A genome-wide association meta-analysis of self-reported allergy identifies shared and allergy-specific susceptibility loci
Open accessAbstract
Allergic disease is very common and carries substantial public-health burdens. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide associations with self-reported cat, dust-mite and pollen allergies in 53,862 individuals. We used generalized estimating equations to model shared and allergy-specific genetic effects. We identified 16 shared susceptibility loci with association P<5×10(-8), including 8 loci previously associated with asthma, as well as 4p14 near TLR1, TLR6 and TLR10 (rs2101521, P=5.3×10(-21)); 6p21.33 near HLA-C and MICA (rs9266772, P=3.2×10(-12)); 5p13.1 near PTGER4 (rs7720838, P=8.2×10(-11)); 2q33.1 in PLCL1 (rs10497813, P=6.1×10(-10)), 3q28 in LPP (rs9860547, P=1.2×10(-9)); 20q13.2 in NFATC2 (rs6021270, P=6.9×10(-9)), 4q27 in ADAD1 (rs17388568, P=3.9×10(-8)); and 14q21.1 near FOXA1 and TTC6 (rs1998359, P=4.8×10(-8)). We identified one locus with substantial evidence of differences in effects across allergies at 6p21.32 in the class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region (rs17533090, P=1.7×10(-12)), which was strongly associated with cat allergy. Our study sheds new light on the shared etiology of immune and autoimmune disease.
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SNPs in LRRC32 have been strongly associated with allergic rhinitis in three genome-wide association studies and with asthma, eczema, and other allergy-related comorbidities.
“SNPs in leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 32 (LRRC32) have been strongly associated with AR in 3 of the GWASs,486-488 and with asthma,487,489 eczema,488,490 and other allergy-related comorbidities.486,489,491”
From International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (2018) · cites this paper as [487]
In the main text (page unavailable), the paper identifies LRRC32 as a locus where allergy and autoimmune disease share risk alleles. Its exploratory analysis examines rhinitis and asthma symptoms across allergy loci, but does not establish an LRRC32-specific association with rhinitis in three GWAS or with asthma and eczema individually. Those specifics are not supported by our copy. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA large-scale GWAS on self-reported cat, house dust mite, and pollen allergies, as well as allergic rhinitis, revealed 16 shared susceptibility loci with strong association (p < 5 × 10−8; TLR-locus top hit).
“These associations suggest shared genetic mechanisms for AR and other allergy-related diseases, evidence further supported by the large-scale GWAS on self-reported cat, HDM, and pollen allergies (as well as AR), which revealed 16 shared susceptibility loci with strong association (p < 5 × 10−8; TLR-locus top hit).487”
From International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (2018) · cites this paper as [487]
The paper’s opening summary (page not specified) reports a GWAS meta-analysis of self-reported cat, dust-mite, and pollen allergy that identified 16 shared loci at P<5×10−8; the TLR1/TLR6/TLR10-region locus has the strongest reported association. But allergic rhinitis was not one of the three phenotypes in that meta-analysis. The paper assessed rhinitis symptoms separately in an exploratory analysis, so the claim overstates its role in the 16-locus finding. (LLM, conf=0.89)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSNPs in different TLRs have been associated with allergic rhinitis in both genome-wide association studies (TLR1, TLR6, TLR10) and candidate gene studies (TLR8).
“SNPs in different TLRs have been associated with AR in both GWASs (TLR1, TLR6, TLR10)486,487 and candidate gene studies (TLR8), as discussed in the next paragraph.494”
From International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (2018) · cites this paper as [487]
The paper’s main findings report a genome-wide association for a locus near TLR1, TLR6, and TLR10, but the primary phenotype was self-reported cat, dust-mite, and pollen allergy, not allergic rhinitis specifically. Its exploratory analysis of rhinitis symptoms says effects at all index SNPs were in the same direction, without establishing a rhinitis association for the TLR locus in the passage available. The TLR8 candidate-gene claim is attached to a different citation and is not judged here (main text; page unavailable). (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAn accompanying GWAS on allergic sensitization showed strong overlap between top hits for sensitization and self-reported allergies.
“In an accompanying GWAS on allergic sensitization, there was strong overlap between top hits for sensitization and self-reported allergies.487,493”
From International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (2018) · cites this paper as [487]
The associations of LRRC32 with allergic rhinitis and other allergy-related diseases suggest shared genetic mechanisms.
“These associations suggest shared genetic mechanisms for AR and other allergy-related diseases, evidence further supported by the large-scale GWAS on self-reported cat, HDM, and pollen allergies (as well as AR), which revealed 16 shared susceptibility loci with strong association (p < 5 × 10−8; TLR-locus top hit).487”
From International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (2018) · cites this paper as [487]
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Flagged first, then by citations
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- Authors
- Hinds, D. A., McMahon, G., Kiefer, A. K., Do, C. B., Eriksson, N., Evans, D. M., St Pourcain, B., Ring, S. M., Mountain, J. L., Francke, U., Davey-Smith, G., Timpson, N. J., & Tung, J. Y.
- Affiliations
- 23andMe (United States) (US)
- University of Bristol (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Hinds, David A
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Genetics
- Published
- 2013-06-30
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 907-911
- ISSN
- 1061-4036 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1718
- PMC
- PMC3753407
- OpenAlex
- W2045008815
- Cited by
- 246
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 3.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (092731)
- University of Bristol
- National Institutes of Health
- Medical Research Council
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R43HL115873)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization
- Keywords
- allergy, self-reported allergy, cat allergy, house dust mite allergy, allergic rhinitis, asthma, genetic susceptibility loci, shared genetic effects, HLA class II region, EP4 receptor, LPP, NFATc2, FOXA1, autoimmune disease genetics
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Allergens, Animals, Cats, Female, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Male, Middle Aged, Cohort Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Pyroglyphidae, Genome-Wide Association Study, Young Adult, Genetic Loci, Self Report
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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