Neural correlates of decision variables in parietal cortex
Abstract
Decision theory proposes that humans and animals decide what to do in a given situation by assessing the relative value of each possible response. This assessment can be computed, in part, from the probability that each action will result in a gain and the magnitude of the gain expected. Here we show that the gain (or reward) a monkey can expect to realize from an eye-movement response modulates the activity of neurons in the lateral intraparietal area, an area of primate cortex that is thought to transform visual signals into eye-movement commands. We also show that the activity of these neurons is sensitive to the probability that a particular response will result in a gain. When animals can choose freely between two alternative responses, the choices subjects make and neuronal activation in this area are both correlated with the relative amount of gain that the animal can expect from each response. Our data indicate that a decision-theoretic model may provide a powerful new framework for studying the neural processes that intervene between sensation and action.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The dlPFC and parietal cortex have reciprocal projections with the dACC.
“The dlPFC and parietal cortex have reciprocal projections with the dACC”
From When Is an Adolescent an Adult? Assessing Cognitive Control in Emotional and Nonemotional Contexts (2016) · cites this paper as Platt & Glimcher, 1999
LIP neurons are hypothesized to encode the attentional salience or expected value of a visual saccade target, but these concepts cannot explain the pattern of LIP activity in the experiment.
“LIP neurons are hypothesized to encode the attentional salience or expected value of a visual saccade target (52, 53, 63), but these concepts cannot explain the pattern of LIP activity in our experiment.”
From Representation of Confidence Associated with a Decision by Neurons in the Parietal Cortex (2009) · cites this paper as [53]
The changes in sensory-driven LIP responses with training did not appear to reflect changes in other motor or motivational parameters known to modulate LIP activity.
“The changes in sensory-driven LIP responses with training also did not appear to reflect changes in other motor (Fig. 5, middle) or motivational parameters (Fig. 5, right) known to modulate LIP activity21, 22.”
From Neural correlates of perceptual learning in a sensory-motor, but not a sensory, cortical area (2008) · cites this paper as [21]
LIP plays a multitude of cognitive and sensory-motor roles.
“LIP plays a multitude of cognitive and sensory-motor roles that could, in principle, change during training and account for the changes in LIP responses during motion viewing 20–22.”
From Neural correlates of perceptual learning in a sensory-motor, but not a sensory, cortical area (2008) · cites this paper as [21]
Previous studies have shown that LIP responses are modulated by many factors, such as attention, expectation, time, motor intention, experienced value, reward, and the prior probability of making an eye movement.
“In addition, previous studies have shown that LIP responses are modulated by many factors, such as attention, expectation, time, motor intention, experienced value, reward, and the prior probability of making an eye movement12,13,39–42.”
From Microstimulation of macaque area LIP affects decision-making in a motion discrimination task (2006) · cites this paper as [42]
Parietal cortex has been implicated in decision making based on the value representation as well as on the accumulation of sensory evidence.
“Parietal cortex has also been implicated in decision making based on the value representation as well as on the accumulation of sensory evidence38,39.”
From A reservoir of time constants for memory traces in cortical neurons (2011) · cites this paper as [38]
Single neurons in a number of cortical areas have activity correlated with reinforcer frequency and magnitude.
“Single neurons in a number of cortical areas have activity correlated with reinforcer frequency (Barraclough, Conroy, & Lee, 2004; Platt & Glimcher, 1999; Sugrue et al., 2004) and magnitude (Platt & Glimcher, 1999).”
From DYNAMIC RESPONSE-BY-RESPONSE MODELS OF MATCHING BEHAVIOR IN RHESUS MONKEYS (2005) · cites this paper as Platt & Glimcher, 1999
Brain structures activated in decision making and modulated by reward signals include caudate, lateral parietal cortex area LIP, and prefrontal cortex.
“Brain structures activated in decision making and modulated by reward signals include caudate (Samejima et al., 2005; Hikosaka et al., 2006), lateral parietal cortex area LIP (Platt and Glimcher, 1999; Sugrue et al., 2004), and prefrontal cortex (Watanabe, 1996; Roesch and Olson, 2003).”
