Cited by 3,066Antimicrobial Peptides and ActivitiesInvertebrate Immune Response MechanismsImmune Response and Inflammation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 162 of the 163 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Defensins: antimicrobial peptides of innate immunity

Ganz, Tomas·2003·Nature Reviews Immunology

DOI 10.1038/nri1180

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The production of natural antibiotic peptides has emerged as an important mechanism of innate immunity in plants and animals. Defensins are diverse members of a large family of antimicrobial peptides, contributing to the antimicrobial action of granulocytes, mucosal host defence in the small intestine and epithelial host defence in the skin and elsewhere. This review, inspired by a spate of recent studies of defensins in human diseases and animal models, focuses on the biological function of defensins.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/nri1180

Cites

162 of 162 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

1 retracted

Contribution of Human α-Defensin 1, 2, and 3 to the Anti-HIV-1 Activity of CD8 Antiviral Factor
Zhang, L., Yu, W., Tian, H., Yu, J., Caffrey, R., Dalmasso, E. A., Fu, S., Pham, T., Mei, J., Ho, J. J., et al. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1076185 · Cited by 468
Retracted
Mechanism of the binding, insertion and destabilization of phospholipid bilayer membranes by α-helical antimicrobial and cell non-selective membrane-lytic peptides
Shai, Y. (1999) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/s0005-2736(99)00200-x · Cited by 1,904
β-Defensins: Linking Innate and Adaptive Immunity Through Dendritic and T Cell CCR6
Yang, D., Chertov, O., Bykovskaia, S. N., Chen, Q., Buffo, M. J., Shogan, J., Anderson, M., Schröder, J. M., Wang, J. M., Howard, O. M. Z., et al. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.286.5439.525 · Cited by 1,809
Defensins. Natural peptide antibiotics of human neutrophils.
Ganz, T., Selsted, M. E., Szklarek, D., Harwig, S. S. L., Daher, K. A., Bainton, D. F., & Lehrer, R. I. (1985) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci112120 · Cited by 1,416
Self-citation
A peptide antibiotic from human skin
Harder, J., Bartels, J., Christophers, E., & Schröder, J. ‐. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/43088 · Cited by 1,365
Isolation and Characterization of Human μ-Defensin-3, a Novel Human Inducible Peptide Antibiotic
Harder, J., Bartels, J., Christophers, E., & Schröder, J. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m008557200 · Cited by 1,309
Innate antimicrobial peptide protects the skin from invasive bacterial infection
Nizet, V., Ohtake, T., Lauth, X., Trowbridge, J., Rudisill, J., Dorschner, R. A., Pestonjamasp, V., Piraino, J., Huttner, K., & Gallo, R. L. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35106587 · Cited by 1,198
Evidence for Periciliary Liquid Layer Depletion, Not Abnormal Ion Composition, in the Pathogenesis of Cystic Fibrosis Airways Disease
Matsui, H., Grubb, B. R., Tarran, R., Randell, S. H., Gatzy, J. T., Davis, C. W., & Boucher, R. C. (1998) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81724-9 · Cited by 1,168
Regulation of Intestinal α-Defensin Activation by the Metalloproteinase Matrilysin in Innate Host Defense
Wilson, C. L., Ouellette, A. J., Satchell, D. P., Ayabe, T., López-Boado, Y. S., Stratman, J. L., Hultgren, S. J., Matrisian, L. M., & Parks, W. C. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.286.5437.113 · Cited by 1,076
Secretion of microbicidal α-defensins by intestinal Paneth cells in response to bacteria
Ayabe, T., Satchell, D. P., Wilson, C. L., Parks, W. C., Selsted, M. E., & Ouellette, A. J. (2000) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/77783 · Cited by 1,060

Show all 163 references

Sorted by citations

Items 401–500 of 1,008

Bis-(3′-5′)-Cyclic Dimeric GMP Regulates Antimicrobial Peptide Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Chua, S. L., Tan, S. Y.-Y., Rybtke, M. T., Chen, Y., Rice, S. A., Kjelleberg, S. J., Tolker‐Nielsen, T., Yang, L., & Givskov, M. (2013) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.02499-12 · Cited by 111
Inflammation and Cancer: Is the Link as Simple as We Think?
