Cited by 99Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsReceptor Mechanisms and Signaling

G-protein coupled receptor, PI3K and Rho signaling pathways regulate the cascades of Tau and amyloid-β in Alzheimer’s disease

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Desale, Smita Eknath, Chidambaram, Hariharakrishnan, Chinnathambi, Subashchandrabose·2021·Molecular Biomedicine

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the presence of amyloid-β plaques in the extracellular environment and aggregates of Tau protein that forms neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in neuronal cells. Along with these pathological proteins, the disease shows neuroinflammation, neuronal death, impairment in the immune function of microglia and synaptic loss, which are mediated by several important signaling pathways. The PI3K/Akt-mediated survival-signaling pathway is activated by many receptors such as G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor. The signaling pathway not only increases the survival of neurons but also regulates inflammation, phagocytosis, cellular protection, Tau phosphorylation and Aβ secretion as well. In this review, we focused on receptors, which activate PI3K/Akt pathway and its potential to treat Alzheimer’s disease. Among several membrane receptors, GPCRs are the major drug targets for therapy, and GPCR signaling pathways are altered during Alzheimer’s disease. Several GPCRs are involved in the pathogenic progression, phosphorylation of Tau protein by activation of various cellular kinases and are involved in the amyloidogenic pathway of amyloid-β synthesis. Apart from various GPCR signaling pathways, GPCR regulating/ interacting proteins are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. These include several small GTPases, Ras homolog enriched in brain, GPCR associated sorting proteins, β-arrestins, etc., that play a critical role in disease progression and has been elaborated in this review.

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  1. [17]Das R, Balmik AA, Chinnathambi S. Melatonin reduces GSK3β expression and tau phosphorylation via Nrf2 nuclear translocation. BioRxiv. 2019:861229. 10.1101/861229. · DOI

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Authors
Desale, S. E., Chidambaram, H., & Chinnathambi, S.
Affiliations
National Chemical Laboratory (IN)
Corresponding author
  • Desale, Smita Eknath
  • Chidambaram, Hariharakrishnan
  • Chinnathambi, Subashchandrabose
Venue
Molecular Biomedicine
Published
2021-06-10
Volume
2
Issue
1
Pages
17-17
ISSN
2662-8651 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3167086420
Cited by
99
References
223
Citations by year
2026: 33 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1
FWCI
1.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Molecular Biomedicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India (CSIR NCL/MLP 101726)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, G protein-coupled receptors, PI3K/Akt signaling, Rho GTPase signaling, tau phosphorylation, amyloid-beta, neurofibrillary tangles, TREM2, lysophosphatidic acid receptor, neuroinflammation, microglia, synaptic loss, beta-arrestin, small GTPases, therapeutic target

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