From Decision Making in Recurrent Neuronal Circuits (2008) · cites this paper as Platt and Glimcher, 1999
Cites
Theory of games and economic behavior
Garcia, S. R., & Miller, S. J. (2019) · American Mathematical Society eBooks · doi:10.1090/mbk/121/32 · Cited by 16,799 · see citing works
Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases
(1982) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511809477 · Cited by 8,240 · see citing works
Judgment under uncertainty: List of contributors
Kahneman, D. J., Slovic, P., & Tversky, A. (1982) · Cited by 4,630 · see citing works
Judgment under uncertainty: Causality and attribution
Kahneman, D. J., Slovic, P., & Tversky, A. (1982) · Cited by 4,630 · see citing works
The Integrative Action of the Nervous System.
Sherrington, C. (1907) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-190734120-00021 · Cited by 4,136 · see citing works
Theory of Games and Economic Behavior
Hawkins, D. (1945) · Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1086/286866 · Cited by 3,943 · see citing works
Schoener, T. W. (1971) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.es.02.110171.002101 · Cited by 3,586 · see citing works
Optimal Foraging: A Selective Review of Theory and Tests
Pyke, G. H., Pulliam, H. R., & Charnov, E. L. (1977) · The Quarterly Review of Biology · doi:10.1086/409852 · Cited by 3,420 · see citing works
Conditioned Reflexes: An Investigation of the Physiological Activity of the Cerebral Cortex.
Pavlov, P. I. (1930) · Archives of Neurology And Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1930.02220110256018 · Cited by 2,681 · see citing works
Herrnstein, R. J. (1961) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.1961.4-267 · Cited by 2,281 · see citing works
Conditioned Reflexes: an Investigation of the Physiological Activity of the Cerebral Cortex
Denny-Brown, D. E. (1928) · Nature · doi:10.1038/121662a0 · Cited by 1,854 · see citing works
Coding of intention in the posterior parietal cortex
Snyder, L. H., Batista, A. P., & Andersen, R. A. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/386167a0 · Cited by 1,103 · see citing works
The representation of visual salience in monkey parietal cortex
Gottlieb, J. P., Kusunoki, M., & Goldberg, M. E. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35135 · Cited by 1,078 · see citing works
Dissociation Of Working Memory from Decision Making within the Human Prefrontal Cortex
Bechara, A., Damásio, H., Tranel, D., & Anderson, S. W. (1998) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-01-00428.1998 · Cited by 1,059 · see citing works
Memory related motor planning activity in posterior parietal cortex of macaque
Gnadt, J. W., & Andersen, R. A. (1988) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00271862 · Cited by 998 · see citing works
Motion perception: seeing and deciding.
Shadlen, M. N., & Newsome, W. T. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.2.628 · Cited by 723 · see citing works
Test of optimal sampling by foraging great tits
Krebs, J. R., Kacelnik, A., & Taylor, P. (1978) · Nature · doi:10.1038/275027a0 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
Limits to Action: The Allocation of Individual Behavior
Baum, W. E., & Staddon, J. E. R. (1982) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1422478 · Cited by 557 · see citing works
Neural basis of saccade target selection in frontal eye field during visual search
Schall, J. D., & Hanes, D. P. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/366467a0 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Saccadic Probability Influences Motor Preparation Signals and Time to Saccadic Initiation
Dorris, M. C., & Munoz, D. P. (1998) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-17-07015.1998 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Human Motor Actions Bernstein Reassessed
(1984) · Advances in psychology · doi:10.1016/s0166-4115(08)x6056-x · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Modulation of neuronal activity by target uncertainty
Basso, M. A., & Wurtz, R. H. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/37975 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Functional Organization of a Cortical Efferent System Examined with Focal Depth Stimulation in Cats
Asanuma, H., & Sakata, H. (1967) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1967.30.1.35 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
SELF-DIFFERENTIATION OF THE BASIC PATTERNS OF COORDINATION
Weiss, P. A. (1968) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-2919-5.50027-1 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
CONCURRENT PERFORMANCES: A BASELINE FOR THE STUDY OF REINFORCEMENT MAGNITUDE1
Catania, A. C. (1963) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.1963.6-299 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Movement selection in advance of action in the superior colliculus
Glimcher, P. W., & Sparks, D. L. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/355542a0 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Self-citationMelioration and Behavioral Allocation
Herrnstein, R. J., & Vaughan, W. (1980) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-662650-6.50011-8 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Toward a law of response strength.