Nickoloff, B. J., Ben-Neriah, Y., & Pikarsky, E. (2005) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.0022-202x.2005.23724.x · Cited by 110
Synergistic Effects of Antimicrobial Peptides and Antibiotics against Clostridium difficile
Nuding, S., Frasch, T., Schaller, M., Stange, E. F., & Zabel, L. T. (2014) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.02542-14 · Cited by 114
Visualizing Attack of Escherichia coli by the Antimicrobial Peptide Human Defensin 5
Chileveru, H. R., Lim, S. A., Chairatana, P., Wommack, A. J., Chiang, I.-L., & Nolan, E. M. (2015) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi501483q · Cited by 110
Defensins, lectins, mucins, and secretory immunoglobulin A: microbe-binding biomolecules that contribute to mucosal immunity in the human gut
Chairatana, P., & Nolan, E. M. (2016) · Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1080/10409238.2016.1243654 · Cited by 114
B Cell-Intrinsic MyD88 Signaling Prevents the Lethal Dissemination of Commensal Bacteria during Colonic Damage
Kirkland, D., Benson, A., Mirpuri, J., Pifer, R., Hou, B., DeFranco, A. L., & Yarovinsky, F. (2012) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2011.11.019 · Cited by 109
An intimate link between antimicrobial peptide sequence diversity and binding to essential components of bacterial membranes
Schmitt, P., Rosa, R. D., & Destoumieux‐Garzón, D. (2015) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.10.011 · Cited by 110
Thinking Outside the Bug: Molecular Targets and Strategies to Overcome Antibiotic Resistance
Monserrat‐Martinez, A., Gambin, Y., & Sierecki, E. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20061255 · Cited by 116
Protease-Activated Receptor Signaling Increases Epithelial Antimicrobial Peptide Expression
Chung, W. O., Hansen, S. R., Rao, D. K., & Dale, B. A. (2004) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.173.8.5165 · Cited by 109
Innate immune defence in the human gastrointestinal tract
Dommett, R. M., Zilbauer, M., George, J. T., & Bajaj‐Elliott, M. (2005) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2004.12.004 · Cited by 109
α-Defensins in Enteric Innate Immunity
Mastroianni, J. R., & Ouellette, A. J. (2009) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m109.050773 · Cited by 109
Cathelicidins and functional analogues as antisepsis molecules
Mookherjee, N., Rehaume, L. M., & Hancock, R. E. W. (2007) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1517/14728222.11.8.993 · Cited by 109
Microbiome, sex hormones, and immune responses in the reproductive tract: Challenges for vaccine development against sexually transmitted infections
Brotman, R. M., Ravel, J., Bavoil, P. M., Gravitt, P. E., & Ghanem, K. G. (2013) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.10.010 · Cited by 112
Antimicrobial peptides are degraded by the cytosolic proteases of human erythrocytes
Starr, C. G., & Wimley, W. C. (2017) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.09.008 · Cited by 108
Mechanisms of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions: Recent Advances
Bellón, T. (2019) · Drug Safety · doi:10.1007/s40264-019-00825-2 · Cited by 113
Respiratory Virus Co-infection in Acute Respiratory Infections in Children
Meskill, S. D., & O’Bryant, S. C. (2020) · Current Infectious Disease Reports · doi:10.1007/s11908-020-0711-8 · Cited by 114
Differential Regulation of β-Defensin Gene Expression duringCryptosporidium parvumInfection
Zaalouk, T. K., Bajaj‐Elliott, M., George, J. T., & McDonald, V. (2004) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.72.5.2772-2779.2004 · Cited by 108
