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A molecular atlas of cell types and zonation in the brain vasculature
Open accessAbstract
Cerebrovascular disease is the third most common cause of death in developed countries, but our understanding of the cells that compose the cerebral vasculature is limited. Here, using vascular single-cell transcriptomics, we provide molecular definitions for the principal types of blood vascular and vessel-associated cells in the adult mouse brain. We uncover the transcriptional basis of the gradual phenotypic change (zonation) along the arteriovenous axis and reveal unexpected cell type differences: a seamless continuum for endothelial cells versus a punctuated continuum for mural cells. We also provide insight into pericyte organotypicity and define a population of perivascular fibroblast-like cells that are present on all vessel types except capillaries. Our work illustrates the power of single-cell transcriptomics to decode the higher organizational principles of a tissue and may provide the initial chapter in a molecular encyclopaedia of the mammalian vasculature.
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In the citing paper
“many of which were well documented61–66.”
From A high-resolution transcriptomic and spatial atlas of cell types in the whole mouse brain (2023) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“We identified endothelial ICs (Figure 2E) with strong contributions from genes with arterial (IC 5 and 20) and veinous (IC 3 and 12) expression, suggesting heterogeneity related to vessel type”
From Molecular diversity and specializations among the cells of the adult mouse brain (2018) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“These genes (e.g. Tm4sf1 and Slc38a5) showed continuous, reciprocal expression (Data S4G), consistent with the smooth molecular transitions described for endothelial cells associated with arteries or veins”
From Molecular diversity and specializations among the cells of the adult mouse brain (2018) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“IC 19 represented this difference in a graded rather than categorical way, as Rgs5/Acta2 expression and IC cell scores were continuously, rather than bimodally, distributed across these cells”
From Molecular diversity and specializations among the cells of the adult mouse brain (2018) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“Among SMA cells, Acta2 expression correlates with a veinous versus arterial distribution”
From Molecular diversity and specializations among the cells of the adult mouse brain (2018) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“A single IC (IC 13) appeared to encode this distinction, with pericyte marker Vtn as the strongest loading gene”
From Molecular diversity and specializations among the cells of the adult mouse brain (2018) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“Like Vanlandewijck et al., we observed (Figure 5) distinct endothelial cell types carrying known arterial (e.g., Bmx; VECA) and venous (Slc38a5; VECV) markers, as well as capillary endothelial cells (VECC) expressing Meox1.”
From Molecular Architecture of the Mouse Nervous System (2018) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“Vanlandewijck et al. described two brain fibroblast-like cell types expressing fibril-forming collagens (e.g., Col1a1, Col1a2), collagen fiber crosslinking proteins (Lum, Dcn), and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha, Pdgfra, which was interposed between astrocyte endfeet and vascular endothelial cells.”
From Molecular Architecture of the Mouse Nervous System (2018) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“In vivo, αSMA and calponin expression are restricted to mural cells along brain arterioles and arteries [38], however, these markers are often upregulated during culture [39], complicating identification of pericytes.”
From Role of iPSC-derived pericytes on barrier function of iPSC-derived brain microvascular endothelial cells in 2D and 3D (2019) · cites this paper as [38]
In the citing paper
“APOE in the brain is primarily synthesized by astrocytes and microglia, as indicated by a recent single cell RNA-seq study in the mouse (610).”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [610]
In the citing paper
“Pericytes, SMCs, and endothelial cells express thousands of transcripts encoding different transporters, receptors, active efflux pumps, ion channels, and regulatory molecules (28, 72, 86, 129, 242, 358, 359, 610, 675, 678), whose expression pattern varies by zonation along the arteriocapillary-venous axis and cell type (610).”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [610]
In the citing paper
“In contrast to the BBB endothelium's gradual phenotypic change along the arteriovenous axis, mural cells formed two distinct groups comprising pericyte and venous SMCs, and arterial and arteriole SMCs (610).”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [610]
In the citing paper
“Briefly, this study is the first to report that at the BBB endothelium transcription factors predominated at arteries and arterioles, transporters predominated capillaries and veins, and ribosomal proteins indicative of protein synthesis were spread along the arteriovenous axis (610), yielding important insights to biological functions and endothelial specialization along the brain vasculature”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [610]
In the citing paper
“According to a transcriptomic analysis of cells in the vasculature, Plcg2 seems to be expressed in certain subtypes of endothelial cells, although at lower level than compared to microglia (http://betsholtzlab.org/VascularSingleCells/database.html [43]).”