de Villiers, P. A., & Herrnstein, R. J. (1976) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.83.6.1131 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
The Art of Thinking: Port-Royal Logic.
Hall, R., Arnauld, A., Dickoff, J. W., James, P., & Hendel, C. W. (1966) · The Philosophical Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2217888 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
The Mystery of the Mind: A Critical Study of Consciousness and the Human Brain
Gibson, W. C. (1976) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1976.03260270059041 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Representation of Visuomotor Space in the Parietal Lobe of the MonkeyPreprint
Goldberg, M. E., Colby, C. L., & Duhamel, J. (1990) · Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology · doi:10.1101/sqb.1990.055.01.068 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Mystery of the Mind: A Critical Study of Consciousness and the Human Brain
Penfield, W. G. (2015) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9781400868735 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Responses of Intraparietal Neurons to Saccadic Targets and Visual Distractors
Platt, M. L., & Glimcher, P. W. (1997) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1997.78.3.1574 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Self-citationConditioned Reflexes. An Investigation of the Physiological Activity of the Cerebral Cortex
Fearing, F., Pavlov, I. P., & Anrep, G. V. (1929) · Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology · doi:10.2307/1134737 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
On matching and maximizing in operant choice experiments.
Staddon, J. E. R., & Motheral, S. (1978) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.85.5.436 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Motor intention activity in the macaque's lateral intraparietal area. II. Changes of motor plan
Bracewell, R. M., Mazzoni, P., Barash, S., & Andersen, R. A. (1996) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.3.1457 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Tattersall, L. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/361314a0 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Foraging for brain stimulation: toward a neurobiology of computation
Gallistel, C. R. (1994) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(94)90026-4 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Chapter II The Problem of the Interrelation of Co-Ordination and Localization
Bernstein, N. (1984) · Advances in psychology · doi:10.1016/s0166-4115(08)61370-9 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Effects of magnitude of reinforcement in Macaca speciosa
Davenport, J. W., Goodrich, K. P., & Hagquist, W. W. (1966) · Psychonomic Science · doi:10.3758/bf03342242 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Neural Basis of Decision Making
Gold, J. I., & Shadlen, M. N. (2007) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.113038 · Cited by 3,764 · see citing works
Getting formal with dopamine and reward
Schultz, W. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00967-4 · Cited by 2,574 · see citing works
The Bayesian brain: The role of uncertainty in neural coding and computation
Knill, D. C., & Pouget, A. (2004) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2004.10.007 · Cited by 2,588 · see citing works
A framework for studying the neurobiology of value-based decision making
Rangel, A., Camerer, C., & Montague, P. R. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2357 · Cited by 2,184 · see citing works
Cortical substrates for exploratory decisions in humans
Daw, N. D., O'Doherty, J. P., Dayan, P., Seymour, B., & Dolan, R. J. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04766 · Cited by 2,224 · see citing works
Neuroeconomics: How Neuroscience Can Inform Economics
Camerer, C. F., Loewenstein, G. F., & Prelec, D. (2005) · Journal of Economic Literature · doi:10.1257/0022051053737843 · Cited by 2,146 · see citing works
Bayesian integration in sensorimotor learning
Körding, K. P., & Wolpert, D. M. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02169 · Cited by 2,004 · see citing works
The neural correlates of subjective value during intertemporal choice
Kable, J. W., & Glimcher, P. W. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn2007 · Cited by 1,916 · see citing works
Self-citationBogacz, R., Brown, E., Moehlis, J., Holmes, P. J., & Cohen, J. D. (2006) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.113.4.700 · Cited by 1,845 · see citing works
Neural Basis of a Perceptual Decision in the Parietal Cortex (Area LIP) of the Rhesus Monkey
