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Seven temperate terrestrial planets around the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1
Open accessAbstract
One aim of modern astronomy is to detect temperate, Earth-like exoplanets that are well suited for atmospheric characterization. Recently, three Earth-sized planets were detected that transit (that is, pass in front of) a star with a mass just eight per cent that of the Sun, located 12 parsecs away. The transiting configuration of these planets, combined with the Jupiter-like size of their host star-named TRAPPIST-1-makes possible in-depth studies of their atmospheric properties with present-day and future astronomical facilities. Here we report the results of a photometric monitoring campaign of that star from the ground and space. Our observations reveal that at least seven planets with sizes and masses similar to those of Earth revolve around TRAPPIST-1. The six inner planets form a near-resonant chain, such that their orbital periods (1.51, 2.42, 4.04, 6.06, 9.1 and 12.35 days) are near-ratios of small integers. This architecture suggests that the planets formed farther from the star and migrated inwards. Moreover, the seven planets have equilibrium temperatures low enough to make possible the presence of liquid water on their surfaces.
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“Better understanding the impact of environmental limitations on the origin and early evolution of life, such as UV flux, can help determine the habitability of planetary bodies that are even outside our own solar system, such as planets around stars with high UV fluxes, e.g., the TRAPPIST-1 system (Gillon et al. 2017;O'Malley-James and Kaltenegger 2017).”
From Environmental Adaptation from the Origin of Life to the Last Universal Common Ancestor (2018) · cites this paper as Gillon et al. 2017
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Gibbs, A., Bixel, A., Rackham, B. V., Apai, D., Schlecker, M., Espinoza, N., Mancini, L., Chen, W.-P., Henning, T. K., Gabor, P., et al. (2020) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab7926 · Cited by 29
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BackgroundThe K Dwarf Advantage for Biosignatures on Directly Imaged Exoplanets
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Activity of TRAPPIST–1 analog stars observed with TESS
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3D Convection-resolving Model of Temperate, Tidally Locked Exoplanets
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“Most terrestrial-size exoplanets located in the HZ that have been detected so far (Anglada-Escudé et al. 2016; Gillon et al. 2017; Bonfils et al. 2018; Tuomi et al. 2019; Zechmeister et al. 2019) are orbiting around low mass stars, also known as M-stars, the most abundant and longest-lived stars in…”
BackgroundSelf-citationSwayne, M. I., Maxted, P. F. L., Triaud, A. H. M. J., Sousa, S. G., Broeg, C. H., Florén, H.-G., Guterman, P., Simon, A. E., Boisse, I., Bonfanti, A., et al. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1687 · Cited by 29
Self-citationTOI-216: Resonant Constraints on Planet Migration
David Nesvorný, A., Chrenko, O., & Flock, M. (2022) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac36cd · Cited by 29
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“Earth-size exoplanets are starting to be found at a heliocentric distance where liquid water may be stable (Gillon et al. , 2017; Gilbert et al. , 2020), and one of the super-Earth-size exoplanets identified in the habitable zone, K2-18b, has water vapor detected in its atmosphere (Benneke et al. ,…”
Detectability of Chlorofluorocarbons in the Atmospheres of Habitable M-dwarf Planets
Haqq-Misra, J. D., Kopparapu, R., Fauchez, T. J., Frank, A., Wright, J. T., & Lingam, M. (2022) · The Planetary Science Journal · doi:10.3847/psj/ac5404 · Cited by 30
“TRAPPIST-1 Host Star The seven-planet TRAPPIST-1 system (Gillon et al. 2017) is a target of particular interest by JWST, ELTs, and other future missions, with TRAPPIST-1e orbiting within the star’s liquid water habitable zone.”
BackgroundDiscovery and characterization of the exoplanets WASP-148b and c
Hébrard, G., Díaz, R. F., Correia, A. C. M., Cameron, A. C., Laskar, J., Pollacco, D., Almenara, J. M., Anderson, D. R., Barros, S. C. C., Boisse, I., et al. (2020) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038296 · Cited by 29
Self-citationAnatomy of rocky planets formed by rapid pebble accretion
Johansen, A., Ronnet, T., Schiller, M., Deng, Z., & Bizzarro, M. (2023) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142141 · Cited by 29
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Lobo, A. H., Shields, A. L., Palubski, I., & Wolf, E. T. (2023) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aca970 · Cited by 29
“…Tarter et al. 2007; Shields et al. 2016), over the course of the last decade many of the most promising candidates for habitability have been discovered orbiting M dwarfs, such as TRAPPIST-1 (Gillon et al. 2017), Proxima Centauri (Anglada-Escudé et al. 2016), and TOI-700 (Gilbert et al. 2020).”