From Alzheimer’s disease phospholipase C-gamma-2 (PLCG2) protective variant is a functional hypermorph (2019) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“we used an siRNA sequence targeting Ppib because this gene is abundantly and ubiquitously expressed across CNS cell types [27].”
From Elucidating brain transport pathways and cell type-dependent gene silencing of a durable lipid–siRNA conjugate administered into cerebrospinal fluid (2025) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“Here, we used an siRNA sequence targeting Ppib because this gene is abundantly and ubiquitously expressed across CNS cell types.34”
From Lipid-siRNA conjugate accesses a perivascular transport mechanism and achieves widespread and durable knockdown in the central nervous system (2024) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“WAVE2 is expressed at high levels in microglia and vascular endothelial cells14,15.”
From The WAVE complex in developmental and adulthood brain disorders (2025) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“In addition to astrocytes and microglia, other cell types in the brain have been reported to produce ApoE under different conditions. These cells include oligodendrocytes, pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, perivascular fibroblasts, and perivascular macrophages [107–109].”
From ApoE lipoproteins in the central nervous system under homeostasis and role in Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders (2026) · cites this paper as [108]
In the citing paper
“PDGFRβ expression in pericytes is noticeably higher than in SMCs18,25,26.”
From Blood–brain barrier breakdown is an early biomarker of human cognitive dysfunction (2019) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Based on marker gene enrichment (Table S1), Endo.1 may correspond to endothelial capillary cells, Endo.2 to venous endothelial cells, and Endo.3 to arterial endothelial cells (Vanlandewijck et al., 2018).”
From Single-Cell Analysis of Regional Differences in Adult V-SVZ Neural Stem Cell Lineages (2019) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
In the citing paper
“We spatially mapped the developing arterio-venous zonation in the embryonic LV ChP in whole explants by combining the pan-endothelial marker PECAM1 with markers for arteries (Acta2+, Vwf+) and veins (Acta2−, Vwf+) (Vanlandewijck et al., 2018).”
From A cellular and spatial map of the choroid plexus across brain ventricles and ages (2021) · cites this paper as Vanlandewijck et al., 2018
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“(1) Department of Molecular Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (2) International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) “From Molecules to Organisms”, Tuebingen, Germany (3) Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Clinic Tuebingen (…”
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Aging, calcium channel signaling and vascular tone
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Ando, K., Shih, Y.-H., Ebarasi, L., Grosse, A. S., Portman, D., Chiba, A., Mattonet, K., Gerri, C., Stainier, D. Y. R., Mochizuki, N., et al. (2021) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.06.010 · Cited by 40
Self-citationPublic Volume Electron Microscopy Data: An Essential Resource to Study the Brain Microvasculature
Bonney, S. K., Coelho‐Santos, V., Huang, S., Takeno, M. M., Kornfeld, J. M. R., Keller, A., & Shih, A. Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.849469 · Cited by 43
Self-citationKaram, M., Janbon, H., Malkinson, G., & Brunet, I. (2022) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x221101643 · Cited by 41
“This furthermore suggests that arterial and venous BrLyVMs may be molecularly distinct, in line with the molecular heterogeneity of arterial and venous endothelial cells.(31) By examining the distribution pattern of BrLyVMs in early postnatal stages we show that there is a considerable difference in BrLyVM density dur…”
BackgroundSundaram, S. M., Pereira, A. A., Müller‐Fielitz, H., Köpke, H., Angelis, M. D., Müller, T. D., Heuer, H., Körbelin, J., Krohn, M., Mittag, J., et al. (2022) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awac243 · Cited by 44
“19,34 In contrast to the four previous genes that are induced by THs, the mRNA of the astrocytic deiodinase 2 ( Dio2 ) that converts T4 into T3 was increased in the cortex of DKO and AAV-BR1-Mct8 had no significant effect on the expression level (Fig.”
