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Genetics of global gene expression
Abstract
A new field of genetic analysis of global gene expression has emerged in recent years, driven by the realization that traditional techniques of linkage and association analysis can be applied to thousands of transcript levels measured by microarrays. Genetic dissection of transcript abundance has shed light on the architecture of quantitative traits, provided a new approach for connecting DNA sequence variation with phenotypic variation, and improved our understanding of transcriptional regulation and regulatory variation.
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“Previous eQTL studies in genetically diverse populations suggest that the most significant eQTL tend to be local (Rockman and Kruglyak 2006; Pickrell et al. 2010; Aylor et al. 2011; Lappalainen et al. 2013).”
From RNA-Seq Alignment to Individualized Genomes Improves Transcript Abundance Estimates in Multiparent Populations (2014) · cites this paper as Rockman and Kruglyak 2006
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The genetics of plant metabolism
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“22" language="eng" relation="no"> A number of recent studies have shown that transcript levels vary among individuals of a species, and that genetic linkage analysis can be used to identify quantitative trait loci that influence the transcript levels of individual genes and groups of gene”
BackgroundSelf-citationKeurentjes, J. J. B., Fu, J., Terpstra, I. R., García, J. M., den Ackerveken, G. F. J. M. V., Snoek, B. L., Peeters, A. J. M., Vreugdenhil, D., Koornneef, M., & Jansen, R. C. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0610429104 · Cited by 338
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“Researchers have used GWASs and genotyping results combined with gene expression data to perform an analysis of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), to determine whether a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) from a GWAS is associated with altered expression of either local (cis-eQTL) or distant (trans-eQTL) ge…”
MethodThe evolution of fungal drug resistance: modulating the trajectory from genotype to phenotype.
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Effect of natural genetic variation on enhancer selection and function
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“single F2 cross between parents of different but compatible genetic backgrounds as reagents to map genetic interactions (15, 17, 42, 106).”
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“…depending on whether they co-localize with the physical position of the studied gene or are located elsewhere in the genome, respectively (Rockman and Kruglyak, 2006). eQTLs can also be classified as cis- or trans-acting based on the location of the associated causal polymorphism in the gene…”
BackgroundThe environmental contribution to gene expression profiles
Gibson, G. C. (2008) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg2383 · Cited by 250
“The potential of expression profiling to lead us to the genes and genetic pathways that are involved in a wide range of complex traits is further demonstrated by the application of genetical genomics”
BackgroundMethods for biological data integration: perspectives and challenges
Gligorijević, V., & Pržulj, N. (2015) · Journal of The Royal Society Interface · doi:10.1098/rsif.2015.0571 · Cited by 289
Reverse engineering the genotype–phenotype map with natural genetic variation
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“The use of natural genetic variation to probe the causal network that links genotype and phenotype has grown recently as large data sets have been generated for many experimental model species, crops and human”
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Cheung, V. G., & Spielman, R. S. (2009) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg2630 · Cited by 241
Molecular and evolutionary processes generating variation in gene expression
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“In this context, it is noteworthy that total gene expression mapping has been much more successful in mice and yeast for which the genetic heterogeneity is much lower and can be controlled (reviewed in [9,10,51]).”
BackgroundSystems biology in cardiovascular disease: a multiomics approach
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“Traditionally, the phenotypic effects of natural genetic variation have been studied via quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping (Mackay et al., 2009; Pickrell et al., 2010; Rockman and Kruglyak, 2006).”
BackgroundGenetic analysis of radiation-induced changes in human gene expression
Smirnov, D., Morley, M., Shin, E., Spielman, R., & Cheung, V. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07940 · Cited by 221
Ribosome profiling reveals post-transcriptional buffering of divergent gene expression in yeast
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“Consequently, evolution of gene regulation has been suggested as a major source of phenotypic diversity (Carroll 2005; Rockman and Kruglyak 2006).”
