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Gaze bias both reflects and influences preference
Abstract
Emotions operate along the dimension of approach and aversion, and it is reasonable to assume that orienting behavior is intrinsically linked to emotionally involved processes such as preference decisions. Here we describe a gaze 'cascade effect' that was present when human observers were shown pairs of human faces and instructed to decide which face was more attractive. Their gaze was initially distributed evenly between the two stimuli, but then gradually shifted toward the face that they eventually chose. Gaze bias was significantly weaker in a face shape discrimination task. In a second series of experiments, manipulation of gaze duration, but not exposure duration alone, biased observers' preference decisions. We thus conclude that gaze is actively involved in preference formation. The gaze cascade effect was also present when participants compared abstract, unfamiliar shapes for attractiveness, suggesting that orienting and preference for objects in general are intrinsically linked in a positive feedback loop leading to the conscious choice.
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“Indeed, gaze bias appears to both reflect and influence preferences51”
From Paying attention to attention in depression (2019) · cites this paper as [51]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Shimojo, S., Simion, C., Shimojo, E., & Scheier, C.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Bunkyo Gakuin University (JP)
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2003-11-09
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1317-1322
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- OpenAlex
- W2115276604
- Cited by
- 924
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 58 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 73 · 2018: 62 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 1.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Aesthetic Perception and Analysis
- Keywords
- gaze bias, cascading effects, preference formation, facial attractiveness, orienting, gaze duration, positive feedback loop, visual attention
- MeSH terms
- Choice Behavior, Discrimination, Psychological, Emotions, Fixation, Ocular, Humans, Photic Stimulation, Reaction Time, Statistics, Nonparametric
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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