Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 1,657

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Regulatory T cells mediate maternal tolerance to the fetus

Aluvihare, Varuna R, Kallikourdis, Marinos, Betz, Alexander G·2004·Nature Immunology

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/ni1037

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 3 references

Research works printed but not linked: 30

  1. Tafuri, A., Alferink, J., Moller, P., Hammerling, G.J. & Arnold, B. T cell awareness of paternal alloantigens during pregnancy. Science 270, 630–633 (1995). · DOI · Paper page
  2. Munn, D.H. et al. Prevention of allogeneic fetal rejection by tryptophan catabolism. Science 281, 1191–1193 (1998). · DOI · Paper page
  3. Mellor, A.L. et al. Prevention of T cell-driven complement activation and inflammation by tryptophan catabolism during pregnancy. Nat. Immunol. 2, 64–68 (2001). · DOI · Paper page
  4. Rouas-Freiss, N., Goncalves, R.M., Menier, C., Dausset, J. & Carosella, E.D. Direct evidence to support the role of HLA-G in protecting the fetus from maternal uterine natural killer cytolysis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 11520–11525 (1997). · DOI · Paper page
  5. Mellor, A.L. & Munn, D.H. Immunology at the maternal-fetal interface: lessons for T cell tolerance and suppression. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 18, 367–391 (2000). · DOI · Paper page
  6. Makrigiannakis, A. et al. Corticotropin-releasing hormone promotes blastocyst implantation and early maternal tolerance. Nat. Immunol. 2, 1018–1024 (2001). · DOI
  7. Xu, C. et al. A critical role for murine complement regulator crry in fetomaternal tolerance. Science 287, 498–501 (2000). · DOI · Paper page
  8. Jiang, S.P. & Vacchio, M.S. Multiple mechanisms of peripheral T cell tolerance to the fetal “allograft”. J. Immunol. 160, 3086–3090 (1998). · DOI · Paper page
  9. Beagley, K.W. & Gockel, C.M. Regulation of innate and adaptive immunity by the female sex hormones oestradiol and progesterone. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 38, 13–22 (2003). · DOI · Paper page
  10. Mattsson, R., Mattsson, A., Holmdahl, R., Whyte, A. & Rook, G.A. Maintained pregnancy levels of oestrogen afford complete protection from post-partum exacerbation of collagen-induced arthritis. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 85, 41–47 (1991). · DOI
  11. Thellin, O., Coumans, B., Zorzi, W., Igout, A. & Heinen, E. Tolerance to the foeto-placental 'graft': ten ways to support a child for nine months. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 12, 731–737 (2000). · DOI
  12. Sakaguchi, S. et al. Immunologic tolerance maintained by CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells: their common role in controlling autoimmunity, tumor immunity, and transplantation tolerance. Immunol. Rev. 182, 18–32 (2001). · DOI · Paper page
  13. Bystry, R.S., Aluvihare, V., Welch, K.A., Kallikourdis, M. & Betz, A.G. B cells and professional APCs recruit regulatory T cells via CCL4. Nat. Immunol. 2, 1126–1132 (2001). · DOI · Paper page
  14. Maloy, K.J. et al. CD4+CD25+ TR cells suppress innate immune pathology through cytokine-dependent mechanisms. J. Exp. Med. 197, 111–119 (2003). · DOI · Paper page
  15. James, E. et al. Multiparity induces priming to male-specific minor histocompatibility antigen, HY, in mice and humans. Blood 102, 388–393 (2003). · DOI
  16. Khattri, R., Cox, T., Yasayko, S.A. & Ramsdell, F. An essential role for Scurfin in CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells. Nat. Immunol. 4, 337–342 (2003). · DOI · Paper page
  17. Aseffa, A. et al. The early IL-4 response to Leishmania major and the resulting Th2 cell maturation steering progressive disease in BALB/c mice are subject to the control of regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells. J. Immunol. 169, 3232–3241 (2002). · DOI
  18. Golgher, D., Jones, E., Powrie, F., Elliott, T. & Gallimore, A. Depletion of CD25+ regulatory cells uncovers immune responses to shared murine tumor rejection antigens. Eur. J. Immunol. 32, 3267–3275 (2002). · DOI · Paper page
  19. Barthlott, T., Kassiotis, G. & Stockinger, B. T cell regulation as a side effect of homeostasis and competition. J. Exp. Med. 197, 451–460 (2003). · DOI · Paper page
  20. Jameson, S.C. Maintaining the norm: T-cell homeostasis. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2, 547–556 (2002). · DOI · Paper page
  21. Ernst, B., Lee, D.S., Chang, J.M., Sprent, J. & Surh, C.D. The peptide ligands mediating positive selection in the thymus control T cell survival and homeostatic proliferation in the periphery. Immunity 11, 173–181 (1999). · DOI · Paper page
  22. Takahashi, T. et al. Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells constitutively expressing cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4. J. Exp. Med. 192, 303–310 (2000). · DOI · Paper page
  23. Grohmann, U. et al. CTLA-4-Ig regulates tryptophan catabolism in vivo. Nat. Immunol. 3, 1097–1101 (2002). · DOI · Paper page
  24. Fallarino, F. et al. Modulation of tryptophan catabolism by regulatory T cells. Nat. Immunol. 4, 1206–1212 (2003). · DOI · Paper page
  25. Hetherington, C.M. & Humber, D.P. The effect of pregnancy on lymph node weight in the mouse. J. Immunogenet. 4, 271–276 (1977). · doi:10.1111/j.1744-313x.1977.tb00909.x
  26. Jordan, M.S. et al. Thymic selection of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells induced by an agonist self-peptide. Nat. Immunol. 2, 301–306 (2001). · DOI · Paper page
  27. Annacker, O., Pimenta-Araujo, R., Burlen-Defranoux, O. & Bandeira, A. On the ontogeny and physiology of regulatory T cells. Immunol. Rev. 182, 5–17 (2001). · DOI
  28. Annunziato, F. et al. Phenotype, localization, and mechanism of suppression of CD4+CD25+ human thymocytes. J. Exp. Med. 196, 379–387 (2002). · DOI · Paper page
  29. Read, S. & Powrie, F. CD4+ regulatory T cells. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 13, 644–649 (2001). · DOI · Paper page
  30. Pearson, H. Reproductive immunology: Immunity's pregnant pause. Nature 420, 265–266 (2002). · DOI

Cited by

See all 1,657

Metadata

Authors
Aluvihare, V. R., Kallikourdis, M., & Betz, A. G.
Venue
Nature Immunology
Published
2004-02-01
Volume
5
Issue
3
Pages
266-271
ISSN
  • 1529-2908 (ISSN-L)
  • 1529-2916
OpenAlex
W2018020394
Cited by
1,657
References
3
FWCI
25.25
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Regulatory T cells mediate maternal tolerance to the fetus. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/ni1037
The paper
Aluvihare, V. R., Kallikourdis, M., & Betz, A. G. (2004). Regulatory T cells mediate maternal tolerance to the fetus. Nature Immunology. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni1037

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.