Respiratory epithelial cells require Toll-like receptor 4 for induction of Human β-defensin 2 by Lipopolysaccharide
MacRedmond, R. E., Greene, C. M., Taggart, C. C., McElvaney, N. G., & O'Neill, S. J. (2005) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/1465-9921-6-116 · Cited by 109
Human variability in innate immunity
Kinane, D. F., Demuth, D. R., Gorr, S., Hajishengallis, G., & Martin, M. H. (2007) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0757.2007.00220.x · Cited by 110
Antiinflammatory peptides: current knowledge and promising prospects
Dadar, M., Shahali, Y., Chakraborty, S., Prasad, M., Tahoori, F., Tiwari, R., & Dhama, K. (2018) · Inflammation Research · doi:10.1007/s00011-018-1208-x · Cited by 107
Genetics of Psoriasis: Evidence for Epistatic Interaction between Skin Barrier Abnormalities and Immune Deviation
Bergboer, J. G. M., Zeeuwen, P. L. J. M., & Schalkwijk, J. (2012) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2012.167 · Cited by 109
α-defensins block the early steps of HIV-1 infection: interference with the binding of gp120 to CD4
Furci, L., Sironi, F. M., Tolazzi, M., Vassena, L., & Lusso, P. (2006) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2006-05-024489 · Cited by 107
Distinct Defensin Profiles inNeisseria gonorrhoeaeandChlamydia trachomatisUrethritis Reveal Novel Epithelial Cell-Neutrophil Interactions
Porter, E. M., Yang, H., Yavagal, S., Preza, G. C., Murillo, O., Lima, H., Greene, S. J., Mahoozi, L., Klein-Patel, M. E., Diamond, G., et al. (2005) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.73.8.4823-4833.2005 · Cited by 107
Self-citation
Pathogenesis of NEC: Role of the innate and adaptive immune response
Denning, T. L., Bhatia, A. M., Kane, A. F., Patel, R. M., & Denning, P. W. (2016) · Seminars in Perinatology · doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2016.09.014 · Cited by 110
Antimicrobial Peptides in Human Sepsis
Märtin, L., van Meegern, A., Doemming, S., & Schuerholz, T. (2015) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00404 · Cited by 106
How Nature Morphs Peptide Scaffolds into Antibiotics
Nolan, E. M., & Walsh, C. T. (2008) · ChemBioChem · doi:10.1002/cbic.200800438 · Cited by 106
Vitamin D signaling in intestinal innate immunity and homeostasis
Dimitrov, V., & White, J. H. (2017) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2017.04.010 · Cited by 108
Immunity, immunomodulation, and antibiotic alternatives to maximize the genetic potential of poultry for growth and disease response
Kim, W. H., & Lillehoj, H. S. (2018) · Animal Feed Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.09.016 · Cited by 106
Antimicrobial Peptides: Potential Application in Liver Cancer
Zhang, C., Yang, M. J., & Ericsson, A. C. (2019) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.01257 · Cited by 106
The Critical Role of Cell Metabolism for Essential Neutrophil Functions
Curi, R., Levada‐Pires, A. C., da Silva, E. B., Poma, S. D. O., Zambonatto, R. F., Domenech, P., de Almeida, M. M., Gritte, R. B., Souza‐Siqueira, T., Gorjão, R., et al. (2020) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.33594/000000245 · Cited by 111
Innate immune recognition at the epithelial barrier drives adaptive immunity: APCs take the back seat
Fritz, J. H., Bourhis, L. L., Magalhaes, J. G., & Philpott, D. J. (2007) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2007.10.002 · Cited by 106
Toll-like receptor 2 is critical for induction of Reg3β expression and intestinal clearance of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Dessein, R., Gironella, M., Vignal, C., Peyrin‐Biroulet, L., Sokol, H., Sécher, T., Lacas‐Gervais, S., Gratadoux, J.-J., Lafont, F., Dagorn, J.-C., et al. (2009) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.2008.168443 · Cited by 106
