The TIM gene family: emerging roles in immunity and disease
Abstract
The search for cell-surface markers that can distinguish T helper 1 (T(H)1) cells from T(H)2 cells has led to the identification of a new gene family, encoding the T-cell immunoglobulin mucin (TIM) proteins, some of which are differentially expressed by T(H)1 and T(H)2 cells. The role of the TIM-family proteins in immune regulation is just beginning to emerge. Here, we describe the various TIM-family members in mice and humans, and discuss the genetic and functional evidence for their role in regulating autoimmune and allergic diseases.
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Neisseria meningitidis rapidly induced ferritin degradation by activation of the autophagy system, allowing meningococci replication in infected epithelial cells.
“The gram-negative diplococcus, Neisseria meningitidis, rapidly induced ferritin degradation by the activation of the autophagy system, which allows meningococci replication in infected epithelial cells (173).”
From Intracellular iron transport and storage: from molecular mechanisms to health implications (2008) · cites this paper as [173]
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T Cell Ig Mucin-3 Promotes Homeostasis of Sepsis by Negatively Regulating the TLR Response
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Tim-3 expression and its role in hepatocellular carcinoma
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Soluble Form of T Cell Ig Mucin 3 Is an Inhibitory Molecule in T Cell-Mediated Immune Response
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New roles for TIM family members in immune regulation
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Self-citationTIM-1, a novel allergy and asthma susceptibility gene
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Self-citationTim-2 regulates T helper type 2 responses and autoimmunity
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Self-citationTIM-3 Regulates Distinct Functions in Macrophages
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Immunoglobulin superfamily receptors in protochordates: before RAG time
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Validation of putative genomic biomarkers of nephrotoxicity in rats
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Kidney Injury Molecule 1 (KIM-1): a Multifunctional Glycoprotein and Biological Marker (Review)
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TIM Family of Genes in Immunity and Tolerance
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Self-citationCellular and mitochondrial iron homeostasis in vertebrates
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Molecular signatures of T-cell inhibition in HIV-1 infection
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TIM-4 Expressed on APCs Induces T Cell Expansion and Survival
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Regulation of immune cell responses by semaphorins and their receptors
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Tim-3 Negatively Regulates IL-12 Expression by Monocytes in HCV Infection
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Th1/Th2 cells in inflammatory disease states: therapeutic implications
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Iron Uptake Mediated by Binding of H-Ferritin to the TIM-2 Receptor in Mouse Cells
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TIM-family proteins inhibit HIV-1 release
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TIM-1 Mediates Dystroglycan-Independent Entry of Lassa Virus
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Host controls of HIV broadly neutralizing antibody development
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Extracellular Vesicles and Tumor-Immune Escape: Biological Functions and Clinical Perspectives
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Expression of Human TIM‐1 and TIM‐3 on Lymphocytes from Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients
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Role of TIM-4 in exosome-dependent entry of HIV-1 into human immune cells
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IP-10 and Type 1 Diabetes: A Question of Time and Location
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- Authors
- Kuchroo, V. K., Umetsu, D. T., DeKruyff, R. H., & Freeman, G. J.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kuchroo, Vijay K.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Immunology
- Published
- 2003-06
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 454-462
- ISSN
- 1474-1733 (ISSN-L)
- 1474-1741
- OpenAlex
- W1973879517
- Cited by
- 388
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 2.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Cell Adhesion Molecules Research
- Keywords
- Th1 cells, Th2 cells, cell surface markers, immune regulation, autoimmune disease, allergic diseases
- MeSH terms
- Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1, Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2, Animals, Asthma, Autoimmune Diseases, Humans, Genetic Linkage, Macrophage Activation, Membrane Proteins, Polymorphism, Genetic, Receptors, Virus, Interleukin-4, Th1 Cells, Th2 Cells, Mice
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