BackgroundTransit-Timing and Duration Variations for the Discovery and Characterization of Exoplanets
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“This code made possible the sampling of the TRAPPIST-1 system in a small amount of CPU time (Agol et al. 2021a).”
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A minimum mass nebula for M dwarfs
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“Already, some rocky planets have been found in habitable zones (HZs) of their host stars such as Proxima Centaurib, TRAPPIST-1 (e, f, and g), and LHS1140b (Anglada-Escudé et al. 2016; Dittmann et al. 2017; Gillon et al. 2017).”
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Kepler-503b: An Object at the Hydrogen Burning Mass Limit Orbiting a Subgiant Star
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“TRAPPIST-1 (Gillon et al. 2017) was a prime example of the type of planet systems that small M stars can host.”
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“The earliest analyses of the system, in which the planet discoveries were announced, reported only upper limits for eccentricities (Gillon et al. 2017), but recent work using a longer observational baseline finds the eccentricities of all planets are non-zero, to significance levels varying between…”
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MethodSelf-citationBolmont, É., Breton, S., Tobie, G., Dumoulin, C., Mathis, S., & Grasset, O. (2020) · Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038204/pdf · Cited by 27
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Super-Earths, M Dwarfs, and Photosynthetic Organisms: Habitability in the Lab
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“Notable examples are the Trappist-1 system with seven super-Earths [51] and Proxima Cen b [52] orbiting two M stars.”
Checlair, J., Villanueva, G. L., Hayworth, B., Olson, S. L., Komacek, T. D., Robinson, T. D., Popović, P., Yang, H., & Abbot, D. S. (2021) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abdb36 · Cited by 30
“More recently, a number of Earth-sized exoplanets have been found orbiting in the habitable zone of nearby stars (e.g., Dittmann et al. 2017; Gillon et al. 2017).”
BackgroundHADES RV program with HARPS-N at the TNG
Affer, L., Damasso, M., Micela, G., Poretti, E., Scandariato, G., Maldonado, J., Lanza, A. F., Covino, E., Rubio, A. G., Hernández, J. I. G., et al. (2019) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834868 · Cited by 27
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“…et al. 2013), and PLATO (Rauer et al. 2014), while capable of probing the habitable zones (HZs) of low-mass stars (e.g., Anglada-Escudé et al. 2016; Gillon et al. 2017; Gilbert et al. 2020), will be unable to provide complete candidate target lists as their sensitivity to orbital period remains a…”
BackgroundEvidence for a radiation belt around a brown dwarf
Climent, J. B., Guirado, J. C., Pérez-Torres, M. Á., Marcaide, J. M., & Peña-Moñino, L. (2023) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.adg6635 · Cited by 27
The SOPHIE search for northern extrasolar planets
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TOI 540 b: A Planet Smaller than Earth Orbiting a Nearby Rapidly Rotating Low-mass Star
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“This is based on an estimated convective turnover time τ = 582 days that may be inaccurate as it was derived from stars with VJ −KS < 7.0 (Wright et al. 2018) whereas TRAPPIST-1 is substantially redder with VJ −KS = 8.5 (Gillon et al. 2017a).”
BackgroundInfluentialWhy Do We Find Ourselves Around a Yellow Star Instead of a Red Star?
Wolf, E. T., Haqq-Misra, J. D., & Kopparapu, R. (n.d.) · NASA STI Repository (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) · Cited by 31
JWST-TST DREAMS: NIRSpec/PRISM Transmission Spectroscopy of the Habitable Zone Planet TRAPPIST-1 e
Espinoza, N., Allen, N. H., Glidden, A., Lewis, N. K., Seager, S., Cañas, C. I., Grant, D., Gressier, A., Courreges, S., Stevenson, K. B., et al. (2025) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/adf42e · Cited by 26
“Among the rocky planetary systems amenable for atmospheric characterization with JWST , the seven Earth-sized planet system orbiting TRAPPIST-1 arguably stands as one of the most exciting to perform such detailed studies (Gillon et al. 2017).”