Innate Immunity of the Gut: Mucosal Defense in Health and Disease
Yuan, Q., & Walker, W. A. (2004) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/00005176-200405000-00001 · Cited by 109
Klebsiella pneumoniae Capsule Polysaccharide Impedes the Expression of β-Defensins by Airway Epithelial Cells
Moranta, D., Regueiro, V., March, C., Llobet, E., Margareto, J., Larrate, E., Garmendia, J., & Bengoechea, J. A. (2009) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.00940-09 · Cited by 112
Evolutionary origin of β-defensins
Zhu, S., & Gao, B. (2012) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2012.02.011 · Cited by 105
Novel Synthetic, Salt-Resistant Analogs of Human Beta-Defensins 1 and 3 Endowed with Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity
Scudiero, O., Galdiero, S., Cantisani, M., Noto, R. D., Vitiello, M., Galdiero, M., Naclerio, G., Cassiman, J., Pedone, C., Castaldo, G., et al. (2010) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.01550-09 · Cited by 105
Heat stress decreases expression of the cytokines, avian β-defensins 4 and 6 and Toll-like receptor 2 in broiler chickens infected with Salmonella Enteritidis
Quinteiro-Filho, W. M., Calefi, A. S., Cruz, D. S. G., Aloia, T. P. A., Zager, A., Astolfi‐Ferreira, C. S., Ferreira, J. A. P., Sharif, S., & Palermo‐Neto, J. (2017) · Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology · doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.02.006 · Cited by 105
Antiviral Activities of Human Host Defense Peptides
Brice, D. C., & Diamond, G. (2019) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0929867326666190805151654 · Cited by 109
Antimicrobial functionalized genetically engineered spider silk
Gomes, S. C. V., Leonor, I. B., Mano, J. F., Reis, R. L., & Kaplan, D. L. (2011) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.02.040 · Cited by 105
Human tear proteomics and peptidomics in ophthalmology: Toward the translation of proteomic biomarkers into clinical practice
Azkargorta, M., Soria, J. M., Acera, A., Iloro, I., & Elortza, F. (2016) · Journal of Proteomics · doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2016.05.006 · Cited by 104
Minor snake venom proteins: Structure, function and potential applications
Boldrini-França, J., Cologna, C. T., Pucca, M. B., Bordon, K. D. C. F., Amorim, F. G., Anjolette, F. A. P., Cordeiro, F. A., Wiezel, G. A., Cerni, F. A., Pinheiro-Júnior, E. L., et al. (2016) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.12.022 · Cited by 104
Genome-Wide Analysis on Inbreeding Effects on Gene Expression in Drosophila melanogaster
Kristensen, T. N., Sørensen, P. B., Kruhøffer, M., Pedersen, K. S., & Loeschcke, V. (2005) · Genetics · doi:10.1534/genetics.104.039610 · Cited by 104
Expression and Function of Host Defense Peptides at Inflammation Sites
Prasad, S. V., Fiedoruk, K., Daniluk, T., Piktel, E., & Bucki, R. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21010104 · Cited by 103
REVIEW ARTICLE: Antimicrobial Polypeptides are Key Anti‐HIV‐1 Effector Molecules of Cervicovaginal Host Defense
Cole, A. M., & Cole, A. L. (2007) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.2007.00561.x · Cited by 103
Systems biology evaluation of immune responses induced by human host defence peptide LL-37 in mononuclear cells
Mookherjee, N., Hamill, P., Gardy, J. L., Blimkie, D., Falsafi, R., Chikatamarla, A., Arenillas, D. J., Doria, S., Kollmann, T. R., & Hancock, R. E. W. (2009) · Molecular BioSystems · doi:10.1039/b813787k · Cited by 110
Neutrophil elastase inhibitors