Yao, C., Cao, Y., Wang, D., Lv, Y., Liu, Y., Gu, X., Wang, Y., Wang, X., & Yu, B. (2022) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202200337r · Cited by 44
“Another interesting EC sub-cluster came from EC6, which was marked with Rgs5 and Tagln, and dramatically decreased after SCI. Rgs5 and Tagln are typical markers of mural cells (pericytes and vSMC) that are wrapped in the blood vessels (Vanlandewijck et al., 2018).”
BackgroundHistorical and current perspectives on blood endothelial cell heterogeneity in the brain
Matsuoka, R. L., Buck, L. D., Vajrala, K. P., Quick, R. E., & Card, O. A. (2022) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-022-04403-1 · Cited by 40
Xiong, M., Wang, C., Gratuze, M., Saadi, F., Bao, X., Bosch, M. E., Lee, C., Jiang, H., Serrano, J. R., Gonzales, E. R., et al. (2023) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-023-00610-x · Cited by 41
“The remaining APOE4, derived from disease-associated microglia, perivascular macrophages, endothelial cells, pericytes, perivascular fibroblasts, or smooth muscles cells [72], likely contributed to CAA development.”
BackgroundAstroglial Hmgb1 regulates postnatal astrocyte morphogenesis and cerebrovascular maturation
Andrade, M. F., Comin, C. H., Dyken, P. C. V., Ouellette, J., Raman‐Nair, J., Blakeley, N., Liu, Q. Y., Leclerc, S., Pan, Y., Liu, Z., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-40682-3 · Cited by 42
“9g), consistent with a recent adult mouse database 36,37 and suggesting important post-transcriptional regulation for this gene.”
Spatial heterogeneity of bone marrow endothelial cells unveils a distinct subtype in the epiphysis
Iga, T., Kobayashi, H., Kusumoto, D., Sanosaka, T., Fujita, N., Tai-Nagara, I., Ando, T., Takahashi, T., Matsuo, K., Hozumi, K., et al. (2023) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41556-023-01240-7 · Cited by 45
Endothelial cells as key players in cerebral small vessel disease
Kremer, R., Williams, A., & Wardlaw, J. M. (2025) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-024-00892-0 · Cited by 53
“With some markers now available to identify endothelial cells at different positions along the vascular tree 41,42 , comparison of effects in different vessel types is becoming feasible and may aid this understanding.”
Notch Signaling in the Dynamics of Perivascular Stem Cells and their Niches
Pagella, P., Roditi, L. D. V., Stadlinger, B., Moor, A. E., & Mitsiadis, T. A. (2021) · Stem Cells Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/sctm.21-0086 · Cited by 41
Next-generation in vitro blood–brain barrier models: benchmarking and improving model accuracy
Linville, R. M., & Searson, P. C. (2021) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/s12987-021-00291-y · Cited by 43
“Recent single cell transcriptomic studies have established that gene expression of BMECs in the brain varies along the AV axis both in mice [13, 15, 16] and humans [4, 5].”
BackgroundFournier, A. P., Tastet, O., Charabati, M., Hoornaert, C., Bourbonnière, L., Klément, W., Larouche, S., Tea, F., Wang, Y. C., Larochelle, C., et al. (2022) · Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1212/nxi.0000000000200046 · Cited by 45
“Identification of Endothelial Cell Heterogeneity and Transcriptional Changes During EAE At the transcriptomic level, brain ECs have been shown to span an arteriovenal axis that recapitulates the classical vascular tree.(30,31) In EAE, our data demonstrated that ECs are greatly modulated at the peak of disease.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialLower GLUT1 and unchanged MCT1 in Alzheimer’s disease cerebrovasculature
Leclerc, M., Tremblay, C., Bourassa, P., Schneider, J. A., Bennett, D. A., & Calon, F. (2024) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x241237484 · Cited by 45
“Glut1 mRNA levels have been reported to be unchanged 90 or even higher in AD microvessels, 47–49 so a loss of gene expression is unlikely to be the cause of lower cerebrovascular GLUT1 protein.”