Truly eccentric – II. When can two circular planets mimic a single eccentric orbit?
Wittenmyer, R. A., Bergmann, C., Horner, J., Clark, J., & Kane, S. R. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz236 · Cited by 26
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BackgroundA Habitable-zone Earth-sized Planet Rescued from False Positive Status
Vanderburg, A. M., Rowden, P., Bryson, S., Coughlin, J. L., Batalha, N. M., Collins, K. A., Latham, D. W., Mullally, S. E., Colón, K. D., Henze, C., et al. (2020) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab84e5 · Cited by 26
“However, when taken together with previous suggestions of increased planet occurrence around mid M-dwarfs (Muirhead et al. 2012; Hardegree-Ullman et al. 2019) and the discovery of three Earth-sized planets in the conservative habitable zone of TRAPPIST-1 (Gillon et al. 2017), the detection of Kepler-1649c provides fur…”
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LAMOST Observations in 15 K2 Campaigns. I. Low-resolution Spectra from LAMOST DR6
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“That is unfortunate because the latter stars are subjects of many different types of research, ranging from the search of exoplanets in the habitable zones of M-type dwarfs (Gillon et al. 2017) through the study of the internal structure of pulsating hot OB sub-dwarfs.”
BackgroundExoplanet spectroscopy and photometry with the Twinkle space telescope
Edwards, B., Rice, M., Zingales, T., Tessenyi, M., Waldmann, I. P., Tinetti, G., Pascale, E., Savini, G., & Sarkar, S. (2019) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 26
Harbach, L. M., Moschou, S. P., Garraffo, C., Drake, J. J., Alvarado‐Gómez, J. D., Cohen, O., & Fraschetti, F. (2021) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abf63a · Cited by 26
Evryscope and K2 Constraints on TRAPPIST-1 Superflare Occurrence and Planetary Habitability
Glazier, A., Howard, W. S., Corbett, H., Law, N. M., Ratzloff, J. K., Fors Aldrich, O., & Ser Badia, D. D. (2020) · Dipòsit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona (Universitat de Barcelona) · Cited by 26
Ramsay, G., Kolotkov, D. Y., Doyle, J. G., & Doyle, L. (2021) · Solar Physics · doi:10.1007/s11207-021-01899-x · Cited by 29
“None of the stars in our sample has known exoplanets; however, there have been exoplanets detected around other low-mass stars within this range (e.g. the TRAPPIST-1 system Gillon et al., 2017).”
BackgroundAstrospheres of Planet-Hosting Cool Stars and Beyond ⋅ When Modeling Meets Observations
Herbst, K., Baalmann, L. R., Bykov, A. M., Engelbrecht, N. E., Ferreira, S. E. S., Измоденов, В. В., Korolkov, S. D., Левенфиш, К. П., Linsky, J. L., Meyer, D. M.-A., et al. (2022) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-022-00894-3 · Cited by 26
“Their high number, their long main-sequence lifetime, and their low luminosity, caused by their low masses and small radii, make them perfect targets in the quest for habitable rocky (Earth-like) exoplanets (see, e.g., Gillon et al. 2017; Dittmann et al. 2017).”
BackgroundMillholland, S., He, M. Y., & Zink, J. K. (2022) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac7c67 · Cited by 26
“6i k N k 1 2 We illustrate the transit chord ratio method using the TRAPPIST-1 system (Gillon et al. 2017) as an example.”
Jones, K., Morris, B. M., Demory, B.-O., Heng, K., Hooton, M. J., Billot, N., Ehrenreich, D., Hoyer, S., Simon, A. E., Lendl, M., et al. (2022) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243823 · Cited by 26
Self-citationWhen, where, and how many planets end up in first-order resonances?
Huang, S., & Ormel, C. W. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1032 · Cited by 26
Vinson, A. M., & Hansen, B. M. S. (2017) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2100 · Cited by 24
“Another recent system of interest in this regard is the TRAPPIST-1 system (Gillon et al. 2017), which contains seven transitting planets orbiting a very low mass (∼ 0.08M ) M dwarf.”
