Representative learning design and functionality of research and practice in sport
Open accessAbstract
Egon Brunswik proposed the concept of “representative design” for psychological experimentation, which has historically been overlooked or confused with another of Brunswik’s terms, ecological validity. In this article, we reiterate the distinction between these two important concepts and highlight the relevance of the term representative design for sports psychology, practice, and experimental design. We draw links with ideas on learning design in the constraints-led approach to motor learning and nonlinear pedagogy. We propose the adoption of a new term, representative learning design , to help sport scientists, experimental psychologists, and pedagogues recognize the potential application of Brunswik’s original concepts, and to ensure functionality and action fidelity in training and learning environments.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The merit of representative learning designs has been supported by an extensive body of research.
“The merit of representative learning designs (i.e., measured by the degree to which skills acquired in practice transfer to the competitive environment; Renshaw and Chow, 2019) has been supported by an extensive body of research (see Pinder et al., 2011; Krause et al., 2018, 2019).”
From Skill Training Periodization in “Specialist” Sports Coaching—An Introduction of the “PoST” Framework for Skill Development (2019) · cites this paper as Pinder et al., 2011
The “Representative Learning Design” section cites studies of training drills and cricket batting to illustrate why practice should reflect competitive conditions. It supports the merit of representative designs, but does not establish that an extensive body of research has demonstrated transfer of skills from practice to competition; it presents representative learning design as a proposed framework. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe constraints-led approach, as an ecological model, advocates that open systems are of non-linear nature and involve a mutual relationship with the performance environment.
“In brief, the CLA, as an ecological model, advocates the underlying principle that open systems (e.g., athletes within invasion games or team ball games) are of non-linear nature and involve a mutual relationship with the performance environment (Pinder et al., 2011; Renshaw et al., 2016).”
From Skill Training Periodization in “Specialist” Sports Coaching—An Introduction of the “PoST” Framework for Skill Development (2019) · cites this paper as Pinder et al., 2011
Representative training designs recreate action fidelity and functionality.
“(3) developing training designs that recreate action fidelity (i.e., the degree of correspondence between emerging behavior in a training task compared to competitive performance; Travassos et al., 2012) and functionality (i.e., the achievement of goals in the performance environment that are based on actions and constraints that athletes have been exposed to in the learning context; Pinder et al.”
From Skill Training Periodization in “Specialist” Sports Coaching—An Introduction of the “PoST” Framework for Skill Development (2019) · cites this paper as Pinder et al., 2011
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception: Classic Edition
Gibson, J. J. (2014) · doi:10.4324/9781315740218 · Cited by 12,132 · see citing works
Milner, A. D., & Goodale, M. A. (2008) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.10.005 · Cited by 1,514 · see citing works
The ecological dynamics of decision making in sport
Araújo, D., Davids, K., & Hristovski, R. (2006) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.07.002 · Cited by 937 · see citing works
Self-citationSelf-organization of cognitive performance.
Van Orden, G. C., Holden, J. G., & Turvey, M. T. (2003) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.132.3.331 · Cited by 718 · see citing works
The External Validity of Experiments
Bracht, G. H., & Glass, G. V. (1968) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/00028312005004437 · Cited by 602 · see citing works
What Is Ecological Validity? A Dimensional Analysis
Schmuckler, M. A. (2001) · Infancy · doi:10.1207/s15327078in0204_02 · Cited by 561 · see citing works
The influence of crowd noise and experience upon refereeing decisions in football
Nevill, A. M., Balmer, N. J., & Williams, A. M. (2002) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/s1469-0292(01)00033-4 · Cited by 537 · see citing works
(2009) · International journal of sport psychology · Cited by 488 · see citing works
The Role of Representative Design in an Ecological Approach to Cognition.
Dhami, M. K., Hertwig, R., & Hoffrage, U. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.6.959 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
An external focus of attention enhances golf shot accuracy in beginners and experts
Wulf, G., & Su, J. (2007) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2007.10599436 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Theory-Testing, Generalization, and the Problem of External Validity
Lucas, J. W. (2003) · Sociological Theory · doi:10.1111/1467-9558.00187 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Dicks, M., Button, C., & Davids, K. (2010) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/app.72.3.706 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Self-citationAraújo, D., Davids, K., & Passos, P. (2007) · Ecological Psychology · doi:10.1080/10407410709336951 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Self-citationThe essential brunswik: Beginnings, explications, applications.