Rosberg, R., Smoląg, K. I., Sjölund, J., Johansson, E., Bergelin, C., Wahldén, J., Pantazopoulou, V., Ceberg, C. P., Pietras, K., Blom, A. M., et al. (2024) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.179854 · Cited by 43
Krolak, T., Kaplan, L., Navas, K., Chen, L., Birmingham, A., Ryvkin, D., Izsa, V., Powell, M., Wu, Z., Deverman, B. E., et al. (2025) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2025.06.030 · Cited by 44
Léger, C., Dupré, N., Aligny, C., Bénard, M., Lebon, A., Henry, V., Hauchecorne, M., Galas, L., Frébourg, T., Leroux, P., et al. (2019) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-019-03248-5 · Cited by 47
Lazić, D., Tešić, V., Jovanović, M., Brkić, M., Milanović, D., Zloković, B. V., Kanazir, S., & Perović, M. (2020) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104745 · Cited by 40
“transporter, excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) (Vanlandewijck et al., 2018), showed a trend towards upregulation in 5XFAD-EOD mice of ~30% when compared to 5XFAD-AL mice (p=0.”
ResultInfluentialExtrinsic Factors Driving Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cell Progression in CNS Development and Injury
Baydyuk, M., Morrison, V. E., Gross, P. S., & Huang, J. K. (2020) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-020-02967-7 · Cited by 42
The Roles of TGF-β Signaling in Cerebrovascular Diseases
Zhang, Y., & Yang, X. Y. (2020) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2020.567682 · Cited by 45
Protocols for endothelial cell isolation from mouse tissues: brain, choroid, lung, and muscle
Conchinha, N. V., Sokol, L., Teuwen, L.-A. M. N., Veys, K., Dumas, S. J., Meta, E., García‐Caballero, M., Geldhof, V., Chen, R., Treps, L., et al. (2021) · STAR Protocols · doi:10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100508 · Cited by 39
Lung Pericytes in Pulmonary Vascular Physiology and Pathophysiology
Yuan, K., Agarwal, S., Chakraborty, A., Condon, D. F., Patel, H. J., Zhang, S., Huang, F., Mello, S. A., Kirk, O. I., Vasquez, R., et al. (2021) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c200027 · Cited by 49
“However, multiple studies using bulk, single-cell, and nuclear RNA sequencing have shown that pericytes in the brain and heart demonstrate higher ACE mRNA expression compared to other vascular cells (28, 175).”
Kim, Y. C., Ahn, J. H., Jin, H., Yang, M. J., Hong, S. P., Yoon, J., Kim, S.-H., Gebre, T. N., Lee, H. J., Kim, Y., et al. (2023) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.adg6155 · Cited by 41
Wu, Y., Korobeynyk, V., Zamboni, M., Waern, F., Cole, J. D., Mundt, S., Greter, M., Frisén, J., Llorens-Bobadilla, E., & Jessberger, S. (2025) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-024-01848-4 · Cited by 47
“Previous work showed molecular zonation of vascular cells in the central nervous system, with cellular phenotypes gradually changing along an anatomical axis 59,61 .”
Jensen, N., Schrøder, H. D., Hejbøl, E. K., et al. (2018) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.04.010 · Cited by 39
“Astrocytes are the cell type in the mouse brain neurovascular unit with the highest expression of both Slc20a2 and its paralog Slc20a1, which encodes PiT1.(67) Thus, astrocytes may be especially sensitive to alterations in phosphate homeostasis, resulting in the observed intracellular calcifications and degeneration o…”
BackgroundLi, H., Li, D., Wang, Y., Huang, Z. J., Xu, J., Yang, T., Wang, L., Tang, Q., Cai, C., Huang, H. Y., et al. (2019) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.178145 · Cited by 39
Gerhartl, A., Pracser, N., Vladetic, A., Hendrikx, S., Friedl, H.-P., & Neuhaus, W. (2020) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/s12987-020-00179-3 · Cited by 43
Denser brain capillary network with preserved pericytes in Alzheimer's disease
Fernández‐Klett, F., Brandt, L., Fernández‐Zapata, C., Abuelnor, B., Middeldorp, J., Sluijs, J. A., Curtis, M. A., Faull, R. L. M., Harris, L. W., Bahn, S., et al. (2020) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.12897 · Cited by 40
“Methods to isolate pericytes, endothelia, and other vascular cells in the neurovascular niche are rapidly evolving (60) and will shed light on functional changes of pericytes and their contribution to the cascade of neurodegeneration in AD.”