Shadlen, M. N., & Newsome, W. T. (2001) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.2001.86.4.1916 · Cited by 1,755 · see citing works
Habits, Rituals, and the Evaluative Brain
Graybiel, A. M. (2008) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.112851 · Cited by 1,697 · see citing works
Neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex encode economic value
Padoa-Schioppa, C., & Assad, J. A. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04676 · Cited by 1,598 · see citing works
Behavioral Theories and the Neurophysiology of Reward
Schultz, W. (2006) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070229 · Cited by 1,637 · see citing works
Toward a second-person neuroscience
Schilbach, L., Timmermans, B., Reddy, V., Costall, A., Bente, G., Schlicht, T., & Vogeley, K. (2013) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x12000660 · Cited by 1,510 · see citing works
Neural Mechanisms for Interacting with a World Full of Action Choices
Cisek, P., & Kalaska, J. F. (2010) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.051508.135409 · Cited by 1,543 · see citing works
Multiple dopamine functions at different time courses
Schultz, W. (2007) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135722 · Cited by 1,415 · see citing works
Bayesian inference with probabilistic population codes
Ma, W. J., Beck, J. M., Latham, P. E., & Pouget, A. (2006) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1790 · Cited by 1,457 · see citing works
Reward representations and reward-related learning in the human brain: Insights from neuroimaging
O’Doherty, J. P. (2004) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2004.10.016 · Cited by 1,426 · see citing works
Ridderinkhof, K. R., van den Wildenberg, W. P. M., Segalowitz, S. J., & Carter, C. S. (2004) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2004.09.016 · Cited by 1,407 · see citing works
Eye movements in natural behavior
Hayhoe, M., & Ballard, D. H. (2005) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.02.009 · Cited by 1,321 · see citing works
Multiple reward signals in the brain
Schultz, W. (2000) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35044563 · Cited by 1,303 · see citing works
Intentional Maps in Posterior Parietal Cortex
Andersen, R. A., & Buneo, C. A. (2002) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.25.112701.142922 · Cited by 1,294 · see citing works
Object perception as Bayesian inference
Kersten, D., Mamassian, P., & Yuille, A. (2004) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.142005 · Cited by 1,269 · see citing works
Probabilistic decision making by slow reverberation in cortical circuits
Wang, X.-J. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)01092-9 · Cited by 1,242 · see citing works
Baxter, M. G., & Murray, E. A. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn875 · Cited by 1,200 · see citing works
Neuronal Reward and Decision Signals: From Theories to Data
Schultz, W. (2015) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00023.2014 · Cited by 1,126 · see citing works
Gläscher, J., Daw, N., Dayan, P., & O'Doherty, J. P. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.04.016 · Cited by 1,166 · see citing works
Frontal cortex and reward-guided learning and decision-making
Rushworth, M. F. S., Noonan, M. P., Boorman, E. D., Walton, M. E., & Behrens, T. E. (2011) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.05.014 · Cited by 1,111 · see citing works
What Is a Cognitive Map? Organizing Knowledge for Flexible Behavior
Behrens, T. E. J., Muller, T. H., Whittington, J. C. R., Mark, S., Baram, A. B., Stachenfeld, K. L., & Kurth-Nelson, Z. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.10.002 · Cited by 1,055 · see citing works
Neural Predictors of Purchases
Knutson, B., Rick, S., Wimmer, G. E., Prelec, D., & Loewenstein, G. (2007) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.11.010 · Cited by 1,171 · see citing works
Consensus Paper: The Cerebellum's Role in Movement and Cognition
Koziol, L. F., Budding, D. E., Andreasen, N. C., D’Arrigo, S., Bulgheroni, S., Imamizu, H., Ito, M., Manto, M. U., Marvel, C. L., Parker, K. L., et al. (2013) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-013-0511-x · Cited by 1,136 · see citing works
Human volition: towards a neuroscience of will
Haggard, P. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2497 · Cited by 1,134 · see citing works
Cortical mechanisms of action selection: the affordance competition hypothesis
Cisek, P. (2007) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2054 · Cited by 1,077 · see citing works
The dynamics of embodiment: A field theory of infant perseverative reaching
