Perceptual decision making in less than 30 milliseconds
Open accessAbstract
In perceptual discrimination tasks, a subject's response time is determined by both sensory and motor processes. Measuring the time consumed by the perceptual evaluation step alone is therefore complicated by factors such as motor preparation, task difficulty and speed-accuracy tradeoffs. Here we present a task design that minimizes these confounding factors and allows us to track a subject's perceptual performance with unprecedented temporal resolution. We find that monkeys can make accurate color discriminations in less than 30 ms. Furthermore, our simple task design provides a tool for elucidating how neuronal activity relates to sensory as opposed to motor processing, as demonstrated with neural data from cortical oculomotor neurons. In these cells, perceptual information acts by accelerating and decelerating the ongoing motor plans associated with correct and incorrect choices, as predicted by a race-to-threshold model, and the time course of these neural events parallels the time course of the subject's choice accuracy.
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A shift of attention can remain covert or be accompanied by saccades generated by a network including portions of the basal ganglia, superior colliculus, and frontal eye field.
“A shift of attention can remain covert – generating only an improvement in perceptual discrimination – or can be accompanied by saccades – rapid eye movements that are generated by a network of cortical and subcortical structures that includes portions of the basal ganglia, the superior colliculus and the frontal eye field (Schall et al., 2011; Stanford et al., 2010).”
From Attention, learning, and the value of information (2012) · cites this paper as Stanford et al., 2010
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- Authors
- Stanford, T. R., Shankar, S., Massoglia, D. P., Costello, M. G., & Salinas, E.
- Affiliations
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
- Corresponding author
- Salinas, Emilio
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2010-01-24
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 379-385
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- PMC
- PMC2834559
- OpenAlex
- W2031658574
- Cited by
- 228
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 11.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA030750)
- National Eye Institute (R01EY012389)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Keywords
- perceptual decision making, perceptual discrimination, color discrimination, reaction time (psychology), motor reaction time, oculomotor neurons, choice accuracy, monkeys
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Haplorhini, Color, Decision Making, Microelectrodes, Models, Neurological, Neurons, Neuropsychological Tests, Photic Stimulation, Psychometrics, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Saccades, Video Recording, Visual Perception, Eye Movement Measurements
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