Adora2b-elicited Per2 stabilization promotes a HIF-dependent metabolic switch crucial for myocardial adaptation to ischemia
Open accessAbstract
Adenosine signaling has been implicated in cardiac adaptation to limited oxygen availability. In a wide search for adenosine receptor A2b (Adora2b)-elicited cardioadaptive responses, we identified the circadian rhythm protein period 2 (Per2) as an Adora2b target. Adora2b signaling led to Per2 stabilization during myocardial ischemia, and in this setting, Per2(-/-) mice had larger infarct sizes compared to wild-type mice and loss of the cardioprotection conferred by ischemic preconditioning. Metabolic studies uncovered a limited ability of ischemic hearts in Per2(-/-) mice to use carbohydrates for oxygen-efficient glycolysis. This impairment was caused by a failure to stabilize hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (Hif-1α). Moreover, stabilization of Per2 in the heart by exposing mice to intense light resulted in the transcriptional induction of glycolytic enzymes and Per2-dependent cardioprotection from ischemia. Together, these studies identify adenosine-elicited stabilization of Per2 in the control of HIF-dependent cardiac metabolism and ischemia tolerance and implicate Per2 stabilization as a potential new strategy for treating myocardial ischemia.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Genetic manipulation of clock components impacts the ischemic tolerance of the heart, with some mutations worsening and some improving the response.
“Genetic manipulation of clock components impacts the ischemic tolerance of the heart, with some mutations worsening (146) and some improving the response (147).”
From Role of the circadian system in cardiovascular disease (2018) · cites this paper as [146]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Coordination of circadian timing in mammals
Reppert, S. M., & Weaver, D. R. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature00965 · Cited by 4,379 · see citing works
Ischemia and reperfusion—from mechanism to translation
Eltzschig, H. K., & Eckle, T. D. L. G. (2011) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2507 · Cited by 3,389 · see citing works
Self-citationDibner, C., Schibler, U., & Albrecht, U. (2010) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021909-135821 · Cited by 2,421 · see citing works
The Failing Heart — An Engine Out of Fuel
Neubauer, S. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra063052 · Cited by 2,410 · see citing works
Yoo, S.-H., Yamazaki, S., Lowrey, P. L., Shimomura, K., Ko, C. H., Buhr, E. D., Siepka, S. M., Hong, H.-K., Oh, W. J., Yoo, O. J., et al. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0308709101 · Cited by 2,329 · see citing works
Eltzschig, H. K., & Carmeliet, P. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra0910283 · Cited by 2,061 · see citing works
Self-citationTranscriptional regulation of genes encoding glycolytic enzymes by hypoxia-inducible factor 1.
Semenza, G., Roth, P. H., Fang, H. M., & Wang, G. L. (1994) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)31580-6 · Cited by 1,892 · see citing works
Circadian Variation in the Frequency of Onset of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Muller, J. E., Stone, P. H., Turi, Z. G., Rutherford, J. D., Czeisler, C. A., Parker, C., Poole, W. K., Passamani, E., Roberts, R., Robertson, T., et al. (1985) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198511213132103 · Cited by 1,884 · see citing works
Hypoxia, HIF1 and glucose metabolism in the solid tumour
Denko, N. C. (2008) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc2468 · Cited by 1,707 · see citing works
Posttranslational Mechanisms Regulate the Mammalian Circadian Clock
Lee, C., Etchegaray, J., Cagampang, F. R. A., Loudon, A. S. I., & Reppert, S. M. (2001) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00610-9 · Cited by 1,158 · see citing works
Nonredundant roles of the mPer1 and mPer2 genes in the mammalian circadian clock.
Zheng, B., Albrecht, U., Kaasik, K., Sage, M., Lu, W., Vaishnav, S., Li, Q., Sun, Z. S., Eichele, G., Bradley, A., et al. (2001) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00380-4 · Cited by 900 · see citing works
Post-translational modifications regulate the ticking of the circadian clock
Gallego, M., & Virshup, D. M. (2007) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm2106 · Cited by 863 · see citing works
Regulation of CREB Phosphorylation in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus by Light and a Circadian Clock
Ginty, D. D., Kornhauser, J. M., Thompson, M. A., Bading, H., Mayo, K. E., Takahashi, J. S., & Greenberg, M. E. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8097062 · Cited by 823 · see citing works
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha is a positive factor in solid tumor growth.
