The DOI matches its Crossref record; 66 of the 66 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The flux qubit revisited to enhance coherence and reproducibility
Open accessAbstract
The scalable application of quantum information science will stand on reproducible and controllable high-coherence quantum bits (qubits). Here, we revisit the design and fabrication of the superconducting flux qubit, achieving a planar device with broad-frequency tunability, strong anharmonicity, high reproducibility and relaxation times in excess of 40 μs at its flux-insensitive point. Qubit relaxation times T1 across 22 qubits are consistently matched with a single model involving resonator loss, ohmic charge noise and 1/f-flux noise, a noise source previously considered primarily in the context of dephasing. We furthermore demonstrate that qubit dephasing at the flux-insensitive point is dominated by residual thermal-photons in the readout resonator. The resulting photon shot noise is mitigated using a dynamical decoupling protocol, resulting in T2≈85 μs, approximately the 2 T1 limit. In addition to realizing an improved flux qubit, our results uniquely identify photon shot noise as limiting T2 in contemporary qubits based on transverse qubit–resonator interaction.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Effects of Diffusion on Free Precession in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Experiments
Carr, H. Y., & Purcell, E. M. (1954) · Physical Review · doi:10.1103/physrev.94.630 · Cited by 6,466
Modified Spin-Echo Method for Measuring Nuclear Relaxation Times
Meiboom, S., & Gill, D. (1958) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.1716296 · Cited by 6,022
Hahn, E. L. (1950) · Physical Review · doi:10.1103/physrev.80.580 · Cited by 5,085
Charge-insensitive qubit design derived from the Cooper pair box
Koch, J., Yu, T. M., Gambetta, J., Houck, A. A., Schuster, D. I., Majer, J., Blais, A., Devoret, M. H., Girvin, S. M., & Schoelkopf, R. J. (2007) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.76.042319 · Cited by 3,351
Blais, A., Huang, R.-S., Wallraff, A., Girvin, S. M., & Schoelkopf, R. J. (2004) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.69.062320 · Cited by 2,989
Optical Coherence and Quantum Optics
Mandel, L., Wolf, E., & Meystre, P. (1996) · American Journal of Physics · doi:10.1119/1.18450 · Cited by 2,414
Coherent control of macroscopic quantum states in a single-Cooper-pair box
Nakamura, Y., Pashkin, Y. A., & Tsai, J. S. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/19718 · Cited by 2,380
Superconducting Circuits for Quantum Information: An Outlook
Devoret, M. H., & Schoelkopf, R. J. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1231930 · Cited by 2,114
Introduction to quantum noise, measurement, and amplification
Clerk, A. A., Devoret, M. H., Girvin, S. M., Marquardt, F., & Schoelkopf, R. J. (2010) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.82.1155 · Cited by 1,983
Manipulating the Quantum State of an Electrical Circuit
Vion, D., Aassime, A., Cottet, A., Joyez, P., Pothier, H., Urbina, C., Esteve, D., & Devoret, M. H. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1069372 · Cited by 1,622
Coherent control of macroscopic quantum states in a single-Cooper-pair box
Nakamura, Y., Pashkin, Y. A., & Tsai, J. S. (1999) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 1,509
Josephson Persistent-Current Qubit
Mooij, J. E., Orlando, T. P., Levitov, L., Tian, L., van der Wal, C. H., & Lloyd, S. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.285.5430.1036 · Cited by 1,373
Self-citationCoherent Quantum Dynamics of a Superconducting Flux Qubit
Chiorescu, I., Nakamura, Y., Harmans, C. J. P. M., & Mooij, J. E. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1081045 · Cited by 1,215
Paik, H., Schuster, D. I., Bishop, L. S., Kirchmair, G., Catelani, G., Sears, A. P., Johnson, B. R., Reagor, M. J., Frunzio, L., Glazman, L. I., et al. (2011) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.107.240501 · Cited by 1,054
Self-citationNoise spectroscopy through dynamical decoupling with a superconducting flux qubit
Bylander, J., Gustavsson, S., Yan, F., Yoshihara, F., Harrabi, K., Fitch, G., Cory, D. G., Nakamura, Y., Tsai, J.-S., & Oliver, W. D. (2011) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys1994 · Cited by 864
Self-citationResolving photon number states in a superconducting circuit
Schuster, D. I., Houck, A. A., Schreier, J. A., Wallraff, A., Gambetta, J. M., Blais, A., Frunzio, L., Majer, J., Johnson, B., Devoret, M. H., et al. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05461 · Cited by 850