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“Studies of several model genetic organisms have demonstrated a great deal of heritability in patterns of gene expression (34, 37, 42, 93, 101).”
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Bloom, J. S., Khan, Z., Kruglyak, L., Singh, M., & Caudy, A. A. (2009) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/1471-2164-10-221 · Cited by 178
“Local linkages can be mechanistically explained by polymorphisms in promoters, 3' untranslated regions, or coding sequence [15].”
BackgroundSelf-citationWhat would you do if you could sequence everything?
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Transcript profiling in host-pathogen interactions.
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Ding, J., Gudjonsson, J. E., Liang, L., Stuart, P. E., Li, Y., Chen, W., Weichenthal, M., Ellinghaus, E., Franke, A., Cookson, W., et al. (2010) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.10.024 · Cited by 180
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“To take into account the imprecision of linkage, we define regulatory regions that are within 5 Mb of the target genes as proximal and those that are greater than 5 Mb or on another chromosome as distal to the target genes [20].”
BackgroundNatural selection on cis and trans regulation in yeastsPreprint
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“One promising approach to connect DNA sequence variation to phenotypic variation is analysis of gene expression QTL (eQTL) [33].”
BackgroundSelf-citationGenetic variation in MHC proteins is associated with T cell receptor expression biases
Sharon, E., Sibener, L. V., Battle, A. J., Fraser, H. B., García, K. C., & Pritchard, J. K. (2016) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3625 · Cited by 166
“Here, we address the question of how the host genotype influences the make-up of the TCR repertoire using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis 28 of a large human cohort 29 for which both RNA sequencing of peripheral blood and genotyping data are available (Fig.”
Sim, S., Jupatanakul, N., Ramirez, J. L., Kang, S., Romero-Vivas, C. M., Mohammed, H. P., & Dimopoulos, G. (2013) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002295 · Cited by 157
“Furthermore, a mutation in a regulatory locus can change the expression of numerous target genes (reviewed in [14]).”
BackgroundComparative Analysis of Gene Regulatory Networks: From Network Reconstruction to Evolution
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“…by profiling of RNA levels; and (e) expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analyses, which can link genetic changes to their effects on gene expression in cis or in trans (Brem 2002, Fraser et al. 2011, Göring et al. 2007, Majewski & Pastinen 2011, Rockman & Kruglyak 2006, Stranger & Raj 2013).”
BackgroundDumas, M., Wilder, S. P., Bihoreau, M., Barton, R. H., Fearnside, J., Argoud, K., D’Amato, L., Wallis, R. H., Blancher, C., Keun, H. C., et al. (2007) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng2026 · Cited by 151
Evolutionary Tinkering with Conserved Components of a Transcriptional Regulatory Network
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Towards the identification of the loci of adaptive evolution
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“WhenDNA variation associated with phenotypic change does not occur in protein-coding regions, examining the expression pattern of genes provides an important complementary method to test for regulatory change (Rockman & Kruglyak 2006; Hoekstra & Coyne 2007; Hofmann et al. 2009).”
MethodTaylor, D. L., Jackson, A., Narisu, N., Hemani, G., Erdos, M. R., Chines, P. S., Swift, A. J., Idol, J., Didion, J. P., Welch, R., et al. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1814263116 · Cited by 159
Detection and interpretation of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL)
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eQED: an efficient method for interpreting eQTL associations using protein networks
Suthram, S., Beyer, A., Karp, R. M., Eldar, Y. C., & Ideker, T. (2008) · Molecular Systems Biology · doi:10.1038/msb.2008.4 · Cited by 130
“Two of the core challenges (Rockman and Kruglyak, 2006; Schadt and Lum, 2006) in understanding and explaining eQTL associations are (1) Fine mapping : Due to the spacing of genetic markers and/ or linkage disequilibrium, several genes can reside near each marker.”
