DEAKIN) · Cited by 50
Iyer, A. R., & Line, M. R. (2020) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab612e · Cited by 49
“Transit spectroscopy of planets around small, cool stars offer a promising opportunity to characterize small cool worlds (e.g., Seager & Sasselov 2000; Swain et al. 2008; Huitson et al. 2012; Gillon et al. 2016, 2017; Luger et al. 2017).”
BackgroundHST/WFC3 transmission spectroscopy of the cold rocky planet TRAPPIST-1h
Garcia, L. J., Moran, S. E., Rackham, B. V., Wakeford, H. R., Gillon, M., de Wit, J., & Lewis, N. K. (2022) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142603 · Cited by 49
Self-citationHardegree-Ullman, K. K., Apai, D., Bergsten, G. J., Pascucci, I., & López‐Morales, M. (2023) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acd1ec · Cited by 53
“TRAPPIST-1 is an M8 V star at 12.5 pc hosting at least seven Earth-sized planets, including four in or near the habitable zone which could have surface liquid water (Gillon et al. 2016, 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialConfirming Variability in the Secondary Eclipse Depth of the Super-Earth 55 Cancri e
Tamburo, P., Mandell, A., Deming, D., & Garhart, E. (2018) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aabd84 · Cited by 49
Evolution of star–planet systems under magnetic braking and tidal interaction
Benbakoura, M., Réville, V., Brun, A. S., Poncin-Lafitte, C. L., & Mathis, S. (2018) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833314 · Cited by 59
Duvvuri, G. M., Pineda, J. S., Berta-Thompson, Z. K., Brown, A., France, K. C., Kowalski, A. F., Redfield, S., Tilipman, D., Vieytes, M., Wilson, D. J., et al. (2021) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abeaaf · Cited by 47
“…with contemporaneous X-ray and FUV data during quiescence and a flare (France et al. 2020); and TRAPPIST-1, an ultracool dwarf that hosts at least seven planets (Gillon et al. 2017) and tests our ability to fit the DEM in an extremely low signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) regime (Wilson et al. 2021).”
Backgroundvon Boetticher, A., Triaud, A., Queloz, D., Gill, S., Maxted, P., Almleaky, Y., Anderson, D., Bouchy, F., Burdanov, A., Collier-Cameron, A., et al. (2019) · Astronomy & Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834539 · Cited by 19
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Gillon, M., Triaud, A. H. M. J., Demory, B.-O., Jehin, E., Agol, E., Deck, K. M., Lederer, S. M., de Wit, J., Burdanov, A., Ingalls, J. G., Bolmont, E., Leconte, J., Raymond, S. N., Selsis, F., Turbet, M., Barkaoui, K., Burgasser, A., Burleigh, M. R., Carey, S. J., Chaushev, A., Copperwheat, C. M., Delrez, L., Fernandes, C. S., Holdsworth, D. L., Kotze, E. J., Van Grootel, V., Almleaky, Y., Benkhaldoun, Z., Magain, P., & Queloz, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Liège (BE)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- University of Bern (CH)
- NASA Astrobiology Institute (US)
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Cadi Ayyad University (MA)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- University of Leicester (GB)
- University of Lancashire (GB)
- South African Astronomical Observatory (ZA)
- King Abdulaziz University (SA)
- University of Geneva (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Gillon, Michaël
- ORCID
- Gillon, Michaël
- Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.
- Demory, Brice-Olivier
- Jehin, Emmanuël
- Agol, Eric
- Deck, Katherine M.
- Lederer, Susan M.
- Burdanov, Artem
- Ingalls, James G.
- Raymond, Sean N.
- Selsis, Franck
- Turbet, Martin
- Barkaoui, Khalid
- Burgasser, Adam
- Burleigh, Matthew R.
- Carey, Sean J.
- Delrez, Laetitia
- Holdsworth, Daniel L.
- Kotze, Enrico J.
- Benkhaldoun, Zouhair
- Queloz, Didier
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2017-02
- Volume
- 542
- Issue
- 7642
- Pages
- 456-460
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC5330437
- OpenAlex
- W2590741408
- Cited by
- 1,555
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 55 · 2025: 106 · 2024: 129 · 2023: 124 · 2022: 131 · 2021: 121 · 2020: 251 · 2019: 207 · 2018: 260 · 2017: 164
- FWCI
- 131.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CLOK (University of Central Lancashire) (acceptedVersion)
- Liverpool John Moores University (acceptedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- ORBi (University of Liège) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Oskar-Bordeaux (Universite de Bordeaux) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (1615315)
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNX13AF62G)
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-13-BS05-0003)
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (163967)
- Science and Technology Facilities Council (1362676, ST/L001306/1, ST/L00061X/1, ST/P006892/1, ST/N000757/1, ST/J001465/1, ST/M000966/1, ST/N001524/1, ST/P002218/1, ST/M003035/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Instrumentation › Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life
- Keywords
- TRAPPIST-1, exoplanets, Earth-sized planets, transit photometry, orbital resonance, planet migration, equilibrium temperature, habitability, liquid water, atmospheric characterization, planetary system architecture
- MeSH terms
- Extraterrestrial Environment, Temperature, Water, Planets, Exobiology, Stars, Celestial
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