BackgroundJakab, M., Rostalski, T., Lee, K. H., Mogler, C., & Augustin, H. G. (2022) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-3181 · Cited by 45
“Recent scRNA-seq studies have identi fi ed Tie2 expression in multiple vessel-associated cell types (43, 44).”
Fibrosis in the central nervous system: from the meninges to the vasculature
Fehlberg, C., & Lee, J. K. (2021) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-021-03491-y · Cited by 38
Spaas, J., Franssen, W. M. A., Keytsman, C., Blancquaert, L., Vanmierlo, T., Bogie, J. F. J., Broux, B., Hellings, N., van Horssen, J., Posa, D. K., et al. (2021) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-021-02306-9 · Cited by 38
scRNA-seq generates a molecular map of emerging cell subtypes after sciatic nerve injury in rats
Lovatt, D., Tamburino, A. M., Krasowska‐Zoladek, A., Sanoja, R., Li, L.-X., Peterson, V. M., Wang, X., & Uslaner, J. M. (2022) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-022-03970-0 · Cited by 41
Connexin 43 across the Vasculature: Gap Junctions and Beyond
Sedovy, M. W., Leng, X., Leaf, M. R., Iqbal, F., Payne, L. B., Chappell, J. C., & Johnstone, S. R. (2022) · Journal of Vascular Research · doi:10.1159/000527469 · Cited by 37
Buller, S., & Blouet, C. (2024) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00250.2023 · Cited by 40
Shahriar, S., Biswas, S., Zhao, K., Akcan, U., Tuohy, M. C., Glendinning, M. D., Kurt, A., Wayne, C. R., Prochilo, G., Price, M. Z., et al. (2024) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-024-01746-9 · Cited by 45
“After quality filtering 24 and in silico EC selection based on Pecam1 , Cldn5 and Erg 25 expression, we performed graph-based clustering to separate 45,309 ECs collected from 14 samples (four acute EAE, four chronic EAE, three healthy and three CFA controls (28 total mice; Supplementary Table 1a)) into distinct cluste…”
A microglia-containing cerebral organoid model to study early life immune challenges
Buonfiglioli, A., Kübler, R., Missall, R. D., de Jong, R., Chan, S., Haage, V. C., Wendt, S., Lin, A. J., Mattei, D., Graziani, M., et al. (2024) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2024.11.008 · Cited by 41
Cakmak, P., Lun, J. H., Singh, A., Macas, J., Schupp, J., Schuck, J., Mahmoud, Z., Köhler, M. I., Starzetz, T., Burger, M. C., et al. (2025) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2025.09.018 · Cited by 42
Effects of aging, hypertension and diabetes on the mouse brain and heart vasculomes
Guo, S., Deng, W., Xing, C., Zhou, Y., Ning, M., & Lo, E. H. (2018) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2018.07.021 · Cited by 38
Tian, S., Liu, Y., Wu, H., Liu, H., Zeng, J., Choi, M. Y., Chen, H., Gerhard, R., & Dong, M. (2020) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2020.03.007 · Cited by 38
“Recent single-cell RNAseq analysis of mouse lung tissues confirmed that SEMA6A and 6D are strongly enriched in endothelial cells (Figure S5A, S5B, S5C, and S5D) (He et al., 2018; Vanlandewijck et al., 2018).”
BackgroundNavarro, R., Tapia‐Galisteo, A., Martín‐García, L., Tarín, C., Corbacho, C., Goméz-López, G., Sánchez‐Tirado, E., Campuzano, S., González-Cortés, A., Yáñez‐Sedeño, P., et al. (2020) · Molecular Oncology · doi:10.1002/1878-0261.12779 · Cited by 39
Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption: A Common Driver of Central Nervous System Diseases
Segura‐Collar, B., Mata-Martínez, P., Hernández‐Laín, A., Sánchez‐Gómez, P., & Gargini, R. (2021) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858420985838 · Cited by 39
Huntingtin silencing delays onset and slows progression of Huntington’s disease: a biomarker study
Liu, H., Zhang, C., Xu, J., Jin, J., Cheng, L., Miao, X., Wu, Q., Wei, Z., Liu, P., Lu, H., et al. (2021) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awab190 · Cited by 38
“Acta2 labels arterioles whereas collagen IV labels all blood vessels including arterioles, capillaries and venules.(54) At the premanifest stage, there were no significant differences in the vessel density and mean diameter of Acta2 + arterioles and collagen IV + blood vessels in the striatum (Fig.”