BackgroundSequence Polymorphisms Cause Many False cis eQTLs
Alberts, R., Terpstra, P., Li, Y., Breitling, R., Nap, J., & Jansen, R. (2007) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000622 · Cited by 142
“is said to be a local eQTL if it is on or near the genomic position of the gene, or distant if it is located elsewhere [2].”
BackgroundGenetics of single-cell protein abundance variation in large yeast populations
Albert, F. W., Treusch, S., Shockley, A. H., Bloom, J. S., & Kruglyak, L. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12904 · Cited by 141
Self-citationEvolution at two levels of gene expression in yeast
Artieri, C. G., & Fraser, H. B. (2014) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.165522.113 · Cited by 138
“More recently, a major focus of modern evolutionary genetics has been to understand the molecular basis of regulatory variation within and between species (Carroll 2005; Rockman and Kruglyak 2006).”
BackgroundGenetic Architecture of Transcript-Level Variation in Humans
Duan, S., Huang, R. S., Zhang, W., Bleibel, W. K., Roe, C. A., Clark, T. A., Chen, T. X., Schweitzer, A. C., Blume, J. E., Cox, N. J., et al. (2008) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.03.006 · Cited by 131
“Moreover, transcriptional-expression differences can be mapped to one or more segments of DNA close to or distant from the genomic location of the gene.(3) These segments of DNA, referred to as expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), or expression quantitative nucleotides (eQTNs) at the level of the individual pol…”
BackgroundGenome-wide gene expression regulation as a function of genotype and age in C. elegansPreprint
Viñuela, A., Snoek, B. L., Riksen, J. A. G., & Kammenga, J. E. (2010) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.102160.109 · Cited by 118
“Genetic mapping of gene expression regulatory loci (eQTL) provides a means to address this problem (Jansen and Nap 2001; Rockman and Kruglyak 2006). eQTL can be cis- or trans-acting, reflecting local and distant regulation of gene expression, respec- tively.”
BackgroundThe Molecularization of Public Sector Crop Breeding: Progress, Problems, and Prospects
Dwivedi, S. L., Crouch, J. H., Mackill, D. J., Xu, Y., Blair, M. W., Ragot, M., Upadhyaya, H. D., & Ortiz, R. O. (2007) · Advances in agronomy · doi:10.1016/s0065-2113(07)95003-8 · Cited by 158
Metabolomic prediction of yield in hybrid rice
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“Previously, microarray data were analyzed largely in relation to 77 genomic data, called eQTL mapping (Bing and Hoeschele 2005, Keurentjes et al. 2007, 78 Rockman and Kruglyak 2006, Wang et al. 2014, West et al. 2007).”
MethodA Statistical Framework for eQTL Mapping Using RNA‐seq Data
Sun, W. (2011) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.1541-0420.2011.01654.x · Cited by 121
“This trend was expected, because generally cis -eQTL affected the expression more directly than trans -eQTL, which often involved some other proteins (Rockman and Kruglyak, 2006), hence cis -eQTLs tended to have stronger effects.”
BackgroundMapping, Fine Mapping, and Molecular Dissection of Quantitative Trait Loci in Domestic Animals
Georges, M. (2007) · Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev.genom.8.080706.092408 · Cited by 132
“One possible explanation for a local eQTL is a cis-acting regulatory mutation that directly controls the transcript level of the corresponding gene, whereas a distant eQTL necessarily implies a trans-acting molecular mechanism (47, 82).”
