The endocannabinoid system in guarding against fear, anxiety and stress

Lutz, Beat; Marsicano, Giovanni; Maldonado, Rafael; Hillard, Cecilia J.

doi:10.1038/nrn4036

Cited by 506Cannabis and Cannabinoid ResearchNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchStress Responses and Cortisol

The endocannabinoid system in guarding against fear, anxiety and stress

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Lutz, Beat, Marsicano, Giovanni, Maldonado, Rafael, Hillard, Cecilia J.·2015·Nature reviews. Neuroscience

DOI 10.1038/nrn4036PMC PMC5871913

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Abstract

The endocannabinoid (eCB) system has emerged as a central integrator linking the perception of external and internal stimuli to distinct neurophysiological and behavioural outcomes (such as fear reaction, anxiety and stress-coping), thus allowing an organism to adapt to its changing environment. eCB signalling seems to determine the value of fear-evoking stimuli and to tune appropriate behavioural responses, which are essential for the organism's long-term viability, homeostasis and stress resilience; and dysregulation of eCB signalling can lead to psychiatric disorders. An understanding of the underlying neural cell populations and cellular processes enables the development of therapeutic strategies to mitigate behavioural maladaptation.

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Following binding to central nervous system receptors such as CB1, endocannabinoids reduce anxiety and increase food intake.
“Following their binding to central nervous system receptors (e.g.CB1 receptors), endocannabinoids have been shown, e.g., to reduce anxiety (Marsicano et al., 2002;Lutz et al., 2015) and increase food intake (Di Marzo et al., 2001).”
From Sleep restriction alters plasma endocannabinoids concentrations before but not after exercise in humans (2016) · cites this paper as Lutz et al., 2015
Activation of the endocannabinoid system has been previously shown to increase acutely appetite and mood.
“Given that activation of the endocannabinoid system has been previously shown to increase acutely appetite and mood (Di Marzo et al., 2001;Lutz et al., 2015)”
From Sleep restriction alters plasma endocannabinoids concentrations before but not after exercise in humans (2016) · cites this paper as Lutz et al., 2015
The endocannabinoid system critically mediates development, synaptic plasticity, cognition and neuropsychiatric disorders.
“The endocannabinoid system critically mediates development, synaptic plasticity, cognition and neuropsychiatric disorders”
From The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: Behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties (2020) · cites this paper as Lutz et al., 2015
The G-protein-coupled cannabinoid 1-R is enriched in axonal terminals in the brain, while cannabinoid 2-R is mainly, but not exclusively, expressed in the periphery system.
“The G-protein-coupled cannabinoid 1-R is enriched in axonal terminals in the brain, while cannabinoid 2-R is mainly, but not exclusively, expressed in the periphery system”
From The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: Behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties (2020) · cites this paper as Lutz et al., 2015

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[10]Marsicano G Kuner R Anatomical Distribution of Receptors, Ligands and Enzymes in the Brain and in the Spinal Cord: Circuitries and Neurochemistry in Cannabinoids in the Brain Köfalvi A 161 201 Springer 2008
[115]Hillard C Cannabinoids, Endocannabinoids and Stress in Cannabinoids Di Marzo V 139 174 Wiley-Blackwell 2014

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Authors: Lutz, B., Marsicano, G., Maldonado, R., & Hillard, C. J.
Affiliations: University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
Université de Bordeaux (FR)
Universitat Pompeu Fabra (ES)
Medical College of Wisconsin (US)
ORCID: Lutz, Beat
Marsicano, Giovanni
Maldonado, Rafael
Hillard, Cecilia J.
Venue: Nature reviews. Neuroscience
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2015-11-20
Volume: 16
Issue: 12
Pages: 705-718
ISSN: 1471-003X (ISSN-L)
1471-0048
DOI: 10.1038/nrn4036
PMC: PMC5871913
OpenAlex: W2216007535
Cited by: 506
References: 195
Citations by year: 2026: 36 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 64 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 1
FWCI: 4.27
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature reviews. Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
Repositori digital de la UPF (Universitat Pompeu Fabra) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-13-BSV4-0006, ANR-10-LABX-0043)
National Institute of Mental Health (MH102838, R21MH102838)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA026996, DA026996, DA038663, R01DA038663)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Keywords: endocannabinoid system, fear, anxiety, stress coping, stress resilience, endocannabinoid signaling, synaptic modulation, brain circuits, anxiety disorders, mental illness, cellular mechanisms
MeSH terms: Animals, Anxiety, Central Nervous System, Fear, Humans, Stress, Psychological, Signal Transduction, Endocannabinoids

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The endocannabinoid system in guarding against fear, anxiety and stress

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