BackgroundInfluentialRed-edge position of habitable exoplanets around M-dwarfs
Takizawa, K., Minagawa, J., Tamura, M., Kusakabe, N., & Narita, N. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-07948-5 · Cited by 26
K2 Ultracool Dwarfs Survey. IV. Monster Flares Observed on the Young Brown Dwarf CFHT-BD-Tau 4
Paudel, R. R., Gizis, J. E., Mullan, D. J., Schmidt, S. J., Burgasser, A. J., Williams, P. K. G., & Berger, E. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aac8e0 · Cited by 28
Self-citationThe role of dissipative evolution for three-planet, near-resonant extrasolar systems
Pichierri, G., Batygin, K., & Morbidelli, A. (2019) · Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935259/pdf · Cited by 26
The TRAPPIST-1 JWST Community InitiativePreprint
Gillon, M., Meadows, V., Agol, E., Burgasser, A., Deming, D., Doyon, R., Fortney, J., Kreidberg, L., Owen, J., Selsis, F., et al. (2020) · Vol. 52, Issue 2 · doi:10.3847/25c2cfeb.afbf0205 · Cited by 27
Self-citationUpper limits on protolunar disc masses using ALMA observations of directly imaged exoplanets
Pérez, S., Marino, S., Casassus, S., Baruteau, C., Zurlo, A., Flores, C., & Chauvin, G. (2019) · Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1775 · Cited by 15
Possible Atmospheric Diversity of Low Mass Exoplanets – Some Central Aspects
Grenfell, J. L., Leconte, J., Forget, F., Godolt, M., Carrión-González, Ó., Noack, L., Tian, F., Rauer, H., Gaillard, F., Bolmont, É., et al. (2020) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-020-00716-4 · Cited by 27
“Exoplanetary science at the dawn of the 2020s lies at a fascinating juncture at which the basic atmospheric properties of potentially rocky worlds lying in the habitable zone are already beginning to be constrained (see e.g. De Wit et al. 2018 which focused on TRAPPIST-1 planets in the Habitable Zone).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationKMT-2018-BLG-0748Lb: sub-Saturn microlensing planet orbiting an ultracool host
Han, C., Shin, I.-G., Jung, Y. K., Kim, D., Yee, J. C., Albrow, M. D., Chung, S., Gould, A. P., Hwang, K., Lee, C., et al. (2020) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038173 · Cited by 25
From dust to planets – I. Planetesimal and embryo formation
Coleman, G. A. L. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1904 · Cited by 25
ExoPlaSim: Extending the Planet Simulator for exoplanets
Paradise, A., Macdonald, E. J. R., Kristen Menou, A., Lee, C., & Fan, B. L. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac172 · Cited by 24
Scaling K2. V. Statistical Validation of 60 New Exoplanets From K2 Campaigns 2–18
Christiansen, J. L., Bhure, S., Zink, J. K., Hardegree-Ullman, K. K., Adkins, B. D., Hedges, C., Morton, T. D., Bieryla, A., Ciardi, D. R., Cochran, W. D., et al. (2022) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac5c4c · Cited by 25
“Indeed, the K2-384 system is one of the closest analogs to the TRAPPIST-1 system that has been found, as the only other M dwarfs hosting five or more transiting planets—Kepler-186 (Quintana et al. 2014) and Kepler-296 (Barclay et al. 2015)—are early M dwarfs (0.472 Re and 0.480 Re, respectively), where K2-384 is a mid…”
BackgroundInfluentialFossati, L., Pillitteri, I., Шайхисламов, И. Ф., Bonfanti, A., Borsa, F., Carleo, I., Guilluy, G., & Rumenskikh, M. S. (2023) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202245667 · Cited by 25
The ultraviolet habitable zone of exoplanets
Spinelli, R., Borsa, F., Ghirlanda, G., Ghisellini, G., & Haardt, F. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad928 · Cited by 28
Planetesimals at DZ stars – I. Chondritic compositions and a massive accretion event
Swan, A., Farihi, J., Melis, C., Dufour, P., Desch, S. J., Koester, D., & Guo, J. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad2867 · Cited by 25
Schlecker, M., Apai, D., Lichtenberg, T., Bergsten, G. J., Salvador, A., & Hardegree-Ullman, K. K. (2024) · The Planetary Science Journal · doi:10.3847/psj/acf57f · Cited by 25
“Systems harboring planets on both sides of the transition, such as TRAPPIST-1 (Gillon et al. 2016, 2017; Luger et al. 2017; Agol et al. 2021), K2-3 (Diamond-Lowe et al. 2022), or Kepler-138 (Piaulet et al. 2022), may show the predicted abrupt radius and density change, provided the initial volatile…”
BackgroundJASMINE: Near-infrared astrometry and time-series photometry science
Kawata, D., Kawahara, H., Gouda, N., Secrest, N. J., Kano, R., Kataza, H., Isobe, N., Ohsawa, R., Usui, F., Yamada, Y., et al. (2024) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan · doi:10.1093/pasj/psae020 · Cited by 35
Self-organizing systems in planetary physics: Harmonic resonances of planet and moon orbits
Aschwanden, M. J. (2017) · New Astronomy · doi:10.1016/j.newast.2017.08.002 · Cited by 25
“Just at the time of submission of this paper, the discovery of the Trappist-1 planetary system was announced (Gillon et al. 2017, Pletser and Basano 2017; Scholkmann 2017; Aschwanden and Scholkmann 2017).”