Ryan, H. E., Poloni, M., McNulty, W., Elson, D., Gassmann, M., Arbeit, J. M., & Johnson, R. S. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 786 · see citing works
Russell, R. R., Li, J., Coven, D. L., Pypaert, M., Zechner, C., Palmeri, M., Giordano, F. J., Mu, J., Birnbaum, M. J., & Young, L. H. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci19297 · Cited by 738 · see citing works
The mPer2 gene encodes a functional component of the mammalian circadian clock
Zheng, B., Larkin, D. W., Albrecht, U., Sun, Z. S., Sage, M., Eichele, G., Lee, C. C., & Bradley, A. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/22118 · Cited by 718 · see citing works
Sohal, D. S., Nghiem, M. P., Crackower, M. A., Witt, S. A., Kimball, T. R., Tymitz, K. M., Penninger, J. M., & Molkentin, J. D. (2001) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/hh1301.092687 · Cited by 697 · see citing works
Sitkovsky, M. V., Lukashev, D. E., Apasov, S. G., Kojima, H., Koshiba, M., Caldwell, C. C., Ohta, A., & Thiel, M. (2004) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104731 · Cited by 697 · see citing works
Adenosine, an endogenous distress signal, modulates tissue damage and repair
Fredholm, B. B. (2007) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4402132 · Cited by 690 · see citing works
Crucial Role for Ecto-5′-Nucleotidase (CD73) in Vascular Leakage during Hypoxia
Thompson, L. F., Eltzschig, H. K., Ibla, J. C., Wiele, C. J. V. D., Resta, R., Morote–Garcia, J. C., & Colgan, S. P. (2004) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20040915 · Cited by 544 · see citing works
Self-citationCoordinated Adenine Nucleotide Phosphohydrolysis and Nucleoside Signaling in Posthypoxic Endothelium
Eltzschig, H. K., Ibla, J. C., Furuta, G. T., Leonard, M. O., Jacobson, K. A., Enjyoji, K., Robson, S. C., & Colgan, S. P. (2003) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20030891 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Self-citationPER2 controls lipid metabolism by direct regulation of PPARγ
Grimaldi, B., Bellet, M. M., Katada, S., Astarita, G., Hirayama, J., Amin, R. H., Granneman, J. G., Piomelli, D., Leff, T., & Sassone-Corsi, P. (2010) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2010.10.005 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
The human circadian clock entrains to sun time
Roenneberg, T., Kumar, C., & Merrow, M. W. (2007) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.12.011 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Cardioprotection by Ecto-5′-Nucleotidase (CD73) and A 2B Adenosine Receptors
Eckle, T. D. L. G., Krahn, T., Grenz, A., Köhler, D., Mittelbronn, M. G. A., Ledent, C. A., Jacobson, M. A., Oßwald, H., Thompson, L. F., Unertl, K. E., et al. (2007) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.669697 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Self-citationcAMP-dependent signaling as a core component of the mammalian circadian pacemaker
O'Neill, J. S., Maywood, E. S., Chesham, J. E., Takahashi, J. S., & Hastings, M. H. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1152506 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Is Central to Cardioprotection
Eckle, T. D. L. G., Köhler, D., Lehmann, R., Kasmi, K. C. E., & Eltzschig, H. K. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.758516 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Self-citationMetabolism and the Control of Circadian Rhythms
Rutter, J. P., Reick, M., & McKnight, S. L. (2002) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.71.090501.142857 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Jaswal, J. S., Keung, W., Wang, W., Ussher, J. R., & Lopaschuk, G. D. (2011) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.01.015 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
The Cell Biology of Acute Myocardial Ischemia
Jennings, R. B., & Reimer, K. A. (1991) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev.me.42.020191.001301 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
HIF‐dependent induction of adenosine A2B receptor in hypoxia
Kong, T., Westerman, K. A., Faigle, M., Eltzschig, H. K., & Colgan, S. P. (2006) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.06-6419com · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Self-citationSafran, M., Kim, W. Y., O'Connell, F., Flippin, L., Günzler, V., Horner, J. W., DePinho, R. A., & Kaelin, W. G. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0509459103 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
A2B adenosine receptor dampens hypoxia-induced vascular leak
Eckle, T. D. L. G., Faigle, M., Grenz, A., Laucher, S., Thompson, L. F., & Eltzschig, H. K. (2007) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2007-10-117044 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Self-citationOxygen Sensors at the Crossroad of Metabolism
Aragonés, J., Fraisl, P., Baes, M. I., & Carmeliet, P. (2009) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2008.10.001 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
The Cardiomyocyte Circadian Clock: Emerging Roles in Health and Disease
