Cited by 1,000Neural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorDecision-Making and Behavioral Economics

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Optimal decision making and the anterior cingulate cortex

Kennerley, Steven W, Walton, Mark E, Behrens, Timothy E J, Buckley, Mark J, Rushworth, Matthew F S·2006·Nature Neuroscience

DOI 10.1038/nn1724

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Abstract

Learning the value of options in an uncertain environment is central to optimal decision making. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been implicated in using reinforcement information to control behavior. Here we demonstrate that the ACC's critical role in reinforcement-guided behavior is neither in detecting nor in correcting errors, but in guiding voluntary choices based on the history of actions and outcomes. ACC lesions did not impair the performance of monkeys (Macaca mulatta) immediately after errors, but made them unable to sustain rewarded responses in a reinforcement-guided choice task and to integrate risk and payoff in a dynamic foraging task. These data suggest that the ACC is essential for learning the value of actions.

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Authors: Kennerley, S. W., Walton, M. E., Behrens, T. E. J., Buckley, M. J., & Rushworth, M. F. S.
Affiliations: University of Oxford (GB)
John Radcliffe Hospital (GB)
Corresponding author: Kennerley, Steven W
ORCID: Kennerley, Steven W
Walton, Mark E
Behrens, Timothy E J
Buckley, Mark J
Rushworth, Matthew F S
Venue: Nature Neuroscience
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2006-06-18
Volume: 9
Issue: 7
Pages: 940-947
ISSN: 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
1546-1726
DOI: 10.1038/nn1724
OpenAlex: W2009639618
Cited by: 948
References: 52
Citations by year: 2026: 38 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 58 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 58 · 2012: 55
FWCI: 26.05
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Wellcome Trust
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
Keywords: anterior cingulate cortex, optimal decision making, reinforcement learning, value learning, error correction, error detection, voluntary choice, foraging behavior, lesion studies, macaque
MeSH terms: Animals, Behavior, Animal, Conditioning, Operant, Decision Making, Gyrus Cinguli, Macaca mulatta, Male, Probability Learning, Psychomotor Performance, Reinforcement, Psychology, Reinforcement Schedule

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Optimal decision making and the anterior cingulate cortex

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