Circadian timing of food intake contributes to weight gain
Open accessAbstract
Studies of body weight regulation have focused almost entirely on caloric intake and energy expenditure. However, a number of recent studies in animals linking energy regulation and the circadian clock at the molecular, physiological, and behavioral levels raise the possibility that the timing of food intake itself may play a significant role in weight gain. The present study focused on the role of the circadian phase of food consumption in weight gain. We provide evidence that nocturnal mice fed a high‐fat diet only during the 12‐h light phase gain significantly more weight than mice fed only during the 12‐h dark phase. A better understanding of the role of the circadian system for weight gain could have important implications for developing new therapeutic strategies for combating the obesity epidemic facing the human population today.
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In mouse studies, feeding animals only during the rest (light) phase results in greater weight gain compared to feeding them during the active (dark) phase.
“In mouse studies, feeding animals only during the rest (light) phase resulted in greater weight gain compared to feeding them during the active (dark) phase (55).”
From Meal timing and its role in obesity and associated diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [55]
Night eating syndrome in humans and a shift of food intake from the active phase to the rest phase in laboratory rodents have been associated with adverse metabolic consequences.
“The night eating syndrome in humans (33,34) and a shift of food intake from the active phase to the rest phase in laboratory rodents (35,36) have been associated with adverse metabolic consequences.”
From Circadian Misalignment Augments Markers of Insulin Resistance and Inflammation, Independently of Sleep Loss (2014) · cites this paper as [35]
Eating at inappropriate circadian times may contribute to poorer weight management and metabolic health.
“Recent evidence from animal trials reported that eating at inappropriate circadian times may contribute to a poorer weight management and metabolic health [6,7,8].”
From Chronotype and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Obesity: Results from the Opera Prevention Project (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
Food consumption during habitual sleep or rest times is associated with greater risk for obesity.
“Emerging evidence from both rodent and human studies suggests that food consumption during habitual sleep or rest times (ie, evenings in humans) is associated with greater risk for obesity (49,50)”
From Social jetlag, chronotype, and cardiometabolic risk (2015) · cites this paper as [49]
In mice on a 12-h:12-h light-dark cycle fed a high-fat diet for 6 wk, exclusive feeding during the light phase led to greater weight gain than feeding during the dark phase, with no significant differences in calorie intake or activity.
“The group fed during the light phase gained more weight, despite the absence of any significant differences in calorie intake or activity over the course of the experiment.”
From Circadian rhythms, metabolism, and chrononutrition in rodents and humans (2016) · cites this paper as [83]
The increases in body fat percentage and body mass in mice fed during biological day may have been due to lower energy expended via physical activity and greater food intake, although neither observation reached statistical significance.
“These increases may have been due to lower energy expended via physical activity and greater food intake in the mice fed during the biological day, although neither of these observations reached statistical significance.”
From The impact of the circadian timing system on cardiovascular and metabolic function (2012) · cites this paper as Arble et al., 2009
Feeding mice for 6 weeks only during their biological day rather than biological night increases their body fat percentage (statistical trend) and body mass.
“Moreover, feeding mice for 6 weeks only during their biological day (normal rest phase) rather than biological night (normal active phase) increases their body fat percentage (statistical trend) and body mass (Arble et al., 2009).”
From The impact of the circadian timing system on cardiovascular and metabolic function (2012) · cites this paper as Arble et al., 2009
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- Authors
- Arble, D. M., Bass, J., Laposky, A. D., Vitaterna, M. H., & Turek, F. W.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Turek, Fred W.
- Venue
- Obesity
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-11
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2100-2102
- ISSN
- 1930-7381 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-739X
- PMC
- PMC3499064
- OpenAlex
- W2047324057
- Cited by
- 953
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 68 · 2018: 68 · 2017: 63 · 2016: 64 · 2015: 62 · 2014: 66 · 2013: 61 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 15.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- e-Publications@Marquette (Marquette University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (P01AG011412, P01 AG114212)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32HL007909)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Keywords
- circadian rhythm, meal timing, weight gain, high-fat diet, nocturnal feeding, light-dark cycle, circadian clock, energy regulation, mice
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Energy Intake, Circadian Rhythm, Dietary Fats, Eating, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Motor Activity, Obesity, Time Factors, Weight Gain, Photoperiod, Mice
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