Groutas, W. C., Dou, D., & Alliston, K. R. (2011) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents · doi:10.1517/13543776.2011.551115 · Cited by 103
Synthesis and characterization of human α ‐defensins 4‐6
Wu, Z., Ericksen, B., Tucker, K. D., Lubkowski, J. T., & Lu, W. (2004) · Journal of Peptide Research · doi:10.1111/j.1399-3011.2004.00179.x · Cited by 103
Paneth cell α-defensin 6 (HD-6) is an antimicrobial peptide
Schroeder, B. O., Ehmann, D., Precht, J. C., Castillo, P. A., Küchler, R., Berger, J., Schaller, M., Stange, E. F., & Wehkamp, J. (2014) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1038/mi.2014.100 · Cited by 105
Immunomodulatory peptides—A promising source for novel functional food production and drug discovery
Pavlićević, M., Marmiroli, N., & Maestri, E. (2021) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170696 · Cited by 104
Lipopolysaccharide, a Key Molecule Involved in the Synergism between Temporins in Inhibiting Bacterial Growth and in Endotoxin Neutralization
Mangoni, M. L., Epand, R. F., Rosenfeld, Y., Peleg, A., Barra, D., Epand, R. M., & Shai, Y. (2008) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m800495200 · Cited by 102
A 24-48 h fed Amblyomma americanum tick saliva immuno-proteome
Radulović, Ž. M., Kim, T. K., Porter, L., Sze, S., Lewis, L., & Mulenga, A. (2014) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-518 · Cited by 101
Antimicrobial Host Defence Peptides: Immunomodulatory Functions and Translational Prospects
van der Does, A. M., Hiemstra, P. S., & Mookherjee, N. (2019) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-3588-4_10 · Cited by 105
Role of Cysteine Residues and Disulfide Bonds in the Activity of a Legume Root Nodule-specific, Cysteine-rich Peptide
Haag, A. F., Kerscher, B., Dall’Angelo, S., Sani, M., Longhi, R., Baloban, M., Wilson, H. M., Mergaert, P., Zanda, M., & Ferguson, G. P. (2012) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.311316 · Cited by 101
Antiviral effects of β-defensin derived from orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides)
Guo, M., Wei, J., Huang, X., Huang, Y., & Qin, Q. (2012) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2012.02.005 · Cited by 102
Circadian oscillation of innate immunity components in mouse small intestine
Froy, O., & Chapnik, N. (2006) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2006.09.026 · Cited by 103
Overview of Drosophila immunity: a historical perspective.
Imler, J. (2014) · Developmental and Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2013.08.018 · Cited by 99
Colonic MUC2 mucin regulates the expression and antimicrobial activity of β-defensin 2
Cobo, E. R., Kissoon‐Singh, V., Moreau, F., & Chadee, K. (2015) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1038/mi.2015.27 · Cited by 100
Human defensins activate monocyte-derived dendritic cells, promote the production of proinflammatory cytokines, and up-regulate the surface expression of CD91
Presicce, P., Giannelli, S., Taddeo, A., Villa, M. L., & Bella, S. D. (2009) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.0708412 · Cited by 100
The interaction of nutrient uptake with biotic and abiotic stresses in plants
Wang, L., Ju, C., Han, C., Yu, Z., Bai, M., & Wang, C. (2025) · Journal of Integrative Plant Biology · doi:10.1111/jipb.13827 · Cited by 100
Epithelial Antimicrobial Peptides: Guardian of the Oral Cavity
Hans, M., & Hans, V. M. (2014) · International Journal of Peptides · doi:10.1155/2014/370297 · Cited by 100
Antimicrobial peptide control of pathogenic microorganisms of the oral cavity: A review of the literature
