IAP Antagonists Induce Autoubiquitination of c-IAPs, NF-κB Activation, and TNFα-Dependent Apoptosis
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Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins are antiapoptotic regulators that block cell death in response to diverse stimuli. They are expressed at elevated levels in human malignancies and are attractive targets for the development of novel cancer therapeutics. Herein, we demonstrate that small-molecule IAP antagonists bind to select baculovirus IAP repeat (BIR) domains resulting in dramatic induction of auto-ubiquitination activity and rapid proteasomal degradation of c-IAPs. The IAP antagonists also induce cell death that is dependent on TNF signaling and de novo protein biosynthesis. Additionally, the c-IAP proteins were found to function as regulators of NF-kappaB signaling. Through their ubiquitin E3 ligase activities c-IAP1 and c-IAP2 promote proteasomal degradation of NIK, the central ser/thr kinase in the noncanonical NF-kappaB pathway.
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The switch between target substrate ubiquitylation and autoubiquitylation following changes in binding partner might be a general feature of RING E3 ligases, since ligand binding to IAP stimulates IAP auto-destruction.
“This switch between target substrate ubiquitylation and autoubiquitylation following changes in binding partner might be a general feature of RING E3 ligases, since ligand binding to IAP (a member of the RING E3 inhibitor of apoptosis proteins) stimulates IAP auto-destruction [43].”
From The p53 orchestra: Mdm2 and Mdmx set the tone (2010) · cites this paper as [43]
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“These findings were substantiated by the use of cIAP inhibitors termed SMAC mimetic”
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HaloPROTACS: Use of Small Molecule PROTACs to Induce Degradation of HaloTag Fusion Proteins
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Ubiquitylation in apoptosis: a post-translational modification at the edge of life and death
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Mitochondria and cell death-associated inflammation
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Drugging the undruggables: exploring the ubiquitin system for drug development
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Many stimuli pull the necrotic trigger, an overview
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“This secondary complex is called Complex II or commonly referred as the ripop-tosome (Petersen et al , 2007; Varfolomeev et al , 2007; Feoktis-tova et al , 2011; Tenev et al , 2011; Vince et al , 2012; Dondelinger et al , 2013; Lafont et al , 2018; Malireddi et al , 2018).”
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“NIK protein levels decreased drastically upon co-expression with either c-IAP1 or c-IAP2, as shown previously (Varfolomeev et al, 2007).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialProgrammed Necrosis in the Cross Talk of Cell Death and Inflammation
Chan, F. K.-M., Luz, N. F., & Moriwaki, K. (2014) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-032414-112248 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
“In addition, SM, which sensitizes cells to death cytokines, also causes noncanonical NF-κB activation (57, 58, 113).”
BackgroundVanlangenakker, N., Vanden Berghe, T., Bogaert, P., Laukens, B., Zobel, K., Deshayes, K., Vucic, D., Fulda, S., Vandenabeele, P., & Bertrand, M. J. M. (2011) · Cell Death & Differentiation · doi:10.1038/cdd.2010.138 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
“5 As a first approach to investigate the potential role of the cIAPs in necrotic cell death, we used BV6, an IAP antagonist that induces autoubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of cIAP1 and cIAP2 (Figure 1a).(15) Surprisingly, we found that BV6 treatment had no effect on necrotic cell death induced b…”
Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) Proteins-Modulators of Cell Death and InflammationPreprint
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“Moreover, the E3 ubiquitin ligases cIAP1 and cIAP2 were later on found to mediate NIK ubiquitination and degradation (118, 119).”
Degradation of proteins by PROTACs and other strategies
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“The monovalent IAP antagonists emulate one SMAC AVPI motif, while the bivalent antagonists comprise two AVPI-like motif mimetics connected by a chemical linker (Sun et al , 2007; Varfolomeev et al , 2007).”
InfluentialReturn to homeostasis: downregulation of NF-κB responses
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“These cIAP proteins serve as potent K48-specific E3 ligases for NIK that mediate degradative ubiquitination to constitutively repress alternative NF-κB signaling under unstimulated condition”
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MK2 Phosphorylates RIPK1 to Prevent TNF-Induced Cell Death
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Chemistries of bifunctional PROTAC degraders
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“Similarly, the cIAP [64_TD$DIFF]antagonists [65_TD$DIFF]Compound A and BV6 also induce the activation of noncanonical NF-kB signaling in MEFs and human breast cancer cells, respectively [6,7].”
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“For example, cIAP1, cIAP2, and to some extent, XIAP, are known to inhibit an apoptotic pathway that involves caspase-8/RIP1/FADD (Tenev et al., 2011; Varfolomeev et al., 2007; Vince et al., 2007).”
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“When cIAPs are blocked, RIPK1 does not get polyubiquitinated and NF-jB is activated by a non-canonical pathway via the upregulation of NIK (NF-jB-inducing kinase) [44, 45].”
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XIAP mediates NOD signaling via interaction with RIP2
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“Incomplete ubiquitination of RIPK1 can also be caused by depletion or degradation of cIAP1/2, which results in the absence or reduction of K63 poly-ubiquitin chains added to RIPK1, leading to the formation of Complex IIb (42, 43).”
XIAP Restricts TNF- and RIP3-Dependent Cell Death and Inflammasome Activation
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- Authors
- Varfolomeev, E., Blankenship, J. W., Wayson, S. M., Fedorova, A. V., Kayagaki, N., Garg, P., Zobel, K., Dynek, J. N., Elliott, L. O., Wallweber, H. J. A., Flygare, J. A., Fairbrother, W. J., Deshayes, K., Dixit, V. M., & Vucic, D.
- Affiliations
- Genentech (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dixit, Vishva M.
- Vucic, Domagoj
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-11
- Volume
- 131
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 669-681
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2064299413
- Cited by
- 1,218
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 69 · 2017: 64 · 2016: 78 · 2015: 80 · 2014: 100 · 2013: 78 · 2012: 71
- FWCI
- 33.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Genentech
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › NF-κB Signaling Pathways
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
- Keywords
- inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, IAP antagonists, cIAP1, cIAP2, autoubiquitination, proteasomal degradation, NF-κB signaling, non-canonical NF-κB signaling, NIK, TNF signaling, apoptosis, cancer therapeutics
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Line, Humans, Neoplasms, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Molecular Structure, Signal Transduction, NF-kappa B, Apoptosis, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Polyubiquitin, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex, Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins, Mice, Ubiquitination
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