BackgroundTachibana, K., Hashimoto, Y., Shirakura, K., Okada, Y., Hirayama, R., Iwashita, Y., Nishino, I., Ago, Y., Takeda, H., Kuniyasu, H., et al. (2021) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.06.009 · Cited by 37
Spatially resolved gene signatures of white matter lesion progression in multiple sclerosis
Alsema, A. M., Wijering, M. H. C., Miedema, A., Kotah, J. M., Koster, M., Rijnsburger, M., van Weering, H. R. J., de Vries, H. E., Baron, W., Kooistra, S. M., et al. (2024) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-024-01765-6 · Cited by 38
“For vasculature-related cell types and fibroblasts, gene sets were derived from the cell type-specific markers reported in the mouse brain vasculature 54 , which were verified in human brain vasculature 55 .”
Gene-mapping study of extremes of cerebral small vessel disease reveals TRIM47 as a strong candidate
Mishra, A., Duplàa, C., Vojinović, D., Suzuki, H., Sargurupremraj, M., Zilhäo, N. R., Li, S., Bartz, T. M., Jian, X., Zhao, W., et al. (2021) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awab432 · Cited by 43
“6D), consistent with the molecular atlas of cell types and zonation in the brain vasculature (see ‘URLs’ section), where Trim47 was shown to be highly expressed in venous, capillary and arterial endothelial cells.(44) Endothelial cells form the inner lining of the brain’s blood vessels and are responsible for maintain…”
BackgroundBarkaway, A., Attwell, D., & Korte, N. (2022) · Neurophotonics · doi:10.1117/1.nph.9.3.031914 · Cited by 38
“function of ACKRs on brain pericytes, despite RNAseq data suggesting brain pericytes could express some classes of ACKRs.(14,16) Thus, pericytes may play a role in the retention, presen-”
BackgroundAn integrated model for Gpr124 function in Wnt7a/b signaling among vertebrates
America, M., Bostaille, N., Eubelen, M., Martin, M., Stainier, D. Y. R., & Vanhollebeke, B. (2022) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110902 · Cited by 41
Ren, J. C., Xiao, X., Li, R., Lv, C., Zhang, Y., Wang, L., Hong, T., Zhang, H., & Wang, Y. (2023) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s12276-023-00962-w · Cited by 41
Metadata
- Authors
- Vanlandewijck, M., He, L., Mäe, M. A., Andrae, J., Ando, K., Del Gaudio, F., Nahar, K., Lebouvier, T., Laviña, B., Gouveia, L., Sun, Y., Raschperger, E., Räsänen, M., Zarb, Y., Mochizuki, N., Keller, A., Lendahl, U., & Betsholtz, C.
- Affiliations
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (CN)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Betsholtz, Christer
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2018-02-14
- Volume
- 554
- Issue
- 7693
- Pages
- 475-480
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2786318872
- Semantic Scholar
- 237e37a314d2faef1d389b147614e8fa550a3087
- Cited by
- 1,892
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 197 · 2025: 244 · 2024: 275 · 2023: 234 · 2022: 258 · 2021: 271 · 2020: 222 · 2019: 125 · 2018: 65
- FWCI
- 74.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2018-06-20)
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (159514)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Cerebrovascular and genetic disorders
- Keywords
- cerebral vasculature, blood-brain barrier, endothelial cells, mural cells, pericytes, smooth muscle cells, perivascular cells, single-cell transcriptomics, cerebrovascular disease, mouse brain
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Arteries, Arterioles, Blood Vessels, Brain, Capillaries, Female, Fibroblasts, Male, Organ Specificity, Veins, Pericytes, Myocytes, Smooth Muscle, Endothelial Cells, Mice, Single-Cell Analysis, Transcriptome
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