Cited by 443Thermal properties of materialsThermoelastic and Magnetoelastic PhenomenaThermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies

Quasi-ballistic thermal transport from nanoscale interfaces observed using ultrafast coherent soft X-ray beams

Siemens, Mark E., Li, Qing, Yang, Ronggui, Nelson, Keith A., Anderson, Erik H., Murnane, Margaret M., Kapteyn, Henry C.·2010·Nature Materials

Abstract

Fourier theory of thermal transport considers heat transport as a diffusive process where energy flow is driven by a temperature gradient. However, this is not valid at length scales smaller than the mean free path for the energy carriers in a material, which can be hundreds of nanometres in crystalline materials at room temperature. In this case, heat flow will become 'ballistic'--driven by direct point-to-point transport of energy quanta. Past experiments have demonstrated size-dependent ballistic thermal transport through nanostructures such as thin films, superlattices, nanowires and carbon nanotubes. The Fourier law should also break down in the case of heat dissipation from a nanoscale heat source into the bulk. However, despite considerable theoretical discussion and direct application to thermal management in nanoelectronics, nano-enabled energy systems and nanomedicine, this non-Fourier heat dissipation has not been experimentally observed so far. Here, we report the first observation and quantitative measurements of this transition from diffusive to ballistic thermal transport from a nanoscale hotspot, finding a significant (as much as three times) decrease in energy transport away from the nanoscale heat source compared with Fourier-law predictions.

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Crossref · 10.1038/nmat2568

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Authors
Siemens, M. E., Li, Q., Yang, R., Nelson, K. A., Anderson, E. H., Murnane, M. M., & Kapteyn, H. C.
Affiliations
  • Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics (US)
  • University of Colorado Boulder (US)
  • Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
  • Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
Corresponding author
Siemens, Mark E.
Venue
Nature Materials
Published
2009-11-08
Volume
9
Issue
1
Pages
26-30
ISSN
  • 1476-1122 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-4660
OpenAlex
W2165930865
Cited by
443
References
29
Citations by year
2026: 18 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 17
FWCI
8.22
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nature Materials (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation
  • U.S. Department of Energy
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Thermal properties of materials
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanics of Materials › Thermoelastic and Magnetoelastic Phenomena
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies
Keywords
ballistic thermal transport, nanoscale interfaces, non-Fourier heat conduction, nanoscale thermal management

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