Brain macrophage development, diversity and dysregulation in health and disease

Silvin, Aymeric; Qian, Jiawen; Ginhoux, Florent

doi:10.1038/s41423-023-01053-6

Cited by 137Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsMultiple Sclerosis Research StudiesNeurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms

Brain macrophage development, diversity and dysregulation in health and disease

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Silvin, Aymeric, Qian, Jiawen, Ginhoux, Florent·2023·Cellular & Molecular Immunology

DOI 10.1038/s41423-023-01053-6PMC PMC10616292

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Abstract

Brain macrophages include microglia in the parenchyma, border-associated macrophages in the meningeal-choroid plexus-perivascular space, and monocyte-derived macrophages that infiltrate the brain under various disease conditions. The vast heterogeneity of these cells has been elucidated over the last decade using revolutionary multiomics technologies. As such, we can now start to define these various macrophage populations according to their ontogeny and their diverse functional programs during brain development, homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. In this review, we first outline the critical roles played by brain macrophages during development and healthy aging. We then discuss how brain macrophages might undergo reprogramming and contribute to neurodegenerative disorders, autoimmune diseases, and glioma. Finally, we speculate about the most recent and ongoing discoveries that are prompting translational attempts to leverage brain macrophages as prognostic markers or therapeutic targets for diseases that affect the brain.

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With aging or premature death, perivascular macrophages are replaced by monocyte-derived macrophages that appear more prone to induce inflammation.
“With aging, or premature death, perivascular macrophages are replaced by monocyte-derived macrophages that appear to be more prone to induce inflammation [382,383,384].”
From Revisiting the Pathogenesis of X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy (2025) · cites this paper as [384]
The ‘Impact of aging on brain macrophage renewal’ section says the monocyte-derived proportion of brain macrophages increases with age and that these cells appear more prone to induce inflammation. It says macrophages that die are sometimes replaced by recruited monocytes, but sometimes by neighboring macrophages; it does not establish that perivascular macrophages specifically are replaced as the claim states. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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Background
Sex differences in GBM revealed by analysis of patient imaging, transcriptome, and survival data
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Etanercept in Alzheimer disease
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TNF Drives Monocyte Dysfunction with Age and Results in Impaired Anti-pneumococcal Immunity
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Sexually dimorphic RB inactivation underlies mesenchymal glioblastoma prevalence in males
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Border-associated macrophages mediate the neuroinflammatory response in an alpha-synuclein model of Parkinson disease
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Human Mesenchymal glioblastomas are characterized by an increased immune cell presence compared to Proneural and Classical tumors
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Adherence to macrophages in erythroblastic islands enhances erythroblast proliferation and increases erythrocyte production by a different mechanism than erythropoietin
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TLR2 Promotes Glioma Immune Evasion by Downregulating MHC Class II Molecules in Microglia
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Microglia and sexual differentiation of the developing brain: A focus on ontogeny and intrinsic factors
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Meningeal macrophages protect against viral neuroinfection
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The role of perivascular and meningeal macrophages in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
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[84]Schonhoff A Figge D Williams G Jurkuvenaite A Gallups N Childers G Bord-associated macrophages Mediat neuroinflammatory response alpha-synuclein model Parkinson Dis 2022 10.1101/2022.10.12.511960 PMC10293214 37365181 · DOI

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Authors: Silvin, A., Qian, J., & Ginhoux, F.
Affiliations: Inserm (FR)
Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
Agency for Science, Technology and Research (SG)
Corresponding author: Ginhoux, Florent
ORCID: Silvin, Aymeric
Qian, Jiawen
Ginhoux, Florent
Venue: Cellular & Molecular Immunology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2023-06-26
Volume: 20
Issue: 11
Pages: 1277-1289
ISSN: 1672-7681 (ISSN-L)
2042-0226
DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01053-6
PMC: PMC10616292
OpenAlex: W4382181798
Cited by: 137
References: 165
Citations by year: 2026: 41 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 6
FWCI: 3.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (vor)
Locations: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
Keywords: brain macrophages, microglia, border-associated macrophages, meningeal macrophages, choroid plexus macrophages, perivascular macrophages, monocyte-derived macrophages, macrophage heterogeneity, macrophage ontogeny, brain development, healthy aging, neurodegenerative diseases, glioma, macrophage reprogramming, prognostic factors, therapeutic target
MeSH terms: Autoimmune Diseases, Brain, Humans, Macrophages, Meninges, Microglia

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Brain macrophage development, diversity and dysregulation in health and disease

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