Sleep and meal timing influence food intake and its hormonal regulation in healthy adults with overweight/obesity
Open accessAbstract
Background Studies associate sleeping and eating late in the day with poor dietary quality and higher obesity risk but differences in sleep duration confound this association. We aimed to determine whether sleep and meal timing, independent of sleep duration, influenced food intake in healthy adults.Methods This was a controlled, 2 × 2 inpatient crossover study with normal (0000-0800 h) or late (0330-1130 h) sleep and normal (1, 5, 11, and 12.5 h after awakening) or late (4.5, 8.5, 14.5, and 16 h after awakening) meals. Food intake was controlled while blood samples were obtained for determination of appetite-regulating hormones on days 3-4. Self-selected food intake was assessed on day 5. Data were analyzed using linear mixed model analysis with sleep, meal, and sleep x meal interaction as dependent variables.Results Five participants completed all phases (mean age 25.1 ± [SD] 3.9 y, body mass index 29.2 ± 2.7 kg/m 2). There was a significant sleep x meal interaction on energy intake (P = 0.035) and trends on fat and sodium intakes (P < 0.10). Overnight ghrelin concentrations were higher under normal sleep and meal conditions relative to late (P < 0.005) but lower when both were combined (P < 0.001). Overnight leptin concentrations were higher under normal meal conditions (P = 0.012). There was a significant sleep x meal interaction on ghrelin (P = 0.032) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (P = 0.041) concentrations, but not leptin (P = 0.83), in response to a test meal.Conclusions Our results suggest that alignment of sleep and meals may influence food choice and energy balance. Additional research is necessary to expand and confirm our findings.
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- Authors
- St-Onge, M.-P., Pizinger, T., Kovtun, K., & RoyChoudhury, A.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- Cornell University (US)
- Venue
- European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Published
- 2018-11-28
- Volume
- 72
- Issue
- S1
- Pages
- 76-82
- ISSN
- 0954-3007 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5640
- PMC
- PMC6538463
- OpenAlex
- W2902497737
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 6
- FWCI
- 2.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000040)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R56HL119945)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK026687)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Keywords
- sleep timing, meal timing, dietary intake, energy intake, ghrelin, leptin, glucagon-like peptide-1, appetite-regulating hormones, overweight, obesity, energy balance, dietary fat intake, sodium intake
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Energy Intake, Female, Humans, Male, Obesity, Sleep, Cross-Over Studies, Leptin, Overweight, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Ghrelin, Meals
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