Early phytocannabinoid chemistry to endocannabinoids and beyond
Abstract
Isolation and structure elucidation of most of the major cannabinoid constituents--including Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ(9)-THC), which is the principal psychoactive molecule in Cannabis sativa--was achieved in the 1960s and 1970s. It was followed by the identification of two cannabinoid receptors in the 1980s and the early 1990s and by the identification of the endocannabinoids shortly thereafter. There have since been considerable advances in our understanding of the endocannabinoid system and its function in the brain, which reveal potential therapeutic targets for a wide range of brain disorders.
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Dronabinol and nabilone are partial agonists at CB1 receptors and have lower affinity at CB2 receptors.
“The synthetic cannabinoids dronabinol, which is ( −)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (Marinol® and Syndros®), and nabilone—a synthetic cannabinoid with structural similarities to THC (Cesamet®), are partial agonists at the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and with somehow lower affinity at CB2 receptors [6].”
From Medical cannabinoids: a pharmacology-based systematic review and meta-analysis for all relevant medical indications. (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
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- Authors
- Mechoulam, R., Hanuš, L. O., Pertwee, R., & Howlett, A. C.
- Affiliations
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
- University of Aberdeen (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Mechoulam, Raphael
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Neuroscience
- Published
- 2014-10-15
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 757-764
- ISSN
- 1471-003X (ISSN-L)
- 1471-0048
- OpenAlex
- W2095441468
- Cited by
- 393
- References
- 118
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 23
- FWCI
- 3.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA003934, P01DA009789, DA-3934, DA-3690, DA-3672, DA-9789, R01DA003690)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- phytocannabinoids, endocannabinoids, endocannabinoid system, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, Cannabis sativa, cannabinoid receptors, structure elucidation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Central Nervous System, Humans, Neuropharmacology, Plant Extracts, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Endocannabinoids
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