Cited by 107Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsGenetics and Neurodevelopmental DisordersDementia and Cognitive Impairment Research

Discovery of autism/intellectual disability somatic mutations in Alzheimer’s brains: mutated ADNP cytoskeletal impairments and repair as a case study

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Ivashko-Pachima, Yanina, Hadar, Adva, Grigg, Iris, Korenková, Vlasta, Kapitansky, Oxana, Karmon, Gidon, Gershovits, Michael, Sayas, C. Laura +4 more·2021·Molecular Psychiatry

Abstract

With Alzheimer’s disease (AD) exhibiting reduced ability of neural stem cell renewal, we hypothesized that de novo mutations controlling embryonic development, in the form of brain somatic mutations instigate the disease. A leading gene presenting heterozygous dominant de novo autism-intellectual disabilities (ID) causing mutations is activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP), with intact ADNP protecting against AD-tauopathy. We discovered a genomic autism ADNP mutation (c.2188C>T) in postmortem AD olfactory bulbs and hippocampi. RNA-Seq of olfactory bulbs also identified a novel ADNP hotspot mutation, c.2187_2188insA. Altogether, 665 mutations in 596 genes with 441 mutations in AD patients (389 genes, 38% AD—exclusive mutations) and 104 genes presenting disease-causing mutations (OMIM) were discovered. OMIM AD mutated genes converged on cytoskeletal mechanisms, autism and ID causing mutations (about 40% each). The number and average frequencies of AD-related mutations per subject were higher in AD subjects compared to controls. RNA-seq datamining (hippocampus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, fusiform gyrus and superior frontal gyrus—583 subjects) yielded similar results. Overlapping all tested brain areas identified unique and shared mutations, with ADNP singled out as a gene associated with autism/ID/AD and presenting several unique aging/AD mutations. The large fusiform gyrus library (117 subjects) with high sequencing coverage correlated the c.2187_2188insA ADNP mutation frequency to Braak stage (tauopathy) and showed more ADNP mutations in AD specimens. In cell cultures, the ADNP-derived snippet NAP inhibited mutated-ADNP-microtubule (MT) toxicity and enhanced Tau–MT association. We propose a paradigm-shifting concept in the perception of AD whereby accumulating mosaic somatic mutations promote brain pathology.

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  • The 832 LOAD spheroid DEGs overlap with bulk RNA-seq datasets from various brain regions in individuals with AD, GO terms related to apoptosis/neurodegeneration, and AD risk genes from Alzgene database, with overlaps ranging from 8 to 135 genes.

    “We further compared 832 DEGs with bulk RNA-seq datasets from various brain regions in individuals with AD (80–84), gene members in GO terms related to apoptosis/neurodegeneration, and AD risk genes from Alzgene database, revealing distinct sets of DEGs with overlaps ranging from 8 to 135 genes (Table S7, page 2, 3 and 4).”

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  1. [75]Gozes I, Levine J. Neuroprotection in autism, schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. 1st ed; Academic Press, Elsevier; 2019. p. 322.

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Authors
Ivashko-Pachima, Y., Hadar, A., Grigg, I., Korenková, V., Kapitansky, O., Karmon, G., Gershovits, M., Sayas, C. L., Kooy, R. F., Attems, J., Gurwitz, D., & Gozes, I.
Affiliations
  • Tel Aviv University (IL)
  • Czech Academy of Sciences (CZ)
  • Weizmann Institute of Science (IL)
  • Universidad de La Laguna (ES)
  • University of Antwerp (BE)
  • Newcastle University (GB)
Corresponding author
Gozes, Illana
Venue
Molecular Psychiatry
Published
2019-10-30
Volume
26
Issue
5
Pages
1619-1633
ISSN
  • 1359-4184 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-5578
OpenAlex
W2982336643
Cited by
107
References
78
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 13
FWCI
7.89
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Molecular Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity) (cc-by)
Funders
  • Fundación Alicia Koplowitz
  • Alzheimer's Society
  • National Institute for Health and Care Research
  • Newcastle University (G0400074)
  • Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy (CZ1.05/1.1.00/02.0109, RVO:86652036, CZ.1.05, LQ1604 NPU II, 86652036, LQ1604)
  • Israel Science Foundation (ISF 1424/14, 1424/14)
  • Tel Aviv University
  • Medical Research Council (G0400074)
  • European Regional Development Fund (CZ.1.05/1.100/02.0109, LQ1604, 86652036)
  • NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, somatic mutations, ADNP, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, de novo mutations, microtubules, tauopathy, olfactory bulb, hippocampus, NAP peptide, Braak stages
MeSH terms
Alzheimer Disease, Autistic Disorder, Brain, Humans, Intellectual Disability, Mutation, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Homeodomain Proteins

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