Instrumentation of broadband frequency domain thermoreflectance for measuring thermal conductivity accumulation functions
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This paper describes the instrumentation for broadband frequency domain thermoreflectance (BB-FDTR), a novel, continuous wave laser technique for measuring the thermal conductivity accumulation function. The thermal conductivity accumulation function describes cumulative contributions to the bulk thermal conductivity of a material from energy carriers with different mean free paths. It can be used to map reductions in thermal conductivity in nano-devices, which arise when the dimensions of the device are commensurate to the mean free path of energy carriers. BB-FDTR uses high frequency surface temperature modulation to generate non-diffusive phonon transport realized through a reduction in the perceived thermal conductivity. By controlling the modulation frequency it is possible to reconstruct the thermal conductivity accumulation function. A unique heterodyning technique is used to down-convert the signal, therein improving our signal to noise ratio and enabling results over a broader range of modulation frequencies (200 kHz-200 MHz) and hence mean free paths.
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A heterodyne technique called broadband frequency-domain thermoreflectance (BB-FDTR) has been implemented to extend the modulation frequency up to 200 MHz.
“A heterodyne technique called broadband frequencydomain thermoreflectance (BB-FDTR) 147 has thus been implemented to extend the modulation frequency up to 200 MHz .”
From Tutorial: Time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) for thermal property characterization of bulk and thin film materials (2018) · cites this paper as [147]
The frequency difference f1-f2 can be chosen to be close to the upper limit of the lock-in amplifier frequency range so that higher harmonic components are naturally excluded from lock-in detection.
“Another benefit is that the frequency difference f 1 -f 2 can also be chosen to be close to the upper limit of the frequency range of the lock-in amplifier so that the higher harmonic components are naturally excluded from the lock-in detection. 147”
From Tutorial: Time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) for thermal property characterization of bulk and thin film materials (2018) · cites this paper as [147]
BB-FDTR was introduced to study phonon mean free path spectra in semiconductors, similar to frequency-dependent TDTR based on the physical picture of non-diffusive phonon transport.
“For example, it was introduced to study phonon MFP spectra in semiconductors, 92, 147, 148 similar to the frequency-dependent TDTR that is based on the physical picture of non-diffusive phonon transport, see more details in Section IV(D).”
From Tutorial: Time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) for thermal property characterization of bulk and thin film materials (2018) · cites this paper as [147]
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- Authors
- Regner, K. T., Majumdar, S., & Malen, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- ORCID
- Malen, J. A.
- Venue
- Review of Scientific Instruments
- Publisher
- AIP Publishing
- Published
- 2013-06-01
- Volume
- 84
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 064901-064901
- ISSN
- 0034-6748 (ISSN-L)
- 1089-7623
- OpenAlex
- W1977710773
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 3.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Review of Scientific Instruments (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- KiltHub Repository (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- KiltHub Repository
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (CAREER, 1149374)
- American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund (PRF51423DN10)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Thermal properties of materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanics of Materials › Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies
- Keywords
- mean free path, signal-to-noise ratio
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