Thelen, E., Schöner, G., Scheier, C., & Smith, L. B. (2001) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x01003910 · Cited by 1,073 · see citing works
Psychology and neurobiology of simple decisions
Smith, P. L., & Ratcliff, R. (2004) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2004.01.006 · Cited by 1,051 · see citing works
Cisek, P., & Kalaska, J. F. (2005) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.01.027 · Cited by 1,020 · see citing works
Attention, intention, and priority in the parietal lobe
Bisley, J. W., & Goldberg, M. E. (2010) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-060909-152823 · Cited by 1,043 · see citing works
Matching Behavior and the Representation of Value in the Parietal Cortex
Sugrue, L. P., Corrado, G. S., & Newsome, W. T. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1094765 · Cited by 1,030 · see citing works
Representation of Confidence Associated with a Decision by Neurons in the Parietal Cortex
Kiani, R., & Shadlen, M. N. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1169405 · Cited by 1,027 · see citing works
Neuroeconomics: decision making and the brain
(2014) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.51-5702 · Cited by 1,020 · see citing works
Optimal decision making and the anterior cingulate cortex
Kennerley, S. W., Walton, M. E., Behrens, T. E. J., Buckley, M. J., & Rushworth, M. F. S. (2006) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1724 · Cited by 948 · see citing works
The Neurobiology of Decision: Consensus and Controversy
Kable, J. W., & Glimcher, P. W. (2009) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.09.003 · Cited by 928 · see citing works
Self-citationA Dual-Self Model of Impulse Control
Fudenberg, D., & Levine, D. K. (2006) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.96.5.1449 · Cited by 951 · see citing works
Orbitofrontal cortex and its contribution to decision-making.
Wallis, J. D. (2007) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.30.051606.094334 · Cited by 938 · see citing works
Neural computations that underlie decisions about sensory stimuli
Gold, J. I., & Shadlen, M. N. (2001) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01567-9 · Cited by 881 · see citing works
Choice, uncertainty and value in prefrontal and cingulate cortex
Rushworth, M. F. S., & Behrens, T. E. J. (2008) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn2066 · Cited by 866 · see citing works
Peters, J., & Büchel, C. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.03.026 · Cited by 871 · see citing works
The cingulate cortex and limbic systems for emotion, action, and memory
Rolls, E. T. (2019) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-019-01945-2 · Cited by 859 · see citing works
Eye guidance in natural vision: reinterpreting salience
Tatler, B. W., Hayhoe, M. M., Land, M. F., & Ballard, D. H. (2011) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/11.5.5 · Cited by 775 · see citing works
Genetic Dissection of Neural Circuits
Luo, L., Callaway, E. M., & Svoboda, K. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.01.002 · Cited by 754 · see citing works
REVIEW: The functional organization of the intraparietal sulcus in humans and monkeys
Grefkes, C., & Fink, G. R. (2005) · Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00426.x · Cited by 753 · see citing works
Mendl, M., Burman, O. H. P., Parker, R. M. A., & Paul, E. S. (2009) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2009.02.023 · Cited by 763 · see citing works
A general mechanism for perceptual decision-making in the human brain
Heekeren, H. R., Marrett, S., Bandettini, P. A., & Ungerleider, L. G. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02966 · Cited by 741 · see citing works
Neuroeconomics: The Consilience of Brain and Decision
Glimcher, P. W., & Rustichini, A. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1102566 · Cited by 725 · see citing works
Self-citationDecision-making in the adolescent brain
Blakemore, S.-J., & Robbins, T. W. (2012) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3177 · Cited by 711 · see citing works
A common reference frame for movement plans in the posterior parietal cortex
Cohen, Y. E., & Andersen, R. A. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn873 · Cited by 695 · see citing works
Intention, Action Planning, and Decision Making in Parietal-Frontal Circuits
Andersen, R. A., & Cui, H. (2009) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.08.028 · Cited by 707 · see citing works
Probabilistic population codes for Bayesian decision making
Beck, J. M., Ma, W. J., Kiani, R., Hanks, T., Churchland, A. K., Roitman, J., Shadlen, M. N., Latham, P. E., & Pouget, A. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.09.021 · Cited by 645 · see citing works
