Validating bifidobacterial species and subspecies identity in commercial probiotic products
Open accessAbstract
Background The ingestion of probiotics to attempt to improve health is increasingly common; however, quality control of some commercial products can be limited. Clinical practice is shifting toward the routine use of probiotics to aid in prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants, and probiotic administration to term infants is increasingly common to treat colic and/or prevent atopic disease. Since bifidobacteria dominate the feces of healthy breast-fed infants, they are often included in infant-targeted probiotics.Methods We evaluated 16 probiotic products to determine how well their label claims describe the species of detectable bifidobacteria in the product. Recently developed DNA-based methods were used as a primary means of identification, and were confirmed using culture-based techniques.Results We found that the contents of many bifidobacterial probiotic products differ from the ingredient list, sometimes at a subspecies level. Only 1 of the 16 probiotics perfectly matched its bifidobacterial label claims in all samples tested, and both pill-to-pill and lot-to-lot variation were observed.Conclusion Given the known differences between various bifidobacterial species and subspecies in metabolic capacity and colonization abilities, the prevalence of misidentified bifidobacteria in these products is cause for concern for those involved in clinical trials and consumers of probiotic products.
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In a recent study performed with 16 probiotic products, using DNA-based methods as well as culturing techniques, only one matched its bifidobacterial label; thus, most of them differ from the ingredient list.
“Indeed, in a recent study performed with 16 probiotic products, using DNA-based methods as well as culturing techniques, only one matched its bifidobacterial label; thus, most of them differ from the ingredient list (101).”
From Bifidobacteria and Their Health-Promoting Effects (2017) · cites this paper as [101]
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- Authors
- Lewis, Z. T., Shani, G., Masarweh, C. F., Popovic, M., Frese, S. A., Sela, D. A., Underwood, M. A., & Mills, D. A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- University of Massachusetts Amherst (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mills, David A.
- Venue
- Pediatric Research
- Published
- 2015-11-16
- Volume
- 79
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 445-452
- ISSN
- 0031-3998 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-0447
- PMC
- PMC4916961
- OpenAlex
- W2285826822
- Cited by
- 154
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 8
- FWCI
- 17.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Pediatric Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (R01AT008759, R01AT007079, F32AT008533)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- Bifidobacterium, probiotics, species identification, subspecies identification, probiotic quality control, label claims, DNA-based identification, culture-based identification, lot-to-lot variation, necrotizing enterocolitis prevention, breast-fed infants
- MeSH terms
- Bifidobacterium, DNA, Bacterial, Feces, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, Species Specificity, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Genome, Bacterial, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Probiotics, Enterocolitis, Necrotizing
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