Brunswik, E., Hammond, K. R., & Stewart, T. R. (2001) · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Reliability and validity of two tests of soccer skill
Ali, A., Williams, C., Hulse, M. A., Strudwick, A. J., Reddin, J., Howarth, L., Eldred, J., Hirst, M., & McGregor, S. (2007) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410601150470 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
The Use of Anticipatory Visual Cues by Highly Skilled Tennis Players
Shim, J., Carlton, L. G., Chow, J. W., & Chae, W.-S. (2005) · Journal of Motor Behavior · doi:10.3200/jmbr.37.2.164-175 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Ripoll, H., Kerlirzin, Y., Stein, J.-F., & Reine, B. (1995) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/0167-9457(95)00019-o · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Perceptual decision making in less than 30 milliseconds
Stanford, T. R., Shankar, S., Massoglia, D. P., Costello, M. G., & Salinas, E. (2010) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2485 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
The effects of non-specific and specific concepts on tactical creativity in team ball sports
Memmert, D., & Roth, K. (2007) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410601129755 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Coordination variability and skill development in expert triple jumpers
Wilson, C., Simpson, S., van Emmerik, R. E. A., & Hamill, J. (2008) · Sports Biomechanics · doi:10.1080/14763140701682983 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Davids, K., Button, C., Araújo, D., Renshaw, I., & Hristovski, R. (2006) · Adaptive Behavior · doi:10.1177/105971230601400103 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Self-citationAraújo, D., & Davids, K. (2009) · QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Self-citationOn the Nature and Evaluation of Fidelity in Virtual Environments
Stoffregen, T. A., Pagulayan, R. J., Smart, L., & Bardy, B. G. (2003) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781410608888.ch6 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Development of dribbling in talented youth soccer players aged 12–19 years: A longitudinal study
Huijgen, B. C. H., Elferink-Gemser, M. T., Post, W. J., & Visscher, C. (2010) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640411003645679 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Perception-Action Coupling and Anticipatory Performance in Baseball Batting
Ranganathan, R., & Carlton, L. G. (2007) · Journal of Motor Behavior · doi:10.3200/jmbr.39.5.369-380 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Attentional Focus Effects in Balance Acrobats
Wulf, G. (2008) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2008.10599495 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Rogers, M. E., Bohlken, R. M., Beets, M. W., Hammer, S. B., Ziegenfuss, T. N., & Sarabon, N. (2006) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 129 · see citing works
(2009) · NIE Digital Repository (National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University) · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citation(1999) · Journal of Consciousness Studies · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Chow, J. Y., Davids, K., Button, C., Shuttleworth, R., Renshaw, I., & Araújo, D. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationPinder, R. A., Renshaw, I., & Davids, K. (2009) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/j.humov.2009.02.003 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationOn the Apparent Paradox of Learning and Realism
Jacobs, D. M., & Michaels, C. F. (2002) · Ecological Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15326969eco1403_2 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Visual attention in orienteers at different levels of experience
Eccles, D. W., Walsh, S. E., & Ingledew, D. K. (2005) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410400022110 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
The neglect of the environment by cognitive psychology.
Dunwoody, P. T. (2006) · Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0091271 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Beek, P. J., Jacobs, D., Daffertshofer, A., & Huys, R. (2003) · Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Jobson, S., Nevill, A. M., George, S. R., Jeukendrup, A. E., & Passfield, L. (2008) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410802183585 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Dicks, M., Davids, K., & Araújo, D. (2008) · QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationTowards an ecological approach to visual anticipation for expert performance in sport
Araújo, D., & Kirlik, A. (2008) · International journal of sport psychology · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationA constraints-led approach to talent development in cricket
Renshaw, I., & Chappell, G. (2010) · QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationDavids, K. (2008) · QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationWhat Do the Theories of Egon Brunswik Have to Say to Medical Education?
Wigton, R. S. (2006) · Advances in Health Sciences Education · doi:10.1007/s10459-006-9023-5 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Brunswikian Resources for Event-Perception Research
Kirlik, A. (2009) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p6075 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Abouzekri, O. A., & Karageorghis, C. I. (2010) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461390903377134 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Quick thinking: perceiving in a tenth of a blink of an eye
Drugowitsch, J., & Pouget, A. (2010) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn0310-279 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The role of nonlinear pedagogy in physical education
Chow, J. Y., Davids, K., Button, C., Shuttleworth, R., Renshaw, I., & Araújo, D. (2007) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/003465430305615 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 48 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- [9]9. Brunswik, E. (1956). Perception and the representative design of psychological experiments (2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press.