The effect of stimulus strength on the speed and accuracy of a perceptual decision
Palmer, J., Huk, A. C., & Shadlen, M. N. (2005) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/5.5.1 · Cited by 691 · see citing works
Prefrontal cortex and decision making in a mixed-strategy game
Barraclough, D. J., Conroy, M. L., & Lee, D. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1209 · Cited by 678 · see citing works
Brain mechanisms for emotional influences on perception and attention: What is magic and what is not
Pourtois, G., Schettino, A., & Vuilleumier, P. (2013) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.02.007 · Cited by 687 · see citing works
Decision Making in Recurrent Neuronal Circuits
Wang, X.-J. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.09.034 · Cited by 679 · see citing works
“…target selection (Hanes and Schall, 1996; Schall, 2001, 2004; Cisek and Kalaska, 2005; Scherberger and Andersen, 2007), economic choice behavior (Platt and Glimcher, 1999; Sugrue et al., 2004, 2005; PadoaSchioppa and Assad, 2006), and competitive games (Barraclough et al., 2004; Dorris and…”
BackgroundCognitive Control Signals for Neural Prosthetics
Musallam, S., Corneil, B. D., Greger, B., Scherberger, H., & Andersen, R. A. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1097938 · Cited by 663 · see citing works
Decision Making as a Window on Cognition
Shadlen, M. N., & Kiani, R. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.10.047 · Cited by 660 · see citing works
Neuroeconomics: Decision Making and the Brain
Rushworth, M. F. S., & Walton, M. E. (2009) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.07.005 · Cited by 669 · see citing works
Doya, K. (2008) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn2077 · Cited by 642 · see citing works
Visual attention: Insights from brain imaging
Kanwisher, N., & Wojciulik, E. (2000) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35039043 · Cited by 627 · see citing works
Wallis, J. D., & Miller, E. K. (2003) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02922.x · Cited by 628 · see citing works
Sequential Sampling Models in Cognitive Neuroscience: Advantages, Applications, and Extensions
Forstmann, B. U., Ratcliff, R., & Wagenmakers, E. (2015) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033645 · Cited by 613 · see citing works
Izquierdo, A., Suda, R. K., & Murray, E. A. (2004) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1921-04.2004 · Cited by 588 · see citing works
Representation of a perceptual decision in developing oculomotor commands
Gold, J. I., & Shadlen, M. N. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35006062 · Cited by 616 · see citing works
A representation of the hazard rate of elapsed time in macaque area LIP
Janssen, P., & Shadlen, M. N. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1386 · Cited by 601 · see citing works
Representation of Time by Neurons in the Posterior Parietal Cortex of the Macaque
Leon, M. I., & Shadlen, M. N. (2003) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00185-5 · Cited by 601 · see citing works
Flutter Discrimination: neural codes, perception, memory and decision making
Romo, R., & Salinas, E. (2003) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1058 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Emotion, Cognition, and Mental State Representation in Amygdala and Prefrontal Cortex
Salzman, C., & Fusi, S. (2010) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.051508.135256 · Cited by 581 · see citing works
Probabilistic reasoning by neurons
Yang, T., & Shadlen, M. N. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05852 · Cited by 581 · see citing works
Positive social interactions and the human body at work: Linking organizations and physiology
Heaphy, E. D., & Dutton, J. E. (2008) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2008.27749365 · Cited by 578 · see citing works
Decision theory, reinforcement learning, and the brain
Dayan, P., & Daw, N. D. (2008) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.8.4.429 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Kincade, J. M., Abrams, R. A., Astafiev, S. V., Shulman, G. L., & Corbetta, M. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0236-05.2005 · Cited by 561 · see citing works
Neuroeconomics: cross-currents in research on decision-making
Sanfey, A. G., Loewenstein, G. F., McClure, S. M., & Cohen, J. D. (2006) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.01.009 · Cited by 557 · see citing works
Neurobiology of Decision Making: A Selective Review from a Neurocognitive and Clinical Perspective