BackgroundThe human Major Histocompatibility Complex as a paradigm in genomics research
Vandiedonck, C., & Knight, J. C. (2009) · Briefings in Functional Genomics and Proteomics · doi:10.1093/bfgp/elp010 · Cited by 125
Künstner, A., Wolf, J. B. W., Backström, N., Whitney, O., Balakrishnan, C. N., Day, L. B., Edwards, S. V., Janes, D. E., Schlinger, B. A., Wilson, R. K., et al. (2010) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04487.x · Cited by 110
“…a few examples, gene expression (transcriptome) profiling has helped to reveal how variation in gene regulation can be tied to phenotypic variation (Rockman & Kruglyak 2006), the use of genome-wide sets of genetic markers have greatly facilitated mapping of trait loci in pedigrees (linkage…”
The effects of genetic variation on gene expression dynamics during development
Francesconi, M., & Lehner, B. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12772 · Cited by 113
Integrated study of copy number states and genotype calls using high-density SNP arrays
Sun, W., Wright, F. A., Tang, Z.-Z., Nord, S., Loo, P. V., Yu, T., Kristensen, V. N., & Perou, C. M. (2009) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkp493 · Cited by 121
“For example, gene expression quantitative trait loci studies have attracted many research interests recently (41).”
BackgroundPromoter architecture and the evolvability of gene expression
Tirosh, I., Barkai, N., & Verstrepen, K. J. (2009) · Journal of Biology · doi:10.1186/jbiol204 · Cited by 109
“Two approaches have been used to distinguish the effects of cis and trans mutations on gene expression on a genomic scale: genetical genomics [51,53] and analysis of hybrid species [15,54].”
MethodRenaut, S., Nolte, A. W., & Bernatchez, L. (2009) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msp017 · Cited by 108
Schröder, A., Klein, K., Winter, S., Schwab, M. G., Bonin, M., Zell, A., & Zanger, U. M. (2011) · The Pharmacogenomics Journal · doi:10.1038/tpj.2011.44 · Cited by 105
The influence of genetic variation on gene expressionPreprint
Williams, R. B. H., Chan, E. K. F., Cowley, M. J., & Little, P. (2007) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.6981507 · Cited by 116
“We draw attention to recent reviews from Rockman and Kruglyak (2006) and Gibson and Weir (2005), as well as a special issue of Mammalian Genome (June 2006), which contains several review articles on more specialized aspects of this field.”
BackgroundKeurentjes, J. J. B., Sulpice, R., Gibon, Y., Steinhauser, M.-C., Fu, J., Koornneef, M., Stitt, M., & Vreugdenhil, D. (2008) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2008-9-8-r129 · Cited by 124
“Locally observed eQTLs indicate that regulation occurs in cis, whereas distant eQTLs suggests regulation to occur in trans [44].”
Systems genetics analysis of gene-by-environment interactions in human cells
Romanoski, C. E., Lee, S., Kim, M. J., Ingram-Drake, L., Plaisier, C. L., Yordanova, R., Tilford, C., Guan, B., He, A., Gargalovic, P. S., et al. (2010) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.02.002 · Cited by 111
Contrasting Frequencies and Effects ofcis- andtrans-Regulatory Mutations Affecting Gene Expression
Metzger, B. P. H., Duveau, F., Yuan, D. C., Tryban, S., Yang, B., & Wittkopp, P. J. (2016) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msw011 · Cited by 114
“In particular, identification of the specific genetic loci responsible for variation in gene expression has revealed differences in both the relative frequency and average effects of cis - and trans -acting loci (Gibson and Weir 2005; Rockman and Kruglyak 2006; Gilad et al. 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialGenetic Variation Shapes Protein Networks Mainly through Non-transcriptional Mechanisms
Foss, E. J., Radulovic, D., Shaffer, S. A., Goodlett, D. R., Kruglyak, L., & Bedalov, A. (2011) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001144 · Cited by 108
“Consistent with numerous reports in both this collection of yeast strains and other populations [32–34], we find that at the transcript level, cis regulation of the 354 genes in this study is relatively common (Figure 5): at 1% FDR, we map regulators of 170 transcripts, 22 of which act in cis.”
ResultSelf-citationThe genomic determinants of genotype × environment interactions in gene expression
Grishkevich, V., & Yanai, I. (2013) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2013.05.006 · Cited by 107
Genetic architecture of regulatory variation in Arabidopsis thalianaPreprint
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“Transacting polymorphisms are located elsewhere in the genome and affect the transcript abundance of both alleles of the target gene (Rockman and Kruglyak 2006).”