- [24]24. Hammond, K.R., & Stewart, T.R. (Eds.). (2001). The Essential Brunswik: Beginnings, Explications, Applications. New York: Oxford University Press.
- [25]25. Hristovski, R., Davids, K., Araújo, D., & Button, C. (2006). How boxers decide to punch a target: Emergent behaviour in nonlinear dynamical movement systems. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 5 (CSSI), 60-73.
- [29]29. Jobson, S.A., Nevill, A.M., Palmer, G.S., Jeukendrup, A.E., Doherty, M., & Atkinson, G. (2007). The ecological validity of laboratory cycling: Does body size explain the dif- ference between laboratory-and field-based cycling performance? Journal of Sports Sciences, 25, 3-9.
- [34]34. Milner, A.D., & Goodale, M.A. (1995). The visual brain in action. Oxford: Oxford Uni- versity Press.
- [44]44. Rogers, W.A. (2008). Editorial. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied, 14, 1-4.
- [50]50. Van der Kamp, J., Rivas, F., van Doorn, H., & Savelsbergh, G. (2008). Ventral and dorsal contributions in visual anticipation in fast ball sports. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 39, 100-130.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
How small-sided and conditioned games enhance acquisition of movement and decision-making skills
Davids, K., Araújo, D., Correia, V., & Vilar, L. (2013) · Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1097/jes.0b013e318292f3ec · Cited by 480 · see citing works
“A starting point in our research program has been to identify key constraints on emergence of movement behaviors and decisions of individuals in team games performance, so that they can be simulated in SSCG, providing training programs with representative design (30).”
Self-citationTalent identification in sport: a systematic review
Johnston, K., Wattie, N., Schorer, J., & Baker, J. (2018) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-017-0803-2 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
“rather than treated as separate entities [69, 70].”
Mujika, I., Halson, S., Burke, L. M., Balagué, G., & Farrow, D. (2018) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2018-0093 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Key Properties of Expert Movement Systems in Sport: An Ecological Dynamics Perspective
Seifert, L., Button, C., & Davids, K. (2013) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-012-0011-z · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Self-citationNonlinear learning underpinning pedagogy: Evidence, challenges, and implications
Chow, J. Y. (2013) · Quest · doi:10.1080/00336297.2013.807746 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Performance analysis in team sports: Advances from an Ecological Dynamics approach
Travassos, B. F. R., Davids, K., Araújo, D., & Esteves, P. (2013) · International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport · doi:10.1080/24748668.2013.11868633 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Self-citationA constraint-led approach to sport and physical education pedagogy
Renshaw, I., & Chow, J.-Y. (2019) · Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/17408989.2018.1552676 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
“Representative learning design was a concept that was developed to focus on ensuring that practice and training task constraints are representative of a particular sport performance context (Chow et al. 2011; Pinder et al. 2011).”
BackgroundSelf-citationBroadbent, D. P., Causer, J., Williams, A. M., & Ford, P. R. (2015) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2014.957727 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
“…over the use of representative tasks for training, particularly in regard to the ecological validity of this approach, or how closely the actions in the training environment replicate those in the performance environment (Pinder et al., 2011a; Van der Kamp, Rivas, Van Doorn, & Savelsbergh, 2008).”
BackgroundDavids, K., Araújo, D., Vilar, L., Renshaw, I., & Pinder, R. A. (2013) · QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Self-citationExploring Game Performance in the National Basketball Association Using Player Tracking Data
Sampaio, J. E., McGarry, T., Calleja-González, J., Sáiz, S. L. J., Schelling, X., & Balčiūnas, M. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0132894 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
“This information can be useful when used in planning representative tasks in practice sessions, thereby fine-tuning playing behaviors in competition by using representative tasks in training [23, 24].”
MethodSegundo‐Ortin, M., & Raja, V. (2024) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009451413 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Williams, A. M., & Jackson, R. C. (2018) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.11.014 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Mental Fatigue and Sport-Specific Psychomotor Performance: A Systematic Review
Habay, J., Cutsem, J. V., Verschueren, J., Bock, S. D., Proost, M., Wachter, J. D., Tassignon, B., MEEUSEN, R. R., & Roelands, B. (2021) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01429-6 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Modified perceptual training in sport: A new classification framework
Hadlow, S. M., Panchuk, D., Mann, D. L., Portus, M., & Abernethy, B. (2018) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2018.01.011 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Travassos, B. F. R., Araújo, D., Davids, K., O’Hara, K., Leitão, J. C., & Cortinhas, A. (2012) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.11.002 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
“The challenge for sport scientists is to design empirical task constraints which accurately sample the information and actions required for performance in specific performance contexts (for implications in sport psychology see Pinder et al., 2011).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationRudd, J. R., Pesce, C., Strafford, B. W., & Davids, K. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01904 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Self-citationWhy the constraints-led approach is not teaching games for understanding: a clarification
Renshaw, I., Araújo, D., Button, C., Chow, J. Y., Davids, K., & Moy, B. (2016) · Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/17408989.2015.1095870 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
“Learning tasks will, therefore, be based on the common ideas of representation (TGfU), or in CLA terms, representative learning design (see Pinder et al. 2011).”