Coherent Josephson Qubit Suitable for Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits
Barends, R., Kelly, J., Megrant, A., Sank, D., Jeffrey, E., Chen, Y., Yin, Y., Chiaro, B., Mutus, J., Neill, C., et al. (2013) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.111.080502 · Cited by 779
Superconducting persistent-current qubit
Orlando, T. P., Mooij, J. E., Tian, L., van der Wal, C. H., Levitov, L. S., Lloyd, S., & Mazo, J. J. (1999) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.60.15398 · Cited by 756
Self-citationOffset masks for lift-off photoprocessing
Dolan, G. J. (1977) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.89690 · Cited by 693
Optimized dynamical decoupling in a model quantum memory
Biercuk, M. J., Uys, H., VanDevender, A. P., Shiga, N., Itano, W. M., & Bollinger, J. J. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07951 · Cited by 654
Decoherence in a superconducting quantum bit circuit
Ithier, G., Collin, E., Joyez, P., Meeson, P. J., Vion, D., Esteve, D., Chiarello, F., Shnirman, A., Makhlin, Y., Schriefl, J., et al. (2005) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.72.134519 · Cited by 639
Superconducting qubit in a waveguide cavity with a coherence time approaching 0.1 ms
Rigetti, C., Gambetta, J. M., Poletto, S., Plourde, B. L. T., Chow, J. M., Córcoles, A. D., Smolin, J. A., Merkel, S. T., Rozen, J. R., Keefe, G. A., et al. (2012) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.86.100506 · Cited by 584
How to enhance dephasing time in superconducting qubits
Cywiński, Ł., Lutchyn, R. M., Nave, C. P., & Das Sarma, S. (2008) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.77.174509 · Cited by 539
Controlling the Spontaneous Emission of a Superconducting Transmon Qubit
Houck, A. A., Schreier, J. A., Johnson, B. R., Chow, J. M., Koch, J., Gambetta, J. M., Schuster, D. I., Frunzio, L., Devoret, M. H., Girvin, S. M., et al. (2008) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.101.080502 · Cited by 501
Planar superconducting resonators with internal quality factors above one million
Megrant, A., Neill, C., Barends, R., Chiaro, B., Chen, Y., Feigl, L., Kelly, J., Lucero, E., Mariantoni, M., O’Malley, P. J. J., et al. (2012) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.3693409 · Cited by 481
ac Stark Shift and Dephasing of a Superconducting Qubit Strongly Coupled to a Cavity Field
Schuster, D. I., Wallraff, A., Blais, A., Frunzio, L., Huang, R.-S., Majer, J., Girvin, S. M., & Schoelkopf, R. J. (2005) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.94.123602 · Cited by 470
Qubit-photon interactions in a cavity: Measurement-induced dephasing and number splitting
Gambetta, J., Blais, A., Schuster, D. I., Wallraff, A., Frunzio, L., Majer, J., Devoret, M. H., Girvin, S. M., & Schoelkopf, R. J. (2006) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.74.042318 · Cited by 420
Yurke, B., & Denker, J. S. (1984) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.29.1419 · Cited by 395
Decoherence of Flux Qubits due to1/fFlux Noise
Yoshihara, F., Harrabi, K., Niskanen, A. O., Nakamura, Y., & Tsai, J. S. (2006) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.97.167001 · Cited by 393
Coherent suppression of electromagnetic dissipation due to superconducting quasiparticles
Pop, I. M., Geerlings, K., Catelani, G., Schoelkopf, R. J., Glazman, L. I., & Devoret, M. H. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13017 · Cited by 332
Materials in superconducting quantum bits
Oliver, W. D., & Welander, P. B. (2013) · MRS Bulletin · doi:10.1557/mrs.2013.229 · Cited by 318
Self-citationDephasing of a Superconducting Qubit Induced by Photon Noise
Bertet, P., Chiorescu, I., Burkard, G., Semba, K., Harmans, C. J. P. M., DiVincenzo, D. P., & Mooij, J. E. (2005) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.95.257002 · Cited by 313
Decoherence of a superconducting qubit due to bias noise
Martinis, J. M., Nam, S., Aumentado, J., Lang, K. M., & Urbina, C. (2003) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.67.094510 · Cited by 301
Quantum trajectory approach to circuit QED: Quantum jumps and the Zeno effect
Gambetta, J., Blais, A., Boissonneault, M., Houck, A. A., Schuster, D. I., & Girvin, S. M. (2008) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.77.012112 · Cited by 297
Quantum Noise in the Josephson Charge Qubit
Astafiev, O., Pashkin, Y., Nakamura, Y., Yamamoto, T., & Tsai, J. (2004) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.93.267007 · Cited by 288