Expression Quantitative Trait Loci Are Highly Sensitive to Cellular Differentiation State
Gerrits, A., Li, Y., Tesson, B. M., Bystrykh, L. V., Weersing, E., Ausema, A., Dontje, B., Wang, X., Breitling, R., Jansen, R. C., et al. (2009) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000692 · Cited by 95
“, those that map near (less than 10 Mb from) the gene which encodes the transcript (local) and those that map elsewhere in the genome (distant) [15].”
Expression Quantitative Trait Loci: Replication, Tissue- and Sex-Specificity in Mice
van Nas, A., Ingram-Drake, L. A., Sinsheimer, J. S., Wang, S. S., Schadt, E. E., Drake, T. A., & Lusis, A. J. (2010) · Genetics · doi:10.1534/genetics.110.116087 · Cited by 98
“…of gene expression provides a useful form of functional variation for positional cloning and can facilitate the modeling of causal interactions and biologic networks (Schadt et al. 2005; Ghazalpour et al. 2006; Rockman and Kruglyak 2006; Cookson et al. 2009; Montgomery and Dermitzakis 2009).”
BackgroundExpression Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping With Multivariate Sparse Partial Least Squares Regression
Chun, H., & Keleş, S. (2009) · Genetics · doi:10.1534/genetics.109.100362 · Cited by 97
“The minimization problem in (2), with an updated M in step 2.1, can allow a set of variables to be admitted to the active set A simultaneously in step 2.2.”
BackgroundInfluentialA sex-linked supergene controls sperm morphology and swimming speed in a songbird
Kim, K.-W., Bennison, C., Hemmings, N., Brookes, L. M., Hurley, L. L., Griffith, S. C., Burke, T. A., Birkhead, T. R., & Slate, J. (2017) · Nature Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0235-2 · Cited by 95
Genomic Networks of Hybrid Sterility
Turner, L. M., White, M. A., Tautz, D., & Payseur, B. A. (2014) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004162 · Cited by 90
“These proximal eQTL are likely to be cis regulatory elements [33,35].”
BackgroundSchaefke, B., Emerson, J. J., Wang, T., Lu, M. J., Hsieh, L., & Li, W. (2013) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/mst114 · Cited by 92
“…reliably distinguish between cis- and trans-acting elements, as a trans regulator also can be located on the same chromosome in close proximity to the target gene, and a cis regulatory element (e.g., an enhancer) can be distantly located from it (Rockman and Kruglyak 2006; Emerson and Li 2010).”
BackgroundGruber, J. D., Vogel, K. R., Kalay, G., & Wittkopp, P. J. (2012) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002497 · Cited by 93
“The relative contribution of cis- and trans-acting mutations to polymorphic and divergent gene expression has also been examined in a variety of species, either using genetic mapping or allele-specific expression to infer changes in cis- and trans-regulation (reviewed by [14,54–56]).”
BackgroundGresham, D., Boer, V. M., Caudy, A. A., Ziv, N., Brandt, N., Storey, J. D., & Botstein, D. (2010) · Genetics · doi:10.1534/genetics.110.120766 · Cited by 75
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“common genetic variation between individuals influences gene expression [1, 2].”
BackgroundWhy the activity of a gene depends on its neighbors
Feuerborn, A., & Cook, P. R. (2015) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2015.07.001 · Cited by 91
Rey, S., Boltaña, S., Vargas, R., Roher, N., & MacKenzie, S. A. (2013) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/mec.12556 · Cited by 81
“However, this view, that is, reduction of expression heterogeneity has been challenged on numerous occasions and is counterintuitive if the aim is to understand adaptive phenotypic variation (Raser & O’Shea 2005; Rockman & Kruglyak 2006; Leek & Storey 2007; Mar et al. 2011).”
BackgroundGenetic Influences on Translation in Yeast
Albert, F. W., Muzzey, D., Weissman, J. S., & Kruglyak, L. (2014) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004692 · Cited by 72
“Differences in gene expression between individuals can be caused by genetic variants that act in cis or by variants that act in trans [2].”
BackgroundSelf-citationeQTL Mapping Using RNA-seq Data
Sun, W., & Hu, Y. (2012) · Statistics in Biosciences · doi:10.1007/s12561-012-9068-3 · Cited by 82
“trans-eQTLs based on the ASE patterns [63].”
Munger, S. C., Raghupathy, N., Choi, K., Simons, A. K., Gatti, D. M., Hinerfeld, D. A., Svenson, K. L., Keller, M. P., Attie, A. D., Hibbs, M. A., et al. (2014) · Genetics · doi:10.1534/genetics.114.165886 · Cited by 85
“Previous eQTL studies in genetically diverse populations suggest that the most significant eQTL tend to be local (Rockman and Kruglyak 2006; Pickrell et al. 2010; Aylor et al. 2011; Lappalainen et al. 2013).”
BackgroundBlood transcriptomics and metabolomics for personalized medicine
Li, S., Todor, A., & Luo, R. (2015) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2015.10.005 · Cited by 86
“For instance, transcriptomics data can be associated with genomic QTLs (quantitative trait loci) and denoted as expression QTL or “eQTL” [14,90].”
BackgroundInherited Variation in Gene Expression
Skelly, D. A., Ronald, J., & Akey, J. M. (2009) · Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genom-082908-150121 · Cited by 78
“Perlstein EO, Ruderfer DM, Ramachandran G, Haggarty SJ, Kruglyak L, Schreiber SL. 2006.”
BackgroundInfluentialZhang, Y., Yang, Z., He, Y., Liu, D., Liu, Y., Liang, C., Xie, M., Jia, Y., Ke, Q., Zhou, Y., et al. (2024) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-024-01957-7 · Cited by 91
“3–6), we can expand many examples based on Supplementary Tables 12 and 18.”
Cooley, A. M., Modliszewski, J. L., Rommel, M. L., & Willis, J. H. (2011) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.03.028 · Cited by 78
“regulation [12].”
High resolution mapping of expression QTLs in heterogeneous stock mice in multiple tissuesPreprint
Huang, G., Shifman, S., Valdar, W. S. J., Johannesson, M., Yalcin, B., Taylor, M. S., Taylor, J. M., Mott, R., & Flint, J. (2009) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.088120.108 · Cited by 73
“These studies show that variation in transcript abundance arises from expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) that can be classified as either local (cis-eQTLs) or distant (trans-eQTLs) regulatory variants (Rockman and Kruglyak 2006).”
BackgroundIdentification of allele-specific alternative mRNA processing via transcriptome sequencing
Li, G., Bahn, J. H., Lee, J., Peng, G., Chen, Z., Nelson, S. F., & Xiao, X. G. (2012) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gks280 · Cited by 78
“107 626 587 53 162 291 (49) 43 538 740 (40) 1 637 731 (2) 3 312 997 (3) 5 974 828 (6)”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Rockman, M. V., & Kruglyak, L.
- Affiliations
- Princeton University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kruglyak, Leonid
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Genetics
- Published
- 2006-11
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 862-872
- ISSN
- 1471-0056 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-0064
- OpenAlex
- W2040912377
- Cited by
- 666
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 41
- FWCI
- 4.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- James S. McDonnell Foundation
- Jane Coffin Childs Memorial Fund for Medical Research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Keywords
- global gene expression, mRNA levels, quantitative traits, transcriptional regulation, regulatory variation, DNA sequence variation, phenotypic variability, gene expression microarrays, linkage analysis, association analysis
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Fungal Proteins, Genetic Techniques, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Transcription, Genetic, Genetic Variation, Yeasts, Gene Expression, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Quantitative Trait Loci
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