BackgroundSelf-citationWoods, C. T., McKeown, I., Rothwell, M., Araújo, D., Robertson, S. J., & Davids, K. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00654 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
“The central tenet of the ecosystem, however, was predication on the notion of representative learning design (Pinder et al., 2011a).”
BackgroundSelf-citationGonçalves, B. V., Marcelino, R., Torres-Ronda, L., Torrents, C., & Sampaio, J. E. (2016) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2016.1143111 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Gonçalves, B. V., Esteves, P., Folgado, H., Ric, Á., Torrents, C., & Sampaio, J. E. (2016) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001700 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Methodological Issues in Soccer Talent Identification Research
Bergkamp, T. L. G., Niessen, A. S. M., Hartigh, R. J. R. D., Frencken, W. G. P., & Meijer, R. R. (2019) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-019-01113-w · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Assessing Technical Skills in Talented Youth Athletes: A Systematic Review
Koopmann, T., Faber, I. R., Baker, J. R., & Schorer, J. (2020) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-020-01299-4 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
“Our results showed the studies focused on ‘outcome-related’ method types and ‘experimental’ method set-ups, highlighting the outcome-focus and limited ecological validity and task representativeness of common assessment methods [25, 99].”
ResultNoury, P. L., Polman, R. C. J., Maloney, M. A., & Gorman, A. D. (2022) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-022-01669-0 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
“To guide practitioners and researchers in the development and assessment of training tasks, RLD argues that the concepts of functionality and action fidelity are essential for optimising transfer [9].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe dynamics of expertise acquisition in sport: The role of affective learning design
Headrick, J., Renshaw, I., Davids, K., Pinder, R. A., & Araújo, D. (2014) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.08.006 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
“This is so because the inclusion of situation-specific information simulates the demands of a competitive performance environment (Pinder, et al., 2011b; Pinder, et al., in press).”
InfluentialSelf-citationTravassos, B., Duarte, R., Vilar, L., Davids, K., & Araújo, D. (2012) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2012.712716 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
“Thus, it has been argued that representative practice tasks should be designed to ensure generalisation of skill acquisition and performance enhancement in sport (Araújo, Davids, & Passos, 2007; Dicks, Davids, & Araujo, 2008; Pinder et al., 2011).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMoy, B., Renshaw, I., & Davids, K. (2015) · Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/17408989.2015.1072506 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
“…of representative practice design (practice environments contain the key information sources that are present in a performance environment; see Pinder et al. 2011), allied with task simplification (preserving the coupling of actions to key information sources but simplifying the task; see…”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationTraining or Synergizing? Complex Systems Principles Change the Understanding of Sport Processes
Pol, R., Balagué, N., Ric, Á., Torrents, C., Kiely, J., & Hristovski, R. (2020) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-020-00256-9 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
“acy [60, 61], synergies [62], and synchronization [43, 63], developed through challenging and varied environments,”
BackgroundRaab, M. (2012) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2012.654810 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Proximity-to-goal as a constraint on patterns of behaviour in attacker–defender dyads in team games
Headrick, J., Davids, K., Renshaw, I., Araújo, D., Passos, P., & Fernandes, O. (2011) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2011.640706 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationRenshaw, I., Davids, K., Araújo, D., Lucas, A., Roberts, W., Newcombe, D. J., & Franks, B. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02468 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citationSelection procedures in sports: Improving predictions of athletes’ future performance
Hartigh, R. J. R. D., Niessen, A. S. M., Frencken, W. G. P., & Meijer, R. R. (2018) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2018.1480662 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
“Accordingly, the second ingredient is that the dynamic athlete–environment relations remain intact in the selection situations (cf. Pinder et al., 2011).”
BackgroundAn extended challenge-based framework for practice design in sports coaching
Hodges, N. J., & Lohse, K. R. (2022) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2021.2015917 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
“Specificity of practice to the competition environment has also been referred to in other literature as “representative design” (e.g., Davids et al., 2013; Pinder et al., 2011).”
