Cited by 4,148Cancer Immunotherapy and BiomarkersImmunotherapy and Immune ResponsesImmune cells in cancer

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 149 of the 149 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Innate and adaptive immune cells in the tumor microenvironment

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Abstract

Most tumor cells express antigens that can mediate recognition by host CD8(+) T cells. Cancers that are detected clinically must have evaded antitumor immune responses to grow progressively. Recent work has suggested two broad categories of tumor escape based on cellular and molecular characteristics of the tumor microenvironment. One major subset shows a T cell-inflamed phenotype consisting of infiltrating T cells, a broad chemokine profile and a type I interferon signature indicative of innate immune activation. These tumors appear to resist immune attack through the dominant inhibitory effects of immune system-suppressive pathways. The other major phenotype lacks this T cell-inflamed phenotype and appears to resist immune attack through immune system exclusion or ignorance. These two major phenotypes of tumor microenvironment may require distinct immunotherapeutic interventions for maximal therapeutic effect.

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Crossref · 10.1038/ni.2703

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  1. Spranger, S. et al. Upregulation of PD-L1, IDO and Tregs in the melanoma tumor microenvironment is driven by CD8+ T cells. Sci. Transl. Med. (in the press).

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Metadata

Authors
Gajewski, T. F., Schreiber, H., & Fu, Y.-X.
Affiliations
University of Chicago (US)
Corresponding author
Gajewski, Thomas F
Venue
Nature Immunology
Published
2013-09-18
Volume
14
Issue
10
Pages
1014-1022
ISSN
  • 1529-2908 (ISSN-L)
  • 1529-2916
OpenAlex
W2042699075
Cited by
4,148
References
149
Citations by year
2026: 187 · 2025: 310 · 2024: 432 · 2023: 486 · 2022: 443 · 2021: 522 · 2020: 372 · 2019: 315 · 2018: 290 · 2017: 290 · 2016: 240 · 2015: 162 · 2014: 82 · 2013: 1
FWCI
17.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature Immunology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Cancer Institute (R01CA161005, R01CA127475, R01CA118153)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
Keywords
tumor microenvironment, tumor immune evasion, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, CD8+ T cells, immune exclusion, type I interferon signature, chemokine profile, immune checkpoint blockade, cancer immunotherapy
MeSH terms
Animals, Dendritic Cells, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Lymphocyte Activation, Neoplasms, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Stromal Cells, Adaptive Immunity, Tumor Microenvironment

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