Durgan, D. J., & Young, M. E. (2010) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.109.209957 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Durgan, D. J., Pulinilkunnil, T., Villegas-Montoya, C., Garvey, M. E., Frangogiannis, N. G., Michael, L. H., Chow, C.-W., Dyck, J. R. B., & Young, M. E. (2010) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.109.209346 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Mutation of the Circadian Clock Gene Per2 Alters Vascular Endothelial Function
Viswambharan, H., Carvas, J. M., Antic, V., Marecic, A., Jud, C., Zaugg, C. E., Ming, X., Montani, J., Albrecht, U., & Yang, Z. (2007) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.653303 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Responses of GLUT4-Deficient Hearts to Ischemia Underscore the Importance of Glycolysis
Tian, R., & Abel, E. D. (2001) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.103.24.2961 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Constant darkness is a circadian metabolic signal in mammals
Zhang, J., Kaasik, K., Blackburn, M. R., & Lee, C. C. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04368 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Circadian variations of infarct size in acute myocardial infarction
Suárez-Barrientos, A., López‐Romero, P., Vivas, D., Castro-Ferreira, F., Nuñez-Gil, I. J., Franco, E., Ruiz-Mateos, B., García-Rubira, J. C., Fernández‐Ortíz, A., Macaya, C., et al. (2011) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.2010.212621 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Neddylation and deneddylation regulate Cul1 and Cul3 protein accumulation
Wu, J., Lin, H., Hu, Y.-C., & Chien, C. (2005) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb1301 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
A chronic mouse model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion: essential in cytokine studies
Nossuli, T. O., Lakshminarayanan, V., Baumgarten, G., Taffet, G. E., Ballantyne, C. M., Michael, L. H., & Entman, M. L. (2000) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.2000.278.4.h1049 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Glucose Metabolism in the Ischemic Heart
Lopaschuk, G. D., & Stanley, W. C. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.95.2.313 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Wolska, B. M., Stojanović, M. O., Luo, W., et al. (1996) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.1996.271.1.c391 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Invited Review: Regulation of mammalian circadian clock genes
Albrecht, U. (2002) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00759.2001 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Wang, C., Wen, M., Wang, H., Hsieh, C., Li, Y., Liu, P., Lin, F., & Liao, J. K. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.790469 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Method for isolation of adult mouse cardiac myocytes for studies of contraction and microfluorimetry
Wolska, B. M., & Solaro, R. J. (1996) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.1996.271.3.h1250 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Reiter, R., Swingen, C., Moore, L., Henry, T. D., & Traverse, J. H. (2011) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.111.254284 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Systematic evaluation of a novel model for cardiac ischemic preconditioning in mice
Eckle, T. D. L. G., Grenz, A., Köhler, D., et al. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00472.2006 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationClock Genes Display Rhythmic Expression in Human Hearts
Leibetseder, V. J., Humpeler, S., Svoboda, M., Schmid, D., Thalhammer, T., Zuckermann, A. O., Marktl, W., & Ekmekçioğlu, C. (2009) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420520902924939 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Hyvärinen, J., Hassinen, I. E., Sormunen, R. T., Mäki, J. M., Kivirikko, K. I., Koivunen, P., & Myllyharju, J. (2010) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m109.084855 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Metabolic Approaches to the Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease: The Clinicians' Perspective
Wolff, A. A., Rotmensch, H. H., Stanley, W. C., & Ferrari, R. (2002) · Heart Failure Reviews · doi:10.1023/a:1015384710373 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
The Gs-coupled adenosine A2b receptor recruits divergent pathways to regulate ERK1/2 and p38☆
Schulte, G., & Fredholm, B. B. (2003) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/s0014-4827(03)00324-0 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Clock Gene Modulation by TNF-α Depends on Calcium and p38 MAP Kinase Signaling
Petrzilka, S., Taraborrelli, C., Cavadini, G., Fontana, A., & Birchler, T. (2009) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/0748730409336579 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Antiinflammatory adaptation to hypoxia through adenosine-mediated cullin-1 deneddylation
Khoury, J., Ibla, J. C., Neish, A. S., & Colgan, S. P. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci30049 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationAdenosine alters glucose use during ischemia and reperfusion in isolated rat hearts.