Development of a skill acquisition periodisation framework for high-performance sport
Farrow, D., & Robertson, S. (2017) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0646-2 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
“[29] refers to can be typically allocated 161 into one of three categories; individual, environmental and task [32].”
BackgroundThe influence of pitch dimensions on performance during small-sided and conditioned soccer games
Vilar, L., Duarte, R., Silva, P., Chow, J. Y., & Davids, K. (2014) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2014.918640 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citationDavids, K., Araújo, D., Seifert, L., & Orth, D. (2015) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315776675-12 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citationManipulating informational constraints shapes movement reorganization in interceptive actions
Pinder, R. A., Davids, K., Renshaw, I., & Araújo, D. (2011) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-011-0102-1 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationJordet, G., Aksum, K. M., Pedersen, D. N., Walvekar, A., Trivedi, A., McCall, A., Ivarsson, A., & Priestley, D. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.553813 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Wood, G., Wright, D. J., Harris, D., Pal, A., Franklin, Z. C., & Vine, S. J. (2020) · Virtual Reality · doi:10.1007/s10055-020-00441-x · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Woods, C. T., McKeown, I., O’Sullivan, M., Robertson, S. J., & Davids, K. (2020) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-020-00268-5 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citationPráxedes, A., Domínguez, A. M., Arias, A. G., Rabaz, F. C., & Álvarez, F. D. V. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190157 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Thompson, C., Fransen, J., Skorski, S., Smith, M. R., Meyer, T., Barrett, S., & Coutts, A. J. (2018) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-018-1016-z · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“Tasks aimed at inducing mental fatigue should ideally include perception–action couplings representative of perceptual and information processing demands experienced during game play [16, 17].”
Combat as an Interpersonal Synergy: An Ecological Dynamics Approach to Combat Sports
Krabben, K. J., Orth, D., & van der Kamp, J. (2019) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-019-01173-y · Cited by 93 · see citing works
An above real time training intervention for sport decision making
Lorains, M., Ball, K. A., & MacMahon, C. (2013) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2013.05.005 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
A Proposed Framework to Describe Movement Variability within Sporting Tasks: A Scoping Review
Cowin, J., Nimphius, S., Fell, J. W., Culhane, P., & Schmidt, M. W. (2022) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-022-00473-4 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Otte, F. W., Millar, S.-K., & Klatt, S. (2019) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2019.00061 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“, athletes within invasion games or team ball games) are of non-linear nature and involve a mutual relationship with the performance environment (Pinder et al., 2011; Renshaw et al., 2016).”
BackgroundTraining programme designs in professional team sport: An ecological dynamics exemplar
Woods, C. T., McKeown, I., Shuttleworth, R., Davids, K., & Robertson, S. J. (2019) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/j.humov.2019.05.015 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“165 While, theoretically, principles of RLD are compelling and readily understandable, a challenge for 166 sports practitioners is to consider how training activities can be designed to be representative of 167 competitive performance environments.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationVarying Numbers of Players in Small-Sided Soccer Games Modifies Action Opportunities during Training
Vilar, L., Esteves, P., Travassos, B. F. R., Passos, P., Lago‐Peñas, C., & Davids, K. (2014) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1260/1747-9541.9.5.1007 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citationBarris, S., Farrow, D., & Davids, K. (2014) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2013.872220 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationResilience in sports from a dynamical perspective.
Hill, Y., Hartigh, R. J. R. D., Meijer, R. R., de Jonge, P., & Yperen, N. W. V. (2018) · Sport Exercise and Performance Psychology · doi:10.1037/spy0000118 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Game-Based Approaches’ Pedagogical Principles: Exploring Task Constraints in Youth Soccer
Serra-Olivares, J., González‐Víllora, S., López, L. M. G., & Araújo, D. (2015) · Journal of Human Kinetics · doi:10.1515/hukin-2015-0053 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“Consequently, it seems essential to research the pedagogical principles of GBAs in order to understand the development of individualenvironment relations through a representative tasks design in sports (Chow and Tan, 2009; Pinder et al., 2011; Renshaw et al., 2007; Tan et al., 2013).”
InfluentialSelf-citationPráxedes, A., Álvarez, F. D. V., Domínguez, A. M., Arias, A. G., & Davids, K. (2019) · Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/17408989.2019.1580689 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“The findings imply the need to design dynamic training task simulations that capture the inherent variability of the competitive performance environment, leading players to use information that is specific (Pinder et al. 2011).”
BackgroundSelf-citationEmbodied Cognition With and Without Mental Representations: The Case of Embodied Choices in Sports
Raab, M., & Araújo, D. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01825 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationDecision-making practice during coaching sessions in elite youth football across European countries
Roca, A., & Ford, P. R. (2020) · Science and Medicine in Football · doi:10.1080/24733938.2020.1755051 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Skill transfer, expertise and talent development: An ecological dynamics perspective
Seifert, L., Papet, V., Strafford, B. W., Coughlan, E. K., & Davids, K. (2018) · Movement & Sport Sciences - Science & Motricité · doi:10.1051/sm/2019010 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationEffective practice and instruction: A skill acquisition framework for excellence
Williams, A. M., & Hodges, N. J. (2023) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2023.2240630 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
“Some researchers have used video-based, time-use analysis to measure what activities coaches are asking players to engage in during practice (see Ford et al., 2010; Pinder et al., 2011).”
BackgroundCorreia, V., Araújo, D., Cummins, A., & Craig, C. (2012) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.34.3.305 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationTowards a contemporary player learning in development framework for sports practitioners
Sullivan, M. O., Woods, C. T., Vaughan, J., & Davids, K. (2021) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1177/17479541211002335 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“This explicit co-designing of task constraints may also take place through actively 239 involving the performers in decisions on the design of further adaptations of the learning task 240 (for a detailed insight to principles of representative learning design, refer to [42]).”
BackgroundSelf-citationEffectiveness of 360° virtual reality and match broadcast video to improve decision-making skill
Kittel, A. B., Larkin, P., Elsworthy, N., Lindsay, R. S., & Spittle, M. (2020) · Science and Medicine in Football · doi:10.1080/24733938.2020.1754449 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Persistence of threat-induced errors in police officers' shooting decisions
Nieuwenhuys, A., Savelsbergh, G. J. P., & Oudejans, R. R. D. (2015) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2014.12.006 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Is sports science answering the call for interdisciplinary research? A systematic review
Piggott, B., Müller, S., Chivers, P., Papaluca, C., & Hoyne, G. F. (2018) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2018.1508506 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Woods, C. T., Rothwell, M., Rudd, J. R., Robertson, S. J., & Davids, K. (2020) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101804 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationGreenwood, D., Davids, K., & Renshaw, I. (2013) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2013.824599 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“These manipulations have interesting theoretical implications as well as practical applications to the representative design of learning and training programmes (Pinder et al., 2011).”
BackgroundSelf-citationLearning to coach: An ecological dynamics perspective
Wood, M. A., Mellalieu, S. D., Araújo, D., Woods, C. T., & Davids, K. (2022) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1177/17479541221138680 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“Ecological dynamics defines representative learning activities as those that faithfully simulate the information and contexts encountered in a specific environment.(58,59) To support selfregulation of learning, coaches must be exposed to a variety of representative coaching tasks, predicated on differences in quality…”
BackgroundSelf-citationRenshaw, I., Davids, K., O’Sullivan, M., Maloney, M. A., Crowther, R. H., & McCosker, C. (2022) · Asian Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ajsep.2022.04.003 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“Hence, rather than the internal ‘acquisition’ of a movement technique or skill internalised in the brain of the individual, an ecological dynamics approach frames skill as ‘skill adaptabil-ity’ or ‘skill attunement ” to the environment ( Araújo & Davids, 2011 ).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMoy, B., Renshaw, I., & Davids, K. (2013) · Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/17408989.2013.780591 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“…the emergent, self-organising nature of learning by empowering learners to individually and actively explore, and solve game problems and make decisions in representative practice environments without prescriptive instruction (Davids, Button, and Bennett 2008; Chow et al. 2009; Pinder et al. 2011).”
BackgroundSelf-citationNonlinear Pedagogy Underpins Intrinsic Motivation in Sports Coaching
Renshaw, I. (2012) · The Open Sports Sciences Journal · doi:10.2174/1875399x01205010088 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“This key theoretical principle highlights the importance of making practice design representative of the 'real' performance (see [35] for a detailed discussion of representative learning design).”
BackgroundSelf-citationRunswick, O. R., Roca, A., WILLIAMS, A. M., Bezodis, N. E., & North, J. S. (2017) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-017-0856-8 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Otte, F. W., Millar, S., & Klatt, S. (2019) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2019.1643202 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“Subsequently, the theory of representative training designs – first introduced by Brunswik in 1956 (in Pinder et al., 2011) – may prove to be an effective method that is closely related to previously introduced “modern” training approaches.”
MethodNoury, P. L., Buszard, T., Reid, M. M., & Farrow, D. (2020) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1823618 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“decision making should be based on comparable information found in the real-world; and (3) athletes need to able to interact with the environment using actions that closely represent competition (Gray, 2019; Pinder et al., 2011).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialKörner, S., & Staller, M. S. (2017) · Security Journal · doi:10.1057/s41284-017-0122-1 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
360° Virtual Reality: A SWOT Analysis in Comparison to Virtual Reality
Kittel, A. B., Larkin, P., Cunningham, I., & Spittle, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.563474 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“Behavioral correspondence is another important consideration for representative tasks (Pinder et al., 2011; Hadlow et al., 2018).”
BackgroundAksum, K. M., Magnaguagno, L., Bjørndal, C. T., & Jordet, G. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.562995 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Effect of Analogy Instructions with an Internal Focus on Learning a Complex Motor Skill
Komar, J., Chow, J.-Y., Chollet, D., & Seifert, L. (2013) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200.2013.771386 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Representative design: Does the addition of a defender change the execution of a basketball shot?
Gorman, A. D., & Maloney, M. A. (2016) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2016.08.003 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Enhancing learning in the context of Street football: a case for Nonlinear Pedagogy
Machado, J. C., Barreira, D., Galatti, L. R., Chow, J. Y., Garganta, J., & Scaglia, A. J. (2018) · Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/17408989.2018.1552674 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“sources of information available in the game context (Pinder et al. 2011; Renshaw et al. 2009, 2010).”
BackgroundInfluentialCognition, Emotion and Action in Sport
Araújo, D., Davids, K., & Renshaw, I. (2020) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119568124.ch25 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationUsing segmentation to support the learning from animated soccer scenes: An effect of prior knowledge
Khacharem, A., Spanjers, I. A. E., Zoudji, B., Kalyuga, S., & Ripoll, H. (2012) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.10.006 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Tactical expertise assessment in youth football using representative tasks
Serra-Olivares, J., Clemente, F. M., & González‐Víllora, S. (2016) · SpringerPlus · doi:10.1186/s40064-016-2955-1 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Hope, L. (2016) · Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.jarmac.2016.07.008 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Krause, L., Farrow, D., Reid, M., Buszard, T., & Pinder, R. (2018) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2017.1374684 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“Resultantly, this increased the experts combined mode scores on questions related to within and between variability (Q3A = 4, Q3B = 4) and decision-making (Q7A = 4, Q7B = 4), which generally corresponds to a task being higher in RLD (Baker & Farrow, 2015; Davids et al., 2012; Pinder et al., 2011).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationMaloney, M. A., Renshaw, I., Headrick, J., Martin, D. T., & Farrow, D. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00025 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationMcGuckian, T. B., Cole, M. H., Chalkley, D., Jordet, G., & Pepping, G. (2018) · Ecological Psychology · doi:10.1080/10407413.2018.1495548 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“These modifications would likely better simulate the decision-making and time constraints experienced in match play (Araujo et al., 2006; Carling, 2011; Torrents et al., 2016).”
BackgroundPerceptions of Effective Training Practices in League of Legends: A Qualitative Exploration
Abbott, C., Watson, M., & Birch, P. D. J. (2022) · Journal of Electronic Gaming and Esports · doi:10.1123/jege.2022-0011 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
How Does the Adjustment of Training Task Difficulty Level Influence Tactical Behavior in Soccer?
Machado, J. C., Barreira, D., Teoldo, I., Travassos, B. F. R., Júnior, J. B., dos Santos, J. O. L., & Scaglia, A. J. (2019) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2019.1612511 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Uehara, L., Button, C., Falcous, M., & Davids, K. (2014) · Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/17408989.2014.924495 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“Such a negotiation is what Saukko (2005) calls dialogic validity.”
Self-citationThe influence of floaters on players’ tactical behaviour in small-sided and conditioned soccer games
Padilha, M. B., Guilherme, J., Serra-Olivares, J., Roca, A., & Teoldo, I. (2017) · International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport · doi:10.1080/24748668.2017.1390723 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Important performance characteristics in elite clay and grass court tennis match-play
Fitzpatrick, A., Stone, J. A., Choppin, S. B., & Kelley, J. F. (2019) · International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport · doi:10.1080/24748668.2019.1685804 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Improving Passing Actions in Team Sports by Developing Interpersonal Interactions between Players
Travassos, B. F. R., Araújo, D., Davids, K., Esteves, P., & Fernandes, O. (2012) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1260/1747-9541.7.4.677 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationLearning design for Nonlinear Dynamical Movement Systems
Davids, K. (2012) · The Open Sports Sciences Journal · doi:10.2174/1875399x01205010009 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“…data in sport science studies has the potential to mask individual, intrinsic dynamics which are especially important in the acquisition of skill [29], and whilst this type of analysis may have a place in scientific research, the role of individuality needs to be understood and given the…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationSkill-related performance in soccer: a systematic review
Aquino, R., Puggina, E. F., Alves, I. D. S., & Garganta, J. (2017) · Human Movement · doi:10.1515/humo-2017-0042 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Advancing police use of force research and practice: urgent issues and prospects
Bennell, C., Alpert, G. P., Andersen, J. P., Arpaia, J., Huhta, J., Kahn, K. B., Khanizadeh, A., McCarthy, M., McLean, K. D., Mitchell, R. J., et al. (2021) · Legal and Criminological Psychology · doi:10.1111/lcrp.12191 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“…(3) developing programmes that introduce training under high-stress after the basic motor skill is firmly established and that providethe opportunity for sufficient exposure to allow acclimatizing of the existing skill to the targeted conditions (Oudejans & Nieuwenhuys, 2009; Pinder et al., 2011).”
BackgroundA Longitudinal Analysis of the Executive Functions in High-Level Soccer Players
Beavan, A., Chin, V., RYAN, L. M., Spielmann, J., Mayer, J., Skorski, S., Meyer, T., & Fransen, J. (2020) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.2019-0312 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Tassignon, B., Verschueren, J., Baeyens, J., Benjaminse, A., Gokeler, A., Serrien, B., & Clijsen, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.533033 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“…and are in line with representative learning design directives to ensure functionality and action fidelity in training and learning environments (Pinder et al., 2011); (3) studies had to describe the effects on one or more measures of performance in a movement task; (4) the study report had to…”
BackgroundSeifert, L., & Davids, K. (2016) · Springer proceedings in complexity · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45901-1_3 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Loughborough Soccer Passing Test has impractical criterion validity in elite youth football
Serpiello, F. R., Cox, A., Oppici, L., Hopkins, W. G., & Varley, M. C. (2016) · Science and Medicine in Football · doi:10.1080/02640414.2016.1254810 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“The optimal environment to assess skilled performance is the game itself (Pinder et al. 2011); however, this is not always”
BackgroundMcGuckian, T. B., Cole, M. H., Chalkley, D., Jordet, G., & Pepping, G. (2020) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1723375 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Körner, S., & Staller, M. S. (2020) · Policing A Journal of Policy and Practice · doi:10.1093/police/paaa080 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Decision-making training in sporting officials: Past, present and future
Kittel, A. B., Cunningham, I., Larkin, P., Hawkey, M., & Rix‐Lièvre, G. (2021) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.102003 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Baptista, J., Travassos, B. F. R., Gonçalves, B. V., Mourão, P. R., Viana, J. L., & Sampaio, J. E. (2018) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000002445 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“To improve teams’ performance, coaches need not only to understand the effect of such game constraints on teams’ performance but also the effect of manipulating practice tasks to potentiate the transfer from training to competition (14,25).”
BackgroundFutsal task constraints promote transfer of passing skill to soccer task constraints
Oppici, L., Panchuk, D., Serpiello, F. R., & Farrow, D. (2018) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2018.1467490 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
- Authors
- Pinder, R. A., Davids, K., Renshaw, I., & Araújo, D.
- Affiliations
- Queensland University of Technology (AU)
- Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (PT)
- Venue
- Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 2011-02
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 146-155
- ISSN
- 0895-2779 (ISSN-L)
- 1543-2904
- OpenAlex
- W1608609560
- Semantic Scholar
- 04714871c81fe4d9d1649885ab140c448d7d7a66
- Cited by
- 692
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 96 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 37.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- SHURA (Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive) (Sheffield Hallam University) (submittedVersion)
- USC Research Bank (University of the Sunshine Coast) (submittedVersion)
- Faculty of Health; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Sports and Physical Education Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Physical Education and Pedagogy
- Keywords
- representative design, Brunswik, ecological validity, constraints-led approach, motor learning, nonlinear pedagogy, experimental design, training environment, sport psychology
- MeSH terms
- Ecology, Humans, Learning, Physical Education and Training, Research Design, Sports, Behavioral Research
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