da Silva, B. R., de Freitas, V. A. A., Neto, L. G. D. N., Carneiro, V. A., Arruda, F. V. S., de Aguiar, A. S. W., Cavada, B. S., & Teixeira, E. H. (2012) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2012.05.015 · Cited by 101
The innate defense regulator peptides IDR-HH2, IDR-1002, and IDR-1018 modulate human neutrophil functions
Niyonsaba, F., Madera, L., Afacan, N. J., Okumura, K., Ogawa, H., & Hancock, R. E. W. (2013) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.1012497 · Cited by 100
Biodegradable Polymers and Polymer Composites with Antibacterial Properties
Smola-Dmochowska, A., Lewicka, K., Macyk, A., Rychter, P., Pamuła, E., & Dobrzyński, P. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24087473 · Cited by 100
Barrier Functions of Human Skin: A Holistic View
Menon, G. K., & Kligman, A. M. (2009) · Skin Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1159/000231523 · Cited by 102
Human β-defensin-2: A natural antimicrobial peptide present in amniotic fluid participates in the host response to microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity
Soto, E., Espinoza, J., Nien, J. K., Kusanovic, J. P., Erez, O., Richani, K., Santolaya-Forgas, J., & Romero, R. J. (2007) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767050601036212 · Cited by 99
Identification and characterization of lysine-rich proteins and starch biosynthesis genes in the opaque2mutant by transcriptional and proteomic analysis
Jia, M., Wu, H., Clay, K. L., Jung, R., Larkins, B. A., & Gibbon, B. C. (2013) · BMC Plant Biology · doi:10.1186/1471-2229-13-60 · Cited by 99
Defensins in Viral Infections
Ding, J., Chou, Y.-Y., & Chang, T. L.-Y. (2009) · Journal of Innate Immunity · doi:10.1159/000226256 · Cited by 102
Identification of putative target genes of bZIP19, a transcription factor essential for Arabidopsis adaptation to Zn deficiency in roots
Inaba, S., Kurata, R., Kobayashi, M., Yamagishi, Y., Mori, I. C., Ogata, Y., & Fukao, Y. (2015) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1111/tpj.12996 · Cited by 98
Innate and adaptive immune responses in male and female reproductive tracts in homeostasis and following HIV infection
Nguyen, P. V., Kafka, J. K., Ferreira, V. H., Roth, K., & Kaushic, C. (2014) · Cellular and Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1038/cmi.2014.41 · Cited by 101
Human neutrophil α‐defensin 4 inhibits HIV‐1 infection in vitro
Wu, Z., Cocchi, F., Gentles, D., Ericksen, B., Lubkowski, J. T., DeVico, A. L., Lehrer, R. I., & Lu, W. (2004) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2004.11.062 · Cited by 98
Rab27a and Rab27b Regulate Neutrophil Azurophilic Granule Exocytosis and NADPH oxidase Activity by Independent Mechanisms
Johnson, J. L., Brzezinska, A. A., Tolmachova, T., Munafó, D. B., Ellis, B. A., Seabra, M. C., Hong, H., & Catz, S. D. (2009) · Traffic · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0854.2009.01029.x · Cited by 98
Structure-Activity Relationships in Defensin Dimers
Campopiano, D. J., Clarke, D. J., Polfer, N. C., Barran, P. E., Langley, R. J., Govan, J. R. W., Maxwell, A., & Dorin, J. R. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m404690200 · Cited by 98
Human β-Defensin 2 Induces a Vigorous Cytokine Response in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Boniotto, M., Jordan, W. J., Eskdale, J., Tossi, A., Antcheva, N., Crovella, S., Connell, N. D., & Gallagher, G. E. (2006) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.50.4.1433-1441.2006 · Cited by 98
The Frog Skin-Derived Antimicrobial Peptide Esculentin-1a(1-21)NH2 Promotes the Migration of Human HaCaT Keratinocytes in an EGF Receptor-Dependent Manner: A Novel Promoter of Human Skin Wound Healing?