BackgroundResolved millimeter-dust continuum cavity around the very low mass young star CIDA 1
Pinilla, P., Natta, A., Manara, C. F., Ricci, L., Scholz, A., & Testi, L. (2018) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201832690 · Cited by 25
“Recent exoplanet discoveries around VLM stars provide exciting scenarios where several Earthlike planets are tightly packed in the habitable zone (e.g. TRAPPIST-1, Gillon et al. 2017).”
BackgroundObservational Techniques with Transiting Exoplanetary Atmospheres
Sing, D. (2018) · Astrophysics and space science library · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-89701-1_1 · Cited by 18
“The discovery of TRAPPIST-1b,c,d,e,f,g (Gillon et al., 2017) has pushed the M-dwarf opportunity to even smaller planets and stars, with the 0.114 R sized M8 star providing transmission spectral signals 77× higher than if the same planet orbited a sun-like star.”
BackgroundInfluentialEffective Temperatures of Low-mass Stars from High-resolution H-band Spectroscopy
López–Valdivia, R., Mace, G. N., Sokal, K. R., Hussaini, M., Kidder, B. T., Mann, A. W., Gosnell, N. M., Oh, H., Kesseli, A. Y., Muirhead, P. S., et al. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab2129 · Cited by 25
“…have become the preferred targets of exoplanet searches since, for the same size exoplanet, the transit depth and the Corresponding author: Ricardo López-Valdivia rlopezv@utexas.edu reflex motion produced is greater than around solar type stars (e.g. Bonfils et al. 2012; Gillon et al. 2016, 2017).”
BackgroundFinal spin states of eccentric ocean planets
Auclair-Desrotour, P., Leconte, J., Bolmont, É., & Mathis, S. (2019) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935905 · Cited by 23
Self-citationThe Equatorial Jet Speed on Tidally Locked Planets. I. Terrestrial Planets
Hammond, M., Tsai, S.-M., & Pierrehumbert, R. T. (2020) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abb08b · Cited by 25
“Typical Global Circulation Figure 1 shows the typical global circulation on a terrestrial tidally locked planet, similar to the planets of the Trappist-1 system (Gillon et al. 2017).”
BackgroundThe Thermal Emission Spectrum of the Nearby Rocky Exoplanet LTT 1445A b from JWST MIRI/LRS
Wachiraphan, P., Berta-Thompson, Z. K., Diamond-Lowe, H., Winters, J. G., Murray, C. A., Zhang, M., Xue, Q., Morley, C. V., Rosario-Franco, M., & Duvvuri, G. M. (2025) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/adc990 · Cited by 24
“Secondly, M dwarfs constitute approximately 75% of all stars in our galaxy (Henry et al. 2006), hence increasing the expected number of nearby transiting rocky exoplanets (Berta-Thompson et al. 2015; Gillon et al. 2017), which opens up more opportunities for atmospheric observations.”