Analytic control methods for high-fidelity unitary operations in a weakly nonlinear oscillator
Gambetta, J. M., Motzoi, F., Merkel, S. T., & Wilhelm, F. K. (2011) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.83.012308 · Cited by 268
You, J. Q., Hu, X., Ashhab, S., & Nori, F. (2007) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.75.140515 · Cited by 263
Martinis, J. M., Ansmann, M., & Aumentado, J. (2009) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.103.097002 · Cited by 247
Improved superconducting qubit coherence using titanium nitride
Chang, J. B., Vissers, M. R., Córcoles, A. D., Sandberg, M., Gao, J., Abraham, D. W., Chow, J. M., Gambetta, J. M., Beth Rothwell, M., Keefe, G. A., et al. (2013) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.4813269 · Cited by 247
Relaxation and frequency shifts induced by quasiparticles in superconducting qubits
Catelani, G., Schoelkopf, R. J., Devoret, M. H., & Glazman, L. I. (2011) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.84.064517 · Cited by 243
Measurement and control of quasiparticle dynamics in a superconducting qubit
Wang, C., Gao, Y. Y., Pop, I. M., Vool, U., Axline, C., Brecht, T., Heeres, R. W., Frunzio, L., Devoret, M. H., Catelani, G., et al. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms6836 · Cited by 230
Protecting superconducting qubits from radiation
Córcoles, A. D., Chow, J. M., Gambetta, J. M., Rigetti, C., Rozen, J. R., Keefe, G. A., Beth Rothwell, M., Ketchen, M. B., & Steffen, M. (2011) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.3658630 · Cited by 193
Thermal and Residual Excited-State Population in a 3D Transmon Qubit
Jin, X. Y., Kamal, A., Sears, A. P., Gudmundsen, T., Hover, D., Miloshi, J., Slattery, R., Yan, F., Yoder, J., Orlando, T. P., et al. (2015) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.114.240501 · Cited by 177
Self-citationLow- and High-Frequency Noise from Coherent Two-Level Systems
Shnirman, A., Schön, G., Martin, I., & Makhlin, Y. (2005) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.94.127002 · Cited by 175
Quasiparticle Relaxation of Superconducting Qubits in the Presence of Flux
Catelani, G., Koch, J., Frunzio, L., Schoelkopf, R. J., Devoret, M. H., & Glazman, L. I. (2011) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.106.077002 · Cited by 167
Microwave-Induced Cooling of a Superconducting Qubit
Valenzuela, S. O., Oliver, W. D., Berns, D. M., Berggren, K. K., Levitov, L. S., & Orlando, T. P. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1134008 · Cited by 160
Self-citationFlux Qubits with Long Coherence Times for Hybrid Quantum Circuits
Stern, M., Catelani, G., Kubo, Y., Grèzes, C., Bienfait, A., Vion, D., Esteve, D., & Bertet, P. (2014) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.113.123601 · Cited by 157
Photon shot noise dephasing in the strong-dispersive limit of circuit QED
Sears, A., Petrenko, A., Catelani, G., Sun, L., Paik, H., Kirchmair, G., Frunzio, L., Glazman, L. I., Girvin, S. M., & Schoelkopf, R. J. (2012) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.86.180504 · Cited by 157
Self-citationAmplitude spectroscopy of a solid-state artificial atom
Berns, D. M., Rudner, M. S., Valenzuela, S. O., Berggren, K. K., Oliver, W. D., Levitov, L. S., & Orlando, T. P. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07262 · Cited by 155
Self-citationCircuit QED: superconducting qubits coupled to microwave photons
Girvin, S. M. (2014) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199681181.003.0003 · Cited by 154
Yan, F., Gustavsson, S., Bylander, J., Jin, X., Yoshihara, F., Cory, D. G., Nakamura, Y., Orlando, T. P., & Oliver, W. D. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms3337 · Cited by 148
Self-citationExperimental Uhrig dynamical decoupling using trapped ions
Biercuk, M. J., Uys, H., VanDevender, A. P., Shiga, N., Itano, W. M., & Bollinger, J. J. (2009) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.79.062324 · Cited by 144
Non-Poissonian Quantum Jumps of a Fluxonium Qubit due to Quasiparticle Excitations
Vool, U., Pop, I. M., Sliwa, K., Abdo, B., Wang, C., Brecht, T., Gao, Y. Y., Shankar, S., Hatridge, M., Catelani, G., et al. (2014) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.113.247001 · Cited by 142
Using a qubit to measure photon-number statistics of a driven thermal oscillator
Clerk, A. A., & Utami, D. W. (2007) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.75.042302 · Cited by 132
High-Coherence Hybrid Superconducting Qubit
