Cited by 625Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanismsMultiple Sclerosis Research StudiesNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

Oligodendrocytes in development, myelin generation and beyond

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Kuhn, Sarah, Gritti, Laura, Crooks, Daniel, Dombrowski, Yvonne·2019·Cells

Abstract

Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS) that are generated from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC). OPC are distributed throughout the CNS and represent a pool of migratory and proliferative adult progenitor cells that can differentiate into oligodendrocytes. The central function of oligodendrocytes is to generate myelin, which is an extended membrane from the cell that wraps tightly around axons. Due to this energy consuming process and the associated high metabolic turnover oligodendrocytes are vulnerable to cytotoxic and excitotoxic factors. Oligodendrocyte pathology is therefore evident in a range of disorders including multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. Deceased oligodendrocytes can be replenished from the adult OPC pool and lost myelin can be regenerated during remyelination, which can prevent axonal degeneration and can restore function. Cell population studies have recently identified novel immunomodulatory functions of oligodendrocytes, the implications of which, e.g., for diseases with primary oligodendrocyte pathology, are not yet clear. Here, we review the journey of oligodendrocytes from the embryonic stage to their role in homeostasis and their fate in disease. We will also discuss the most common models used to study oligodendrocytes and describe newly discovered functions of oligodendrocytes.

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  • Oligodendrocyte pathology is evident in multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease.

    “Oligodendrocyte pathology is evident in a range of disorders including multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease (Kuhn et al., 2019).”

    From What is a cell type and how to define it? (2022) · cites this paper as Kuhn et al., 2019

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Authors
Kuhn, S., Gritti, L., Crooks, D., & Dombrowski, Y.
Affiliations
Queen's University Belfast (GB)
Corresponding author
Dombrowski, Yvonne
Venue
Cells
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2019-11-12
Volume
8
Issue
11
Pages
1424
ISSN
2073-4409 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2984544781
Cited by
625
References
229
Citations by year
2026: 69 · 2025: 121 · 2024: 131 · 2023: 113 · 2022: 78 · 2021: 84 · 2020: 27 · 2018: 1
FWCI
5.95
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cells (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
Medical Research Fund of the Freemasons of Ireland (PhD studentship 2017-2020)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Keywords
oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, myelination, myelin, remyelination, oligodendrocyte development, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, axonal degeneration
MeSH terms
Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells, Remyelination, Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Humans, Multiple Sclerosis, Myelin Sheath, Oligodendroglia, Schizophrenia

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