Monique Ernst, D., & Paulus, M. P. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.06.004 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
Gold, J. I., & Shadlen, M. N. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00971-6 · Cited by 547 · see citing works
Neural Basis of Reinforcement Learning and Decision Making
Lee, D., Seo, H., & Jung, M. W. (2012) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-062111-150512 · Cited by 542 · see citing works
Neuronal Activity Related to Reward Value and Motivation in Primate Frontal Cortex
Roesch, M. R., & Olson, C. R. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1093223 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Experience-dependent representation of visual categories in parietal cortex
Freedman, D. J., & Assad, J. A. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05078 · Cited by 542 · see citing works
Choosing the greater of two goods: neural currencies for valuation and decision making
Sugrue, L. P., Corrado, G. S., & Newsome, W. T. (2005) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1666 · Cited by 536 · see citing works
Ciaramelli, E., Grady, C. L., & Moscovitch, M. (2008) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.03.022 · Cited by 534 · see citing works
Huk, A. C., & Shadlen, M. N. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4684-04.2005 · Cited by 538 · see citing works
Neural basis of deciding, choosing and acting
Schall, J. D. (2001) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35049054 · Cited by 528 · see citing works
What the orbitofrontal cortex does not do
Stalnaker, T. A., Cooch, N. K., & Schoenbaum, G. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3982 · Cited by 531 · see citing works
Hampton, A. N., Bossaerts, P., & O’Doherty, J. P. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1010-06.2006 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Problems for Judgment and Decision Making
Hastie, R. (2001) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.653 · Cited by 517 · see citing works
Neural correlates of perceptual learning in a sensory-motor, but not a sensory, cortical area
Law, C.-T., & Gold, J. I. (2008) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn2070 · Cited by 516 · see citing works
Schultz, W. (2004) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2004.03.017 · Cited by 517 · see citing works
Learning, reward, and decision making
O'Doherty, J. P., Cockburn, J., & Pauli, W. M. (2017) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010416-044216 · Cited by 475 · see citing works
Model‐Based fMRI and Its Application to Reward Learning and Decision Making
O’Doherty, J. P., Hampton, A. N., & Kim, H. (2007) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1390.022 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
From Thought to Action: The Parietal Cortex as a Bridge between Perception, Action, and Cognition
Gottlieb, J. P. (2007) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.12.009 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Predictive codes for forthcoming perception in the frontal cortex.
Summerfield, C., Egner, T., Greene, M., Koechlin, E., Mangels, J., & Hirsch, J. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1132028 · Cited by 496 · see citing works
DYNAMIC RESPONSE-BY-RESPONSE MODELS OF MATCHING BEHAVIOR IN RHESUS MONKEYS
Lau, B., & Glimcher, P. W. (2005) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.2005.110-04 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Self-citationTwo distinct modes of sensory processing observed in monkey primary visual cortex (V1)
Supèr, H., Spekreijse, H., & Lamme, V. A. F. (2001) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/85170 · Cited by 467 · see citing works
- Authors
- Platt, M. L., & Glimcher, P. W.
- Affiliations
- New York University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Platt, Michael L.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 1999-07
- Volume
- 400
- Issue
- 6741
- Pages
- 233-238
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2107886772
- Cited by
- 1,721
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 75 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 57 · 2015: 82 · 2014: 82 · 2013: 113 · 2012: 101
- FWCI
- 14.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Keywords
- decision-making, lateral intraparietal area, parietal cortex, reward magnitude, response probability, eye movements, decision variables, decision-theoretic model
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Color Perception, Decision Making, Eye Movements, Fixation, Ocular, Macaca, Models, Neurological, Motor Neurons, Neurons, Neurons, Afferent, Parietal Lobe, Probability, Reward
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