JWST-TST DREAMS: Secondary Atmosphere Constraints for the Habitable Zone Planet TRAPPIST-1 e
Glidden, A., Ranjan, S., Seager, S., Espinoza, N., MacDonald, R. J., Allen, N. H., Cañas, C. I., Grant, D., Gressier, A., Stevenson, K. B., et al. (2025) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/adf62e · Cited by 39
“05, S ⊕ ≡ Earth solar constant; Gillon et al. 2017) allows for the potential presence of a global surface ocean.”
Formation of Terrestrial Planets
Izidoro, A., & Raymond, S. N. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55333-7_142 · Cited by 30
“To date, up to seven have been found in the same system (Gillon et al. 2017; Luger et al. 2017).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe search for habitable planets with biosignature gases framed by a ‘Biosignature Drake Equation’
Seager, S. (2017) · International Journal of Astrobiology · doi:10.1017/s1473550417000052 · Cited by 23
“The Trappist-1 system (Gillon et al. 2017) has seven exoplanets orbiting a a very low-mass host star, three or more of which have chance to be in the star’s habitable zone, depending on the unknown atmospheric properties.”
BackgroundNon-detection of Contamination by Stellar Activity in the Spitzer Transit Light Curves of TRAPPIST-1
Morris, B. M., Agol, E., Hebb, L., Hawley, S. L., Gillon, M., Ducrot, E., Delrez, L., Ingalls, J. G., & Demory, B.-O. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aad8aa · Cited by 24
“TRAPPIST-1 is a system of seven approximately Earth-sized planets orbiting an M8V star (Gillon et al. 2016, 2017; Luger et al. 2017; Delrez et al. 2018).”
BackgroundSelf-citationExoplanet interiors and habitability
Hoolst, T. V., Noack, L., & Rivoldini, A. (2019) · Advances in Physics X · doi:10.1080/23746149.2019.1630316 · Cited by 26
“This is for example the case for the planet Proxima Cen b, which orbits our closest neighbour star in the Alpha Centauri system [164], and several planets in the densely packed TRAPPIST-1 system [9].”
BackgroundInfluentialOGLE-2015-BLG-1771Lb: A Microlens Planet Orbiting an Ultracool Dwarf?
Zhang, X., Zang, W., Udalski, A., Gould, A. P., Ryu, Y.-H., Wang, T., Yang, H., Mao, S., Authors), (., Mróz, P., et al. (2020) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab6f6d · Cited by 24
“In addition, seven temperate terrestrial planets were discovered around the nearby ultracool dwarf stars TRAPPIST-1 (Gillon et al. 2017) via the transit method, and two similar planets around Teegarden’s Star were detected by the radial velocity method (Zechmeister et al. 2019), which suggests that…”
MethodAn Astrometric Planetary Companion Candidate to the M9 Dwarf TVLM 513–46546
Curiel, S., Ortiz-León, G. N., Mioduszewski, A. J., & Torres, R. M. (2020) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab9e6e · Cited by 24
“…main targets for exoplanet searches are main-sequence lowmass stars, known as M dwarfs, since they are the most numerous stars in the Galaxy and are known to host a large number of small planets (e.g., Chabrier & Baraffe 2000; Bonfils et al. 2013; Dressing & Charbonneau 2013; Gillon et al. 2017).”
BackgroundThe Effect of Land Albedo on the Climate of Land-dominated Planets in the TRAPPIST-1 System
Rushby, A., Shields, A. L., Wolf, E. T., Laguë, M. M., & Burgasser, A. J. (2020) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abbe04 · Cited by 23
Self-citationGas versus dust sizes of protoplanetary discs: effects of dust evolution
Trapman, L., Facchini, S., Hogerheijde, M. R., van Dishoeck, E. F., & Bruderer, S. (2019) · Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834723/pdf · Cited by 24
The fundamental connections between the Solar System and exoplanetary science
Kane, S. R., Arney, G., Byrne, P. K., Dalba, P. A., Desch, S. J., Horner, J., Izenberg, N. R., Mandt, K. E., Meadows, V., & Quick, L. C. (2021) · University of Southern Queensland ePrints (University of Southern Queensland) · Cited by 26
Chiavassa, A., & Brogi, M. (2019) · Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936566/pdf · Cited by 24
Efficiency of the oxygenic photosynthesis on Earth-like planets in the habitable zone
Covone, G., Ienco, R. M., Cacciapuoti, L., & Inno, L. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1357 · Cited by 26
Revisiting high-order Taylor methods for astrodynamics and celestial mechanics
Biscani, F., & Izzo, D. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1032 · Cited by 24
Worlds without Moons: Exomoon Constraints for Compact Planetary Systems
Kane, S. R. (2017) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa6bf2 · Cited by 24
“Horizontal dashed lines indicate the stellar masses for the Kepler80 (0.73M⊙) and TRAPPIST-1 (0.0802M⊙) host stars, the planets of which largely fall within the range of semimajor axes shown (MacDonald et al. 2016; Gillon et al. 2017).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialBedin, L. R., Pourbaix, D., Apai, D., Burgasser, A. J., Buenzli, E., Boffin, H. M. J., & Libralato, M. (2017) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1177 · Cited by 24
“The recent discovery of seven approximately Earth-sized planets in the TRAPPIST-1 system (a star at the stellar/substellar boundary) provides a striking demonstration of the high occurrence rates of small planets around small stars (Gillon et al. 2017).”