Finegan, B. A., Lopaschuk, G. D., Coulson, C. S., & Clanachan, A. S. (1993) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.87.3.900 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Attenuation of myocardial injury in mice with functional deletion of the circadian rhythm gene mPer2
Virag, J. A. I., Dries, J. L., Easton, P., et al. (2010) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01280.2008 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
A Role of Erythrocytes in Adenosine Monophosphate Initiation of Hypometabolism in Mammals
Daniels, I. S., Zhang, J., O'Brien, W. G., et al. (2010) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m109.090845 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Expression of Circadian Clock and Melatonin Receptors within Cultured Rat Cardiomyocytes
Garcia, R. A. P., Zanquetta, M. M., Andrade-Silva, J., Gomes, D. A., Barreto‐Chaves, M. L. M., & Cipolla‐Neto, J. (2010) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2010.525675 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Walker, L. A., Walker, J. S., Ambler, S. K., & Buttrick, P. M. (2009) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.09.010 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationPhotoperiodic regulation of PER1 and PER2 protein expression in rat peripheral tissues
Bendová, Z., & Sumová, A. (2006) · Physiological Research · doi:10.33549/physiolres.930849 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Mikus, P., & Zundel, W. (2005) · Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2005.03.002 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Functional and Clinical Significance of the 24-Hour Rhythm of Circulating Glucocorticoids
Oster, H., Challet, E., Ott, V., Arvat, E., de Kloet, E. R., Dijk, D.-J., Lightman, S., Vgontzas, A., & Van Cauter, E. (2017) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2015-1080 · Cited by 548 · see citing works
Circadian rhythms and the molecular clock in cardiovascular biology and disease
Crnko, S., Du Pré, B. C., Sluijter, J. P. G., & Van Laake, L. W. (2019) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-019-0167-4 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Circadian disruption and human health
Fishbein, A. B., Knutson, K. L., & Zee, P. C. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci148286 · Cited by 468 · see citing works
Role of the circadian system in cardiovascular disease
Thosar, S. S., Butler, M. P., & Shea, S. A. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci80590 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Montaigne, D., Marechal, X., Modine, T., Coisne, A., Mouton, S., Fayad, G., Ninni, S., Klein, C., Ortmans, S., Seunes, C., et al. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32132-3 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Targeting hypoxia-inducible factors: therapeutic opportunities and challenges
Yuan, X., Ruan, W., Bobrow, B., Carmeliet, P., & Eltzschig, H. K. (2024) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-023-00848-6 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Self-citationHypoxia and inflammation are two sides of the same coin
Bartels, K., Grenz, A., & Eltzschig, H. K. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1318345110 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Self-citationCircadian gene variants in cancer
Kettner, N. M., Katchy, C. A., & Fu, L. (2014) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.3109/07853890.2014.914808 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Oxygen‐sensing mechanisms in cells
Wilson, J. W., Shakir, D., Batie, M., Frost, M., & Rocha, S. (2020) · The FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.15374 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Galindo, C. L., Kasasbeh, E., Murphy, A., Ryzhov, S., Lenihan, S., Ahmad, F. A., Williams, P., Nunnally, A., Adcock, J., Song, Y., et al. (2014) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.113.000773 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Joseph, L. C., Subramanyam, P., Radlicz, C., Trent, C. M., Iyer, V., Colecraft, H. M., & Morrow, J. P. (2016) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2016.05.002 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
- Authors
- Eckle, T., Hartmann, K., Bonney, S., Reithel, S., Mittelbronn, M., Walker, L. A., Lowes, B. D., Han, J., Borchers, C. H., Buttrick, P. M., Kominsky, D. J., Colgan, S. P., & Eltzschig, H. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Anschutz (US)
- Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
- University of Victoria (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Eckle, Tobias
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Medicine
- Published
- 2012-04-15
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 774-782
- ISSN
- 1078-8956 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-170X
- PMC
- PMC3378044
- OpenAlex
- W1995475470
- Cited by
- 314
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 20.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- American Heart Association
- Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America
- University of Denver
- Crohn's and Colitis Foundation
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL098294, R01HL60569, R01HL060569, R01HL098294, HL-60569, K08HL102267, R01HL092188, R01‑HL0921)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R37DK050189, R01DK083385, R01DK095491)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Cardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Physiology › Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- adenosine A2B receptor, Per2, HIF-1α stabilization, myocardial ischemia, myocardial metabolism, glycolysis, ischemic preconditioning, cardioprotection, circadian rhythm, hypoxia, light exposure, infarct size
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Cells, Cultured, Glycolysis, Humans, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Myocardium, Myocardial Ischemia, Receptor, Adenosine A2B, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex, Mice, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit, Period Circadian Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