Grazia, A. D., Cappiello, F., Akiko, I., Mastrofrancesco, A., Picardo, M., Paus, R., & Mangoni, M. L. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0128663 · Cited by 97
Peptoids successfully inhibit the growth of gram negative E. coli causing substantial membrane damage
Mojsoska, B., Carretero, G., Larsen, S., Mateiu, R. V., & Jenssen, H. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep42332 · Cited by 97
Diversity of insect antimicrobial peptides and proteins - A functional perspective: A review
Eleftherianos, I., Zhang, W., Heryanto, C., Mohamed, A. A., Contreras, G., Tettamanti, G., Wink, M., & Bassal, T. T. M. (2021) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.082 · Cited by 97
Molecular characterization and related aspects of the innate immune response in ticks
Daniel, E. S. (2008) · Frontiers in bioscience · doi:10.2741/3209 · Cited by 97
Thiazolyl Peptide Antibiotic Biosynthesis: A Cascade of Post-translational Modifications on Ribosomal Nascent Proteins
Walsh, C. T., Acker, M. G., & Bowers, A. A. (2010) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.r110.135970 · Cited by 97
Signal Transduction and Nuclear Responses in Staphylococcus aureus- Induced Expression of Human β-Defensin 3 in Skin Keratinocytes
Menzies, B. E., & Kenoyer, A. L. (2006) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.00389-06 · Cited by 101
Amplifying renal immunity: the role of antimicrobial peptides in pyelonephritis
Becknell, B., Schwaderer, A. L., Hains, D. S., & Spencer, J. D. (2015) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/nrneph.2015.105 · Cited by 98
Effective delivery of the anti-mycobacterial peptide NZX in mesoporous silica nanoparticles
Tenland, E., Pochert, A., Krishnan, N., Rao, K. U., Kalsum, S., Braun, K., Glegola-Madejska, I., Lerm, M., Robertson, B. D., Lindén, M., et al. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0212858 · Cited by 96
A novel carrier molecule for high-level expression of peptide antibiotics in Escherichia coli
Rao, X., Li, S., Hu, J. C., Jin, X. L., Hu, X. M., Huang, J., Chen, Z. J., Zhu, J. M., & Hu, F. (2004) · Protein Expression and Purification · doi:10.1016/j.pep.2004.01.020 · Cited by 96
Antimicrobial Activities of Chemokines: Not Just a Side-Effect?
Wolf, M., & Moser, B. (2012) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2012.00213 · Cited by 96
Expression of Antimicrobial Peptides in Cecal Tonsils of Chickens Treated with Probiotics and Infected with Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium
Akbari, M. R., Haghighi, H. R., Chambers, J. R., Brisbin, J. T., Read, L. R., & Sharif, S. (2008) · Clinical and Vaccine Immunology · doi:10.1128/cvi.00242-08 · Cited by 96
Isolation, Synthesis, and Antimicrobial Activities of Naturally Occurring θ-Defensin Isoforms from Baboon Leukocytes
Garcia, A., Ösapay, G., Tran, P. A., Yuan, J. J., & Selsted, M. E. (2008) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.01100-08 · Cited by 96
Cystic fibrosis microbiology: Advances in antimicrobial therapy
Waters, V. J., & Smyth, A. R. (2015) · Journal of Cystic Fibrosis · doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2015.02.005 · Cited by 102
The microbiota and helminths: sharing the same niche in the human host
Glendinning, L., Nausch, N., Free, A., Taylor, D. W., & Mutapi, F. (2014) · Parasitology · doi:10.1017/s0031182014000699 · Cited by 100
The Antifungal Peptide MCh-AMP1 Derived From Matricaria chamomilla Inhibits Candida albicans Growth via Inducing ROS Generation and Altering Fungal Cell Membrane Permeability
Seyedjavadi, S. S., Khani, S., Eslamifar, A., Ajdary, S., Goudarzi, M., Halabian, R., Akbari, R., Zare‐Zardini, H., Fooladi, A. A. I., Amani, J., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.03150 · Cited by 96