BackgroundSelf-citationRobust Transiting Exoplanet Radii in the Presence of Starspots from Ingress and Egress Durations
Morris, B. M., Agol, E., Hebb, L., & Hawley, S. L. (2018) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aad3b7 · Cited by 25
“We fit the transit light curves of TRAPPIST-1 b and c for p0, p1, T14 and the quadratic limb-darkening coefficients u1 and u2, see Figures 15 and 16.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Gillon, M., Triaud, A. H. M. J., Demory, B.-O., Jehin, E., Agol, E., Deck, K. M., Lederer, S. M., de Wit, J., Burdanov, A., Ingalls, J. G., Bolmont, E., Leconte, J., Raymond, S. N., Selsis, F., Turbet, M., Barkaoui, K., Burgasser, A., Burleigh, M. R., Carey, S. J., Chaushev, A., Copperwheat, C. M., Delrez, L., Fernandes, C. S., Holdsworth, D. L., Kotze, E. J., Van Grootel, V., Almleaky, Y., Benkhaldoun, Z., Magain, P., & Queloz, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Liège (BE)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- University of Bern (CH)
- NASA Astrobiology Institute (US)
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Cadi Ayyad University (MA)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- University of Leicester (GB)
- University of Lancashire (GB)
- South African Astronomical Observatory (ZA)
- King Abdulaziz University (SA)
- University of Geneva (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Gillon, Michaël
- ORCID
- Gillon, Michaël
- Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.
- Demory, Brice-Olivier
- Jehin, Emmanuël
- Agol, Eric
- Deck, Katherine M.
- Lederer, Susan M.
- Burdanov, Artem
- Ingalls, James G.
- Raymond, Sean N.
- Selsis, Franck
- Turbet, Martin
- Barkaoui, Khalid
- Burgasser, Adam
- Burleigh, Matthew R.
- Carey, Sean J.
- Delrez, Laetitia
- Holdsworth, Daniel L.
- Kotze, Enrico J.
- Benkhaldoun, Zouhair
- Queloz, Didier
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2017-02
- Volume
- 542
- Issue
- 7642
- Pages
- 456-460
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC5330437
- OpenAlex
- W2590741408
- Cited by
- 1,555
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 55 · 2025: 106 · 2024: 129 · 2023: 124 · 2022: 131 · 2021: 121 · 2020: 251 · 2019: 207 · 2018: 260 · 2017: 164
- FWCI
- 131.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CLOK (University of Central Lancashire) (acceptedVersion)
- Liverpool John Moores University (acceptedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- ORBi (University of Liège) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Oskar-Bordeaux (Universite de Bordeaux) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (1615315)
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNX13AF62G)
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-13-BS05-0003)
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (163967)
- Science and Technology Facilities Council (1362676, ST/L001306/1, ST/L00061X/1, ST/P006892/1, ST/N000757/1, ST/J001465/1, ST/M000966/1, ST/N001524/1, ST/P002218/1, ST/M003035/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Instrumentation › Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life
- Keywords
- TRAPPIST-1, exoplanets, Earth-sized planets, transit photometry, orbital resonance, planet migration, equilibrium temperature, habitability, liquid water, atmospheric characterization, planetary system architecture
- MeSH terms
- Extraterrestrial Environment, Temperature, Water, Planets, Exobiology, Stars, Celestial
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