Steffen, M., Kumar, S., Divincenzo, D. P., Rozen, J., Keefe, G., Rothwell, M. B., & Ketchen, M. B. (2010) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.105.100502 · Cited by 120
Measurement-Induced Qubit State Mixing in Circuit QED from Up-Converted Dephasing Noise
Slichter, D. H., Vijay, R., Weber, S. J., Boutin, S., Boissonneault, M., Gambetta, J., Blais, A., & Siddiqi, I. A. (2012) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.109.153601 · Cited by 115
Self-citationObservation of Floquet States in a Strongly Driven Artificial Atom
Deng, C., Orgiazzi, J.-L., Shen, F., Ashhab, S., & Lupaşcu, A. (2015) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.115.133601 · Cited by 114
Magnetic Flux Noise in dc SQUIDs: Temperature and Geometry Dependence
Anton, S. M., Birenbaum, J., O’Kelley, S. R., Bolkhovsky, V., Braje, D., Fitch, G., Neeley, M., Hilton, G. C., Cho, H.-M., Irwin, K. D., et al. (2013) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.110.147002 · Cited by 110
Self-citationSpectroscopy of low-frequency noise and its temperature dependence in a superconducting qubit
Yan, F., Bylander, J., Gustavsson, S., Yoshihara, F., Harrabi, K., Cory, D. G., Orlando, T. P., Nakamura, Y., Tsai, J.-S., & Oliver, W. D. (2012) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.85.174521 · Cited by 103
Self-citationExcitation of Superconducting Qubits from Hot Nonequilibrium Quasiparticles
Wenner, J., Yin, Y., Lucero, E. A., Barends, R., Chen, Y., Chiaro, B., Kelly, J., Lenander, M., Mariantoni, M., Megrant, A., et al. (2013) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.110.150502 · Cited by 72
Decoupling a Cooper-Pair Box to Enhance the Lifetime to 0.2 ms
Kim, Z., Suri, B., Zaretskey, V., Novikov, S. P., Osborn, K. D., Mizel, A., Wellstood, F. C., & Palmer, B. S. (2011) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.106.120501 · Cited by 71
Orgiazzi, J.-L., Deng, C., Layden, D., Marchildon, R. P., Kitapli, F., Shen, F., Bal, M., Ong, F. R., & Lupaşcu, A. (2016) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.93.104518 · Cited by 60
Dephasing of a flux-qubit coupled to a harmonic oscillatorPreprint
Bertet, P., Chiorescu, I., Harmans, C. J. P. M., & Mooij, J. E. (2005) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0507290 · Cited by 40
Fragility of flux qubits against quasiparticle tunneling
Leppäkangas, J., & Marthaler, M. (2012) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.85.144503 · Cited by 30
You, J. Q., Hu, X., Ashhab, S., & Nori, F. (2008) · OSA Workshop on Entanglement and Quantum Decoherence · doi:10.1364/weqd.2008.sss3 · Cited by 23
Josephson Persistent-Current Qubit
Mooij, J. E., Orlando, T. P., Levitov, L., et al. (1999) · University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) · Cited by 12
Self-citation
Cited by
Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor
Arute, F., Arya, K., Babbush, R., Bacon, D., Bardin, J. C., Barends, R., Biswas, R., Boixo, S., Brandao, F. G. S. L., Buell, D. A., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1666-5 · Cited by 7,720
Superconducting Qubits: Current State of Play
Kjaergaard, M., Schwartz, M. E., Braumüller, J., Krantz, P., Wang, J. I.-J., Gustavsson, S., & Oliver, W. D. (2020) · Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics · doi:10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031119-050605 · Cited by 1,544
Self-citationMaterials challenges and opportunities for quantum computing hardware
de Leon, N. P., Itoh, K. M., Kim, D., Mehta, K. K., Northup, T. E., Paik, H., Palmer, B. S., Samarth, N., Sangtawesin, S., & Steuerman, D. W. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abb2823 · Cited by 710
A Survey on quantum computing technology
Gyongyosi, L., & Imre, S. (2019) · Computer Science Review · doi:10.1016/j.cosrev.2018.11.002 · Cited by 646
Perspectives of quantum annealing: methods and implementations
Hauke, P., Katzgraber, H. G., Lechner, W., Nishimori, H., & Oliver, W. D. (2020) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6633/ab85b8 · Cited by 507
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Yan, F., Gustavsson, S., Kamal, A., Birenbaum, J., Sears, A. P., Hover, D., Gudmundsen, T. J., Rosenberg, D., Samach, G., Weber, S., Yoder, J. L., Orlando, T. P., Clarke, J., Kerman, A. J., & Oliver, W. D.
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2016-11-03
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 12964-12964
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2463723514
- Cited by
- 587
- References
- 66
- FWCI
- 39.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
