Genome editing reveals a role for OCT4 in human embryogenesis
Open accessAbstract
Despite their fundamental biological and clinical importance, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the first cell fate decisions in the human embryo are not well understood. Here we use CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing to investigate the function of the pluripotency transcription factor OCT4 during human embryogenesis. We identified an efficient OCT4-targeting guide RNA using an inducible human embryonic stem cell-based system and microinjection of mouse zygotes. Using these refined methods, we efficiently and specifically targeted the gene encoding OCT4 (POU5F1) in diploid human zygotes and found that blastocyst development was compromised. Transcriptomics analysis revealed that, in POU5F1-null cells, gene expression was downregulated not only for extra-embryonic trophectoderm genes, such as CDX2, but also for regulators of the pluripotent epiblast, including NANOG. By contrast, Pou5f1-null mouse embryos maintained the expression of orthologous genes, and blastocyst development was established, but maintenance was compromised. We conclude that CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing is a powerful method for investigating gene function in the context of human development.
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Germline editing has been used for years in animals, including mice, rats, monkeys and many others, and experiments show that it can be done in both nonviable or viable human embryos.
“Germline editing has been used for years in animals, including mice, rats, monkeys and many others, and experiments show that it can be done in both nonviable or viable human embryos as well 110-113 .”
From The promise and challenge of therapeutic genome editing (2020) · cites this paper as [110]
The Introduction (page unavailable) reports attempted CRISPR–Cas9 editing in abnormally fertilized tripronuclear and normally fertilized human zygotes, with variable success. The Results section reports editing in donated human IVF zygotes, and the paper discusses mouse embryo editing. Our copy does not substantiate the claim about rats, monkeys, or many other animals. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA report of inaccurate CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing in non-viable human embryos was not substantiated by later publications.
“A report of inaccurate CRISPR-Cas9based genome editing in non-viable human embryos 110 was not substantiated by later publications, but the mechanism by which double-stranded DNA breaks are repaired in early human embryos remains under debate.”
From The promise and challenge of therapeutic genome editing (2020) · cites this paper as [110]
The Results (Targeting POU5F1 in human preimplantation embryos; page unavailable) report efficient editing and no detectable off-target mutations above background in the embryos studied. That supports the idea that this later study did not reproduce inaccurate editing, but the paper does not establish that the earlier report involving non-viable embryos was unsubstantiated by later publications generally. (LLM, conf=0.79)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured57 of 137 successfully genotyped samples (42%) exhibited a homozygous wild-type genotype based on PCR amplification of a short genomic fragment.
“Moreover, we identified that 57 of the 137 successfully genotyped samples (42%) exhibited a homozygous wild-type genotype based on PCR amplification of a short genomic fragment (17).”
From Frequent loss of heterozygosity in CRISPR-Cas9–edited early human embryos (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
The Methods section (Genomic DNA extraction and genotyping; page unavailable) describes PCR amplification of a 244-bp fragment and classifying samples with only the reference sequence as wild-type. Our copy does not report that 57 of 137 successfully genotyped samples (42%) had a homozygous wild-type genotype; searches for those numbers and percentage did not find the result. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the authors' previous study, on-target genome editing was confirmed in all microinjected embryos and a stereotypic indel pattern was observed, with the majority of samples exhibiting a 2bp deletion.
“We generated a number of single-cell amplified genomic DNA (gDNA) samples for genotyping and confirmed on-target genome editing in all microinjected embryos and a stereotypic insertion/deletion (indel) pattern of mutations with the majority of samples exhibiting a 2bp deletion (17).”
From Frequent loss of heterozygosity in CRISPR-Cas9–edited early human embryos (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
The Results section on targeting POU5F1 in human preimplantation embryos reports on-target indels in 71% (five of seven) of the microinjected embryos examined after cleavage arrest, not all of them. It identifies 2-bp and 3-bp deletions as the most frequent indels, but does not say that a majority of samples had a 2-bp deletion. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOur previous findings in human embryos targeted post-fertilisation showed a stereotypic pattern to the type of indel mutations.
“This corroborates our previous findings in human embryos targeted post-fertilisation, where we noted a stereotypic pattern to the type of indel mutations and speculated that this was likely due MMEJ (17).”
From Frequent loss of heterozygosity in CRISPR-Cas9–edited early human embryos (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
The Results section on human preimplantation embryos reports that 2-bp and 3-bp deletions were the most frequent indels after post-fertilisation editing, supporting a recurring mutation pattern. The paper explicitly calls the pattern “stereotypic” for mouse embryos, however, and the searched passages do not support the citing sentence’s additional attribution of an MMEJ explanation to this paper. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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- Authors
- Fogarty, N. M. E., McCarthy, A., Snijders, K. E., Powell, B. E., Kubikova, N., Blakeley, P., Lea, R., Elder, K., Wamaitha, S. E., Kim, D., Maciulyte, V., Kleinjung, J., Kim, J.-S., Wells, D., Vallier, L., Bertero, A., Turner, J. M. A., & Niakan, K. K.
- Affiliations
- The Francis Crick Institute (GB)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- John Radcliffe Hospital (GB)
- Bourn Hall Clinic (GB)
- Seoul National University (KR)
- Wellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Niakan, Kathy K.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2017-09-20
- Volume
- 550
- Issue
- 7674
- Pages
- 67-73
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC5815497
- OpenAlex
- W2759601393
- Cited by
- 392
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 62 · 2017: 13
- FWCI
- 20.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2017-10-04)
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Seoul National University Open Repository (Seoul National University) (submittedVersion)
- Apollo
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (FC001193, FC001120)
- Francis Crick Institute (10120, 10002, FC001193, 10193, FC001120)
- Cancer Research UK (FC001120, FC001193)
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- British Heart Foundation (FS/11/77/39327)
- University of Oxford
- Institute for Basic Science (IBSR021-D1, R021-D1)
- Medical Research Council (PSAG028, FC001193, MC_PC_12009, FC001120)
- Clarendon Fund
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Keywords
- Oct4, human embryonic development, blastocyst development, pluripotency transcription factors, trophectoderm, Nanog, epiblast, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, human zygotes, guide RNA design, placental development
- MeSH terms
- Human Embryonic Stem Cells, Nanog Homeobox Protein, Gene Editing, Animals, Blastocyst, Ectoderm, Embryo, Mammalian, Female, Germ Layers, Humans, Male, Substrate Specificity, Zygote, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Cell Lineage, Embryonic Development, Octamer Transcription Factor-3, Mice, CRISPR-Cas Systems
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