Axin2 as regulatory and therapeutic target in newborn brain injury and remyelination
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Permanent damage to white matter tracts, comprising axons and myelinating oligodendrocytes, is an important component of brain injuries of the newborn that cause cerebral palsy and cognitive disabilities, as well as multiple sclerosis in adults. However, regulatory factors relevant in human developmental myelin disorders and in myelin regeneration are unclear. We found that AXIN2 was expressed in immature oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OLPs) in white matter lesions of human newborns with neonatal hypoxic-ischemic and gliotic brain damage, as well as in active multiple sclerosis lesions in adults. Axin2 is a target of Wnt transcriptional activation that negatively feeds back on the pathway, promoting β-catenin degradation. We found that Axin2 function was essential for normal kinetics of remyelination. The small molecule inhibitor XAV939, which targets the enzymatic activity of tankyrase, acted to stabilize Axin2 levels in OLPs from brain and spinal cord and accelerated their differentiation and myelination after hypoxic and demyelinating injury. Together, these findings indicate that Axin2 is an essential regulator of remyelination and that it might serve as a pharmacological checkpoint in this process.
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M2 depletion decreased the number of nodes of Ranvier, shown by reduced paranodal Caspr localization flanking nodal Ankyrin-G.
“Second, we demonstrated a decrease in the number of nodes of Ranvier normally indicative of compact myelin27, 28 by showing reduced paranodal Caspr localization (flanking nodal Ankyrin-G) (Fig. 5g, h).”
From M2 microglia and macrophages drive oligodendrocyte differentiation during CNS remyelination (2013) · cites this paper as [27]
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- Authors
- Fancy, S. P. J., Harrington, E. P., Yuen, T. J., Silbereis, J. C., Zhao, C., Baranzini, S. E., Bruce, C. C., Otero, J. J., Huang, E. J., Nusse, R., Franklin, R. J. M., & Rowitch, D. H.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rowitch, David H
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2011-06-26
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1009-1016
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- PMC
- PMC3145042
- OpenAlex
- W2149924247
- Cited by
- 349
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 10.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Parkinson's UK (G0909)
- University of California, San Francisco
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS047572, P01NS047572, NS040511, R01NS040511)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Neonatal and fetal brain pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Keywords
- Axin2, remyelination, neonatal hypoxic-ischemic injury, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, tankyrase inhibition, XAV939, Wnt signaling, β-catenin degradation, myelination, multiple sclerosis, white matter lesions, oligodendrocyte differentiation, therapeutic target
- MeSH terms
- Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2, Adult, Animals, Animals, Newborn, beta-Galactosidase, Brain Injuries, Cell Differentiation, Cells, Cultured, Cerebellum, Cerebral Cortex, Corpus Callosum, Cytoskeletal Proteins, Demyelinating Diseases, Disease Models, Animal, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Lysophosphatidylcholines, Male, Mice, Transgenic, Multiple Sclerosis, Myelin Proteins, Myelin Sheath, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Neurons, Oligodendroglia, Organ Culture Techniques, Postmortem Changes, Spinal Cord, Stem Cells, Ki-67 Antigen, Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Wnt Proteins, beta Catenin, Mice, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins, Axin Protein
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