Cited by 198Epigenetics and DNA MethylationBirth, Development, and HealthNutrition, Genetics, and Disease

The role of diet and exercise in the transgenerational epigenetic landscape of T2DM

Barrès, Romain, Zierath, Juleen R.·2016·Nature Reviews Endocrinology

Abstract

Epigenetic changes are caused by biochemical regulators of gene expression that can be transferred across generations or through cell division. Epigenetic modifications can arise from a variety of environmental exposures including undernutrition, obesity, physical activity, stress and toxins. Transient epigenetic changes across the entire genome can influence metabolic outcomes and might or might not be heritable. These modifications direct and maintain the cell-type specific gene expression state. Transient epigenetic changes can be driven by DNA methylation and histone modification in response to environmental stressors. A detailed understanding of the epigenetic signatures of insulin resistance and the adaptive response to exercise might identify new therapeutic targets that can be further developed to improve insulin sensitivity and prevent obesity. This Review focuses on the current understanding of mechanisms by which lifestyle factors affect the epigenetic landscape in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Evidence from the past few years about the potential mechanisms by which diet and exercise affect the epigenome over several generations is discussed.

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Crossref · 10.1038/nrendo.2016.87

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113 of 113 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • High-fat feeding in mice induced PGC1α hypermethylation that was transferable to the offspring; maternal exercise prevented high-fat feeding hypermethylation of PGC1α and mitigated epigenetic associated metabolic dysfunction in the offspring.

    “High-fat feeding in mice induced PGC1α hypermethylation that was transferable to the offspring. Maternal exercise, on the other hand, prevented high-fat feeding hypermethylation of PGC1α and mitigated epigenetic associated metabolic dysfunction in the offspring (138).”
  • Moderate exercise during pregnancy in humans reduces the risk for obesity during the progeny's childhood and preadolescence.

    “Indeed, moderate exercise during pregnancy in humans is advised because it reduces the risk for obesity during the progeny’s childhood and preadolescence (138).”

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Authors
Barrès, R., & Zierath, J. R.
Affiliations
University of Copenhagen (DK)
Corresponding author
Zierath, Juleen R.
Venue
Nature Reviews Endocrinology
Published
2016-06-17
Volume
12
Issue
8
Pages
441-451
ISSN
  • 1759-5029 (ISSN-L)
  • 1759-5037
OpenAlex
W2443002311
Cited by
198
References
113
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 6
FWCI
2.71
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nature Reviews Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Karolinska Institutet
  • Vetenskapsrådet
  • Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF14OC0009941)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
Keywords
type 2 diabetes, transgenerational epigenetic inheritance, diet, physical activity, epigenome, DNA methylation, histone modifications, insulin resistance, obesity, lifestyle factors, epigenetic inheritance, cell type-specific gene expression, environmental stressors
MeSH terms
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Female, Heterozygote, Humans, Life Style, Male, Role, Exercise, DNA Methylation, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Epigenesis, Genetic

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