Expanding TRAF function: TRAF3 as a tri-faced immune regulator
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor (TRAF) proteins are essential components of signalling pathways activated by TNFR or Toll-like receptor (TLR) family members. Acting alone or in combination, the seven known TRAFs control many biological processes, including cytokine production and cell survival. The function of one TRAF in particular, TRAF3, remained elusive for many years. Recent work has revealed that TRAF3 is a highly versatile regulator that positively controls type I interferon production, but negatively regulates mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and alternative nuclear factor-κB signalling. In this Review, we discuss our current understanding of the role of TRAF3 in TNFR and TLR signalling pathways, and its role in disease.
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TRAF3 controls type-1 interferon response, and individuals treated with interferon are at high risk to develop depressive symptoms.
“The TRAF3 protein product, “TNF Receptor Associated Factor 3”, controls type-1 interferon response,34 and it has been reported that individuals treated with interferon are at high risk to develop depressive symptoms.35”
From Bi-ancestral depression GWAS in the Million Veteran Program and meta-analysis in >1.2 million individuals highlight new therapeutic directions (2021) · cites this paper as [34]
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- Authors
- Häcker, H., Tseng, P.-H., & Karin, M.
- Affiliations
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (US)
- National Yang Ming University (TW)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Häcker, Hans
- Karin, Michael
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Immunology
- Published
- 2011-06-10
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 457-468
- ISSN
- 1474-1733 (ISSN-L)
- 1474-1741
- OpenAlex
- W2015348280
- Cited by
- 471
- References
- 95
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 1.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI-043477, AI083443, R01AI083443)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › NF-κB Signaling Pathways
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
- Keywords
- TRAF3, TRAF proteins, Toll-like receptor signaling, MAPK activation, type I interferon production, immune regulation, cytokine production, cell survival, disease
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Interferon Type I, Models, Biological, Signal Transduction, NF-kappa B, Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 3, Toll-Like Receptors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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