Placental Tissues as Biomaterials in Regenerative Medicine
Roy, A., Mantay, M., Brannan, C., & Griffiths, S. (2022) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2022/6751456 · Cited by 95
The epididymis-specific antimicrobial peptide β-defensin 15 is required for sperm motility and male fertility in the rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Zhao, Y., Diao, H., Ni, Z., Hu, S., Yu, H., & Zhang, Y. (2010) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-010-0478-4 · Cited by 95
Intestinal Innate Immunity toCampylobacter jejuniResults in Induction of Bactericidal Human Beta-Defensins 2 and 3
Zilbauer, M., Dorrell, N., Boughan, P. K., Harris, A., Wren, B. W., Klein, N. J., & Bajaj‐Elliott, M. (2005) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.73.11.7281-7289.2005 · Cited by 95
Structure and dynamics of cationic membrane peptides and proteins: Insights from solid‐state NMR
Hong, M., & Su, Y. (2011) · Protein Science · doi:10.1002/pro.600 · Cited by 95
Paneth Cell α-Defensin Synthesis and Function
Ouellette, A. J. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-540-29916-5_1 · Cited by 95
Bactericidal activity of mouse α-defensin cryptdin-4 predominantly affects noncommensal bacteria
Masuda, K., Sakai, N., Nakamura, K., Yoshioka, S., & Ayabe, T. (2011) · Journal of Innate Immunity · doi:10.1159/000322037 · Cited by 94
From intestinal stem cells to inflammatory bowel diseases.
Gersemann, M., Stange, E. F., & Wehkamp, J. (2011) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.3748/wjg.v17.i27.3198 · Cited by 94
Trans-Species Polymorphism in Immune Genes: General Pattern or MHC-Restricted Phenomenon?
Těšičký, M., & Vinkler, M. (2015) · Journal of Immunology Research · doi:10.1155/2015/838035 · Cited by 94
Neuropeptides in gut-brain axis and their influence on host immunity and stress
Wei, P., Keller, C., & Li, L. (2020) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2020.02.018 · Cited by 97
Cysteine‐rich antimicrobial peptides from plants: The future of antimicrobial therapy
Srivastava, S., Dashora, K., Ameta, K. L., Singh, N. P., Enshasy, H. A. E., Pagano, M. C., Hesham, A. E., Sharma, G. D., Sharma, M., & Bhargava, A. (2020) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.6823 · Cited by 94
P. gingivalis interactions with epithelial cells
Denis, F. K. (2007) · Frontiers in bioscience · doi:10.2741/2736 · Cited by 95
Paratransgenic Control of Vector Borne Diseases
Hurwitz, I., Fieck, A., Read, A., Hillesland, H., Klein, N., Kang, A. S., & Durvasula, R. V. (2011) · International Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijbs.7.1334 · Cited by 94

Authors: Ganz, T.
Affiliations: University of California, Los Angeles (US)
Corresponding author: Ganz, Tomas
ORCID: Ganz, Tomas
Venue: Nature Reviews Immunology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2003-09
Volume: 3
Issue: 9
Pages: 710-720
ISSN: 1474-1733 (ISSN-L)
1474-1741
DOI: 10.1038/nri1180
OpenAlex: W2057198053
Cited by: 3,066
References: 163
Citations by year: 2026: 79 · 2025: 97 · 2024: 112 · 2023: 111 · 2022: 138 · 2021: 126 · 2020: 145 · 2019: 147 · 2018: 157 · 2017: 133 · 2016: 139 · 2015: 150 · 2014: 161 · 2013: 170 · 2012: 165
FWCI: 12.60
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature reviews. Immunology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
Keywords: defensins, antimicrobial peptides, innate immunity, granulocytes, mucosal immunity, small intestine, natural antibiotics, human disease
MeSH terms: Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Models, Molecular, Molecular Sequence Data, Salmonella, Salmonella Infections, Sequence Alignment, Defensins

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Defensins: antimicrobial peptides of innate immunity

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks