Cited by 944CRISPR and Genetic EngineeringRNA regulation and diseaseRNA Interference and Gene Delivery

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Genome-wide binding of the CRISPR endonuclease Cas9 in mammalian cells

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Abstract

Bacterial type II CRISPR-Cas9 systems have been widely adapted for RNA-guided genome editing and transcription regulation in eukaryotic cells, yet their in vivo target specificity is poorly understood. Here we mapped genome-wide binding sites of a catalytically inactive Cas9 (dCas9) from Streptococcus pyogenes loaded with single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Each of the four sgRNAs we tested targets dCas9 to between tens and thousands of genomic sites, frequently characterized by a 5-nucleotide seed region in the sgRNA and an NGG protospacer adjacent motif (PAM). Chromatin inaccessibility decreases dCas9 binding to other sites with matching seed sequences; thus 70% of off-target sites are associated with genes. Targeted sequencing of 295 dCas9 binding sites in mESCs transfected with catalytically active Cas9 identified only one site mutated above background levels. We propose a two-state model for Cas9 binding and cleavage, in which a seed match triggers binding but extensive pairing with target DNA is required for cleavage.

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Metadata

Authors
Wu, X., Scott, D. A., Kriz, A. J., Chiu, A. C., Hsu, P. D., Dadon, D. B., Cheng, A. W., Trevino, A. E., Konermann, S., Chen, S., Jaenisch, R., Zhang, F., & Sharp, P. A.
Affiliations
  • Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research At MIT (US)
  • Broad Institute (US)
  • Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
  • Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research (US)
Corresponding author
  • Zhang, Feng
  • Sharp, Phillip A
Venue
Nature Biotechnology
Published
2014-04-20
Volume
32
Issue
7
Pages
670-676
ISSN
  • 0733-222X (ISSN-L)
  • 1087-0156
  • 1546-1696
OpenAlex
W1506494596
Cited by
944
References
47
Citations by year
2026: 26 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 80 · 2018: 81 · 2017: 97 · 2016: 123 · 2015: 111 · 2014: 54
FWCI
52.65
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature Biotechnology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
  • PMC
Funders
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute
  • National Institute of Mental Health (DP1MH100706)
  • National Cancer Institute (R01CA133404, P01CA042063, P30CA014051, P30-CA-14051, P01 CA 42063)
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM034277, R01 GM34277, R37GM034277, T32GM007287)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK097768)
  • National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (1DP1-MH100706)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R37HD045022)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA regulation and disease
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Keywords
Cas9, CRISPR/Cas9, dCas9, genome-wide binding sites, single guide RNA, Streptococcus pyogenes, mouse embryonic stem cells, off-target binding, seed sequence, protospacer adjacent motif, chromatin accessibility, DNA cleavage, target specificity
MeSH terms
Animals, Base Sequence, Binding Sites, Cells, Cultured, Deoxyribonuclease I, DNA-Binding Proteins, Models, Genetic, Molecular Sequence Data, Protein Binding, Genome, Mice, Embryonic Stem Cells, CRISPR-Cas Systems

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