From salience to saccades: multiple-alternative gated stochastic accumulator model of visual search
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We describe a stochastic accumulator model demonstrating that visual search performance can be understood as a gated feedforward cascade from a salience map to multiple competing accumulators. The model quantitatively accounts for behavior and predicts neural dynamics of macaque monkeys performing visual search for a target stimulus among different numbers of distractors. The salience accumulated in the model is equated with the spike trains recorded from visually responsive neurons in the frontal eye field. Accumulated variability in the firing rates of these neurons explains choice probabilities and the distributions of correct and error response times with search arrays of different set sizes if the accumulators are mutually inhibitory. The dynamics of the stochastic accumulators quantitatively predict the activity of presaccadic movement neurons that initiate eye movements if gating inhibition prevents accumulation before the representation of stimulus salience emerges. Adjustments in the level of gating inhibition can control trade-offs in speed and accuracy that optimize visual search performance.
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Recent models of sensorimotor transformation for eye movement control propose a process of gated accumulation, whereby accumulation in saccade movement cells is insulated from visual selection until an eye movement becomes appropriate.
“Recent models synthesizing these findings have proposed a process of gated accumulation, whereby the accumulation of information in saccade movement cells is insulated from visual selection unless (or until) an eye movement becomes appropriate (Lo and Wang, 2006; Purcell et al., 2012; Schall et al., 2011).”
From Attention, learning, and the value of information (2012) · cites this paper as Purcell et al., 2012
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“…models synthesizing these findings have proposed a process of gated accumulation, whereby the accumulation of information in saccade movement cells is insulated from visual selection unless (or until) an eye movement becomes appropriate (Lo and Wang, 2006; Purcell et al., 2012; Schall et al., 2011).”
Background
- Authors
- Purcell, B. A., Schall, J. D., Logan, G. D., & Palmeri, T. J.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Palmeri, Thomas J.
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2012-03-07
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 3433-3446
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC3340913
- OpenAlex
- W2103146963
- Cited by
- 179
- References
- 108
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 10.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0957074, 0542013)
- Vanderbilt University (P30EY008126)
- National Institutes of Health (SBE-0542013, 5r01ey021833-11, EY07135, HD015052, EY008126)
- National Eye Institute (RO1-EY08890, R01-EY021833, T32EY07135, NEI RO1-EY08890, NEI R01-EY21833, R01EY008890, EY-008126, NEI P30-EY008126, T32EY007135, P30EY008126)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P30HD015052)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- visual search, salience, saccades, frontal eye field, choice probabilities, reaction time variability, speed-accuracy trade-off, distractor number, macaque, neural dynamics
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Macaca radiata, Male, Photic Stimulation, Reaction Time, Saccades, Stochastic Processes, Visual